Nutrition Final

Lisa is a healthy young woman whose energy requirement is 2250 kcal/day. Based on this information, what would be her daily energy requirement during her first trimester of pregnancy?

2250

Gabrielle is due to give birth to a boy in march/ Before she can become pregnant, Gabrielle weighed 140 lb, which is the healthy range for her height. Based on this information, her physician will recommend that she gain ___ pounds during her pregnancy

25-35

which of the following is true

A food's odor or color is not a reliable source of whether it is safe to eat or not

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that doesn't supply any energy for the human body? Select one: a. Vitamin C b. Carbohydrate c. Protein d. Alcohol e. Fat

A) Vitamin C

Bernie is 91 years of age. Her ____ is likely to have a negative influence her nutritional status Frequent socialization with friends and family Daily exercise regimen Annual income Ethnic Background

Annual income

Match this statement with its dimension of wellness: It is better to ponder the meaning of life for ourselves and to be tolerant of the beliefs of others than to close our minds and become tolerant. Select one: a. Emotional b. Spiritual c. Occupational d. Intellectual e. Physical f. Social

B) Spiritual

During the first few days after giving birth, the new mother's breasts produce Oxytocin Prolactin Colostrum Pica

Colostrum

which of the following is substance is a lipid that is necessary for the proper development of an infant's nervous system

DHA

Impoverished children who live in developing countries have a high risk of dying from Drinking polluted water Consuming too much added fat Consuming too much fat and sugar Being born with diverticulosis Developing type 1 diabetes

Drinking polluted water

Match this statement with its dimension of wellness: It is better to develop functional, transferable skills through structured involvement opportunities than to remain inactive and uninvolved. Select one: a. Spiritual b. Intellectual c. Social d. Physical e. Occupational f. Emotional

E) occupational

Caregivers should not feed ____ to infants

Honey

Pregnant women generally need to take a supplement that contains

Iron and Folic Acid

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that doesn't supply any energy for the human body? Select one: a. Vitamin C b. Carbohydrate c. Protein d. Alcohol e. Fat

Vitamin C

Which of the following federally subsidized food program is designed to improve the nutritional status specifically of lower income pregnant and breastfeeding women and their pre school children in the United states? WIC Meals on Wheels Commodity Supplemental Food Program UNICEF

WIC

Julio wants to cook chicken, make a salad, and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his room mates. Julio and his dinner quests are likely to experiment food-borne illness if he

Wipes the knife used to cut up the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the salad vegetables

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. A diet that contains whole-grain foods may help relieve constipation. b. The human intestinal tract breaks down dietary fiber into glucose molecules. c. The human body stores soluble fiber in muscle tissue. d. Insoluble fiber swells in water, which attracts cholesterol molecules to the fiber.

a. A diet that contains whole-grain foods may help relieve constipation.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Acid reflux often results when the gastroesophageal sphincter fails to close properly. b. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) begins the partial digestion of fats in the small intestine. c. The body needs more time to digest a high-carbohydrate meal than a high-fat meal. d. A thin layer of chyme protects the lining of the digestive tract from being broken down by enzymes.

a. Acid reflux often results when the gastroesophageal sphincter fails to close properly.

Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin E? Select one: a. Almonds b. Fat-free milk c. Ground beef d. Enriched white wheat flour e. Apples

a. Almonds

a. Avocados and some types of fish can be grouped with oils. b. Most food guides classify milk in the protein foods group. c. Most food guides include cream as a member of the dairy foods group. d. Because margarine is a substitute for butter, it is classified as a dairy food.

a. Avocados and some types of fish can be grouped with oils.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Ethanol is a depressant drug. b. A standard alcoholic drink is approximately 5 ounces of beer. c. A typical beer is 12 to 14% alcohol. d. Each gram of alcohol provides 9 kcal.

a. Ethanol is a depressant drug.

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving? Select one: a. Fat-free milk b. French fries c. Grape drink d. Water e. Soybean oil

a. Fat-free milk

Match this statement with its dimension of wellness: A well person expands his or her knowledge and skills while discovering the potential for sharing his or her gifts with others. a. Intellectual b. Physical c. Occupational d. Spiritual e. Emotional f. Social

a. Intellectual

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Nutritional needs of healthy people vary during different life stages, such as infancy and pregnancy. b. Regardless of their ages and physical conditions, people never need to take dietary supplements that include vitamins and minerals. c. To achieve optimal health, you should individualize your diet to match your blood type, eye color, and other physical characteristics. d. By taking dietary supplements that provide nutrients and phytochemicals, people can maintain good health without eating foods.

a. Nutritional needs of healthy people vary during different life stages, such as infancy and pregnancy.

A popular fitness magazine has an article about the health benefits of high-fiber diets. Which of the following credentials indicates that the author is likely to be a reliable source of food and nutrition information? Select one: a. RD b. MS c. DM d. RN e. MD

a. RD

The amount of a vitamin or mineral that meets about 98% of the population's need for the nutrient is the _____ for that nutrient. Select one: a. RDA b. UL c. EAR d. %DV

a. RDA

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving? Select one: a. Raw tomatoes b. Tortilla chips c. Oatmeal cookie d. Margarine

a. Raw tomatoes

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Scientists typically use different methods to conduct research, which explains why similar studies involving humans often have conflicting results. b. Scientists have peer reviewers analyze the designs of their human research studies, because the peer-review process reduces research bias. c. Scientists developed dietary recommendations for the U.S. population after analyzing results of a single American study, the Framingham Heart Study. d. It is illegal for scientists to publish research findings that are biased in favor of the people or agencies who funded the research projects.

a. Scientists typically use different methods to conduct research, which explains why similar studies involving humans often have conflicting results.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach. b. A thick layer of muscle tissue protects the lining of the stomach. c. The sense of taste contributes to the sense of smell. d. The lower gastroesophageal sphincter prevents chyme from entering the small intestine.

a. Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach.

Which of the following menu items is referred to as an "empty-calorie" food? Select one: a. Sugar-sweetened soft drinks b. Fat-free dairy products c. 100% fruit juices d. Whole-grain breads

a. Sugar-sweetened soft drinks

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The FDA does not permit dietary supplement manufacturers to market their products as cures for diseases. b. The FDA has established Daily Values for nonnutrient dietary supplements. c. The FDA does not permit dietary supplement manufacturers to display structure/function claims on package labels. d. The FDA must review every health-related claim before a dietary supplement manufacturer can display the claim on a label.

a. The FDA does not permit dietary supplement manufacturers to market their products as cures for diseases.

Metabolism is Select one: a. The total of all chemical reactions that occur in cells b. A form of energy c. A way of living d. The rate at which cells produce energy e. A person's typical pattern of food choices

a. The total of all chemical reactions that occur in cells

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Vitamins are partly defined by their ability to prevent a specific deficiency disorder. b. Most vitamins can be made by the human body. c. The body excretes fat-soluble vitamins more easily than water-soluble vitamins. d. Foods generally contain larger amounts of vitamins than proteins or carbohydrates. e. Vitamins supply about 2 kcal per gram.

a. Vitamins are partly defined by their ability to prevent a specific deficiency disorder.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Web sites with .edu in their addresses are likely to provide reliable nutrition information. b. Individuals with medical (MD) and research (PhD) degrees are the most reliable sources of nutrition information. c. The Internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information posted at web sites has been peer-reviewed. d. In general, personal web sites, such as blogs, are reliable sources of nutrition information. e. U.S. laws require promoters of nutrition-related products to publish information in magazine articles and books that's honest or not misleading.

a. Web sites with .edu in their addresses are likely to provide reliable nutrition information.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. When they drink the same amounts of alcohol, women tend to show the mind-altering effects of alcohol longer than men. b. A person's body size doesn't influence the rate at which he or she metabolizes alcohol. c. When they drink the same amounts of alcohol, women tend to show the mind-altering effects of alcohol longer than men. d. Women make higher amounts of an enzyme that helps metabolize alcohol, so they sober up faster than men, after drinking the same amounts of alcohol.

a. When they drink the same amounts of alcohol, women tend to show the mind-altering effects of alcohol longer than men.

Men's Journal and Family Circle may be unreliable sources of nutrition information, because Select one: a. articles in such popular magazines generally do not undergo peer-review before they are published. b. authors generally pay the editors of popular magazines to publish their nutrition articles. c. registered dietitians are usually hired to write the articles about nutrition that are published in these journals. d. the general public and public libraries subscribe to them.

a. articles in such popular magazines generally do not undergo peer-review before they are published.

Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of Select one: a. breast cancer. b. post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. c. thyroid enlargement. d. vitamin toxicity syndrome. e. low blood pressure.

a. breast cancer.

Justin's blood cholesterol level is too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should he add? Select one: a. cooked beans b. unsalted butter c. whole eggs d. chicken liver

a. cooked beans

Tim's body is shaped like a pear, because his excess body fat is distributed mostly below his waist. His body fat distribution is associated with Select one: a. fewer serious chronic health problems than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body. b. increased risk of osteoporosis, cystic fibrosis, and autoimmune diseases. c. None of these are correct because only females store fat in the pear-shaped pattern. d. increased risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. e. more nutrient deficiency diseases than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body.

a. fewer serious chronic health problems than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body.

The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are Select one: a. galactose, glucose, and fructose. b. glucose, galactose, and sucrose. c. maltose, lactose, and galactose. d. fructose, lactose, and levulose.

a. galactose, glucose, and fructose.

Four-year-old Eva was born with a rare condition characterized by the lack of mucus-producing cells in her digestive tract. Based on this information, Eva probably Select one: a. has numerous stomach ulcers. b. bruises easily. c. forms smaller than normal blood cells. d. experiences stiff and painful joints.

a. has numerous stomach ulcers.

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin C on the human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin C to one group of human subjects and pills that do not contain vitamin C or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain the vitamin are Select one: a. placebos b. treatments c. antidotes d. supplements

a. placebos

The human body needs vitamin K to Select one: a. produce blood clotting factors. b. absorb phosphorus from foods. c. make DNA. d. release the energy stored in glucose.

a. produce blood clotting factors.

During a television interview, Dr. Ima Quack provides the following statement. "Most Americans suffer from nutritional deficiency diseases and will develop cancer within the next 10 years because they are not taking my megavitamin formula therapy." Dr. Quack's statement is an example of a(n) Select one: a. scare tactic. b. biased report. c. scientific observation. d. anecdotal evidence.

a. scare tactic.

Which of the following substances is a major factor that influences a person's metabolic rate? Select one: a. thyroid hormone b. salivary amylase c. ghrelin d. parathyroid hormone e. leptin

a. thyroid hormone

Diet refers to a person's Select one: a. usual pattern of food choices b. current nutrient intake. c. current nutrient intake. d. weight loss efforts.

a. usual pattern of food choices

A chemist would like to develop butter product that includes omega-3 fatty acids and a phytochemical which may reduce the risk of heart disease. The chemist is trying to develop a(n) Select one: a. Supplement b. Functional food c. Essential nutrient d. Weight loss aid e. Balanced diet

b) Functional Food

A nutrient requirement is Select one: a. a biological need for a nutrient that has a margin of safety amount factored into the value. b. the smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a particular level of nutritional health. c. an amount of a nutrient that ensures optimal nutritional status. d. the recommended daily intake of a nutrient.

b. the smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a particular level of nutritional health.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Vegetable oils are about 25 to 50% water by weight. b. Cells produce water as a by-product of energy metabolism. c. Most of the water that enters the digestive tract is excreted in feces. d. Water and beverages comprise 100% of a person's total water intake.

b. Cells produce water as a by-product of energy metabolism.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Daily Values are nutrient recommendations that are based on the EERs for adults. b. Daily Values are dietary standards developed for food labeling purposes. c. If you do not consume 100% of the Daily Values for nutrients, you have a high risk of developing nutritional deficiency disorders. d. Daily Values have been established for each nutrient.

b. Daily Values are dietary standards developed for food labeling purposes.

Match this statement with its dimension of wellness: It is better to be aware of and accept our feelings than to deny them. Select one: a. Social b. Emotional c. Occupational d. Spiritual e. Intellectual f. Physical

b. Emotional

Mariele purchased a box of cereal that had the following claim on the label: "Eat one bowl of this cereal a day for a month, and your skin with be healthier." Mariele is skeptical about the honesty of the claim. She should report her concern about the claim to the Select one: a. Better Business Bureau. b. Food and Drug Administration. c. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. d. Federal Trade Commission.

b. Food and Drug Administration.

Which of the following microbes is associated with an increased risk of developing peptic ulcers? Select one: a. S. aureus b. H. pylori c. E. coli d. C. botulinum

b. H. pylori

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. A person who has phenylketonuria (PKU) should avoid products that contain saccharin. b. Infants should not be fed honey because it may contain botulism spores. c. Most "artificial" sweeteners have been banned by the FDA because of safety concerns. d. Sucralose provides 4 kcal/gram.

b. Infants should not be fed honey because it may contain botulism spores.

_____ is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells. Select one: a. Homeostasis b. Metabolism c. Chyme d. Digestion

b. Metabolism

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Testimonials for weight loss supplements are usually based on scientific evidence. b. Promoters of nutrition misinformation often exploit the general public's mistrust of scientists. c. In general, government (.gov) Internet web sites are not reliable sources of scientifically-based nutrition information. d. The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right of consumers to be protected from health misinformation.

b. Promoters of nutrition misinformation often exploit the general public's mistrust of scientists.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. If you do not consume 100% of the RDA for vitamin C every day, you have a high risk of developing the vitamin's deficiency disease. b. The RDA for vitamin E meets the needs of nearly all healthy persons. c. Dietitians use MyPyramid as the standard for assessing a population's nutrient adequacy. d. Dietitians use Daily Values to determine the nutritional adequacy of Americans' diets.

b. The RDA for vitamin E meets the needs of nearly all healthy persons.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The colon is the major site of nutrient absorption in the human digestive system. b. The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine. c. Lean people have a higher risk of gallstones than obese people. d. The esophagus is the muscular valve that connects the stomach to the small intestine.

b. The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.

Dennis wants to gain weight, primarily as lean tissue. In addition to performing resistance exercise regularly, he should Select one: a. supplement his diet with essential amino acids and limit his total fat intake to no more than 10% of total kilocalories. b. add nutrient-dense, healthy sources of energy to his diet, including fatty fish, whole-grain cereals, nuts, peanut butter, and olive oil. c. increase his protein intake to 60% of total energy intake, eat more complex carbohydrates, and take a multivitamin/multimineral supplement. d. avoid aerobic activities on the days he doesn't lift weights and eat about 50% of total calories from saturated fat.

b. add nutrient-dense, healthy sources of energy to his diet, including fatty fish, whole-grain cereals, nuts, peanut butter, and olive oil.

According to the "set point theory," a person's Select one: a. body weight is influenced primarily by environmental factors. b. body fat level is largely genetically determined. c. metabolic rate remains the same, regardless of environmental or physical factors. d. saturated fat intake strongly influences the rate at which he or she loses weight.

b. body fat level is largely genetically determined.

By performing exercise regularly, people can reduce their risk of Select one: a. pernicious anemia. b. cardiovascular disease. c. spina bifida. d. goiter. e. type 1 diabetes.

b. cardiovascular disease.

Melanie is a healthy 8-month-old baby who loves to eat carrots, peaches, apricots, and green beans. Recently, her skin turned yellow. Based on this information, Melanie has developed Select one: a. rickets b. carotenemia c. kidney failure d. pernicious anemia e. osteomalacia

b. carotenemia

Devon has a rare condition characterized by the lack of saliva-producing cells. Based on this information, Devon probably Select one: a. rms smaller than normal blood cells. b. has difficulty swallowing. c. bruises easily. d. experiences constipation frequently.

b. has difficulty swallowing.

Duncan's diet contains high amounts of protein and fat, but it is very low in carbohydrate. As a result of following this diet, Duncan's body forms more than normal amounts of Select one: a. glycogen stores b. ketone bodies c. beta cells d. muscle fibers

b. ketone bodies

Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of Select one: a. goiter. b. pancreatic cancer. c. chronic low blood pressure. d. heavy metal toxicity. e. fluorosis.

b. pancreatic cancer.

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2015, _____ are unhealthy and should be consumed in limited amounts. Select one: a. grilled meats b. trans-fats c. potassium-rich foods d. dietary supplements

b. trans-fats

Overweight and obese people have a greater risk of _____ than people who aren't overfat. Select one: a. low blood pressure b. type 2 diabetes c. pernicious anemia d. skin cancer e. rickets

b. type 2 diabetes

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Strawberries are an energy-dense food b. Milk, bananas, and soybeans are among the few nutritionally perfect foods for humans c. Most foods contain more than one nutrient d. Sugary baked goods are "junk" foods and should not be eaten

c) Most foods contain more than one nutrient

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Total body water does not include metabolic water. b. The liver is the major regulator of your body's water content and ion concentration. c. A healthy person's average daily total water input usually equals his or her average total daily water output. d. Vomiting or diarrhea do not alter the body's fluid balance.

c. A healthy person's average daily total water input usually equals his or her average total daily water output.

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that provides energy for humans? Select one: a. Water b. Fat c. Alcohol d. Caffeine e. Vitamin D

c. Fat

The government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the Select one: a. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). b. Agricultural Research Service (ARS). c. Federal Trade Commission (FTC). d. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

c. Federal Trade Commission (FTC).

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals? Select one: a. Hamburger b. Cheese c. Grapes d. Tuna e. Butter

c. Grapes

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. A person with a PhD has the proper training to be registered dietitian. b. A nutritionist has the same credentials as a registered dietitian. c. Physicians and medical doctors lack significant nutrition education. d. It is illegal to call yourself a nutritionist without credentials.

c. Physicians and medical doctors lack significant nutrition education.

What is the major difference between soluble and insoluble forms of fiber? Select one: a. Soluble fiber can be digested by humans, whereas insoluble fiber cannot be digested. b. Soluble fiber provides no health benefits to humans, whereas insoluble fiber reduces the risk of heart disease. c. Soluble fiber dissolves or swells in water, whereas insoluble fiber generally does not change in water. d. Soluble fiber is in animal foods, whereas insoluble fiber is in plant foods.

c. Soluble fiber dissolves or swells in water, whereas insoluble fiber generally does not change in water.

In the United States, which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. No federal regulations cover bottled water that is sold throughout the country. b. Bottled water is safer to drink than tap water c. The Environmental Protection Agency regulates the sanitation of public water supplies. d. The Food and Drug Administration permits manufacturers to add vitamins, minerals, and amino acids to their bottled water and flavored beverage products.

c. The Environmental Protection Agency regulates the sanitation of public water supplies.

A medical researcher asked 50 people with painful, arthritic knees to rub a cream that contained vitamin E on their knees for two weeks. At the end of the two weeks, she asked the subjects whether their knee pain improved, stayed about the same, or worsened during the treatment period. All 50 subjects reported improvement in their knee pain. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The researcher shouldn't report her findings, until she uses a single-blind study to test the vitamin E-containing cream. b. The researcher should find a peer-review group to analyze her findings about the vitamin E-containing cream as a treatment for knee pain. c. The results about the benefits of using a vitamin E cream for knee pain are questionable, because the researcher didn't have a control group. d. The results of this study prove that rubbing a cream that contains vitamin E on arthritic knees is a good way to relieve knee pain.

c. The results about the benefits of using a vitamin E cream for knee pain are questionable, because the researcher didn't have a control group.

An Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the Select one: a. range of intake for a particular nutrient that is not likely to cause toxicity or deficiency. b. minimum amount of a nutrient that prevents the nutrient's deficiency disease in 98% of the population. c. amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population d. optimal amount of a nutrient that 100% of the population can safely consume daily.

c. amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population

The _____ is a numerical value that's based on the relationship between weight and risk of chronic health problems associated with excess body fat. Select one: a. waist/hip ratio b. skinfold thickness c. body mass index d. basal metabolic rate

c. body mass index

Glycogen is the Select one: a. polysaccharide made by plants that provides structural support for leaves and stems. b. simple sugar in grapes, carrots, and honey that the body converts to fat. c. carbohydrate that is stored in liver and muscle tissue. d. nonnutritive sweetener that can replace high-fructose corn syrup in baked products.

c. carbohydrate that is stored in liver and muscle tissue.

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system? Select one: a. gallbladder b. pancreas c. colon d. liver

c. colon

According to Cleo's physician, her blood cholesterol level is too high. Which of the following foods can Cleo add to her diet to help lower her cholesterol? Select one: a. honey b. white rice c. cooked oatmeal d. fat-free milk

c. cooked oatmeal

Which of the following groups of foods are sources of starch? Select one: a. beef, seafood, and chicken b. egg whites, fat-free milk, and honey c. corn, potatoes, and rice d. liver, apples, and cheese

c. corn, potatoes, and rice

The liver can convert _____ into glucose that can be released into the bloodstream or stored as glycogen. Select one: a. ATP b. vitamin D c. lactate d. fatty acids e. ketones

c. lactate

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter Select one: a. the duodenal ampulla. b. chyme. c. lacteals within the villi. d. special cells lining the hepatic portal vein.

c. lacteals within the villi.

The _____ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and electrolytes from chyme. Select one: a. gallbladder b. pyloric valve c. large intestine d. lower stomach

c. large intestine

Theresa is concerned that her 10-year-old son may have type 1 diabetes. Which of the following conditions is a typical sign or symptom of this form of diabetes? Select one: a. having a fasting blood glucose level of 90 mg/dl b. urinating less frequently than usual c. losing weight despite increased appetite d. gaining an unexpected amount of weight

c. losing weight despite increased appetite

Paisley usually has four bowel movements each week. Based on this information, Paisley should Select one: a. take a gentle laxative so she has at least one bowel movement daily. b. avoid eating peppermint and dark chocolate because these foods can worsen constipation. c. not worry, because she is not constipated. d. increase her intake of high-fiber foods and fiber wafers to relieve her chronic constipation.

c. not worry, because she is not constipated.

Kayla was a participant in a clinical study to determine how much vitamin C cures scurvy, the vitamin's deficiency disease. During the study, Kayla consumed only a formula diet that was nutritionally complete, except it did not contain vitamin C. Within a few weeks, Kayla developed scurvy. At that point, researchers gave 2 mg vitamin C to Kayla each day for a week, but her signs and symptoms of scurvy remained. In the weeks that followed, the scientists continued to increase Kayla's intake of the vitamin by 2 mg/week. After a week of taking 10 mg of vitamin C/day, Kayla reported feeling much better. Based on this information, the researchers concluded that Kayla's Select one: a. AI for vitamin C was 100 mg, which was 10 times the amount that cured her case of scurvy. b. EER for vitamin C was about 10 mg c. requirement for vitamin C was 10 mg. d. RDA for vitamin C was 10 mg, plus 15 mg as a margin of safety.

c. requirement for vitamin C was 10 mg.

Chyme is the Select one: a. large particle that transports lipids throughout the bloodstream. b. organelle that maintains fluid balance within intestinal cells. c. semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach. d. material absorbed by lacteals that the liver must detoxify and excrete.

c. semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach.

The _____ is the primary site for vitamin absorption in the body. Select one: a. large intestine b. pancreas c. small intestine d. stomach e. gall bladder

c. small intestine

The lining of the small intestine is covered with _____, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food. Select one: a. rugae b. lacteals c. villi d. haustra

c. villi

Yesterday, Jenny ran in a marathon race. While she ran, she drank several large cups of water at water stations along the race course. At the end of the race, she experienced difficulty making it to the finish line. She was confused, and she complained of having a headache and feeling dizzy. Based on this information, Jenny was probably suffering from Select one: a. kidney failure. b. heat cramps. c. water intoxication. d. brain cancer.

c. water intoxication.

Match this statement with its dimension of wellness: It is better to consume foods and beverages that enhance good health rather than those which impair it. Select one: a. Social b. Emotional c. Spiritual d. Physical e. Occupational f. Intellectual

d) Physical

A serving of food contains 25 g carbohydrate, 10 g protein, and 1 g fat, 5 mg iron, and 20 mg vitamin C. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies Select one: a. 212 kcal b. 456 kcal c. 335 kcal d. 149 kcal

d. 149 kcal

In 2009 to 2010, about _____ % of Americans who were 20 years of age and older were obese. Select one: a. 48 b. 16 c. 24 d. 36

d. 36%

_____ is the primary source of direct energy for cells. Select one: a. All macronutrients b. Protein c. Glucose d. ATP e. Fat

d. ATP

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. You can't consider household chores as forms of physical activity because of the low-intensity level of the activities. b. Walking, bowling and playing golf are forms of vigorous-intensity physical activity. c. If you can't have a conversation with your friends while exercising, you're working your large muscle groups at a moderate-intensity level. d. Aerobic exercise involves rhythmic, sustained contractions of large muscle groups.

d. Aerobic exercise involves rhythmic, sustained contractions of large muscle groups.

Which of the following menu items has ingredients that represent four different MyPlate food groups? Select one: a. Ready-to-eat cereal with strawberries, blueberries, and fat-free milk b. Smoothie made with vanilla yogurt, fat-free milk, orange juice, wheat germ, and fresh peaches c. Toasted cheese sandwich made with American cheese, Swiss cheese, and two slices of buttered whole-wheat bread d. Casserole made with canned tuna, green onions, noodles, and cheddar cheese

d. Casserole made with canned tuna, green onions, noodles, and cheddar cheese

A serving of food supplies 25 g carbohydrate, 20 g fat, 20 g protein, and 100 g water. Which of the following statements is true about a serving of the food? Select one: a. Water provides the most food energy b. Protein provides about 50% of total calories c. Carbohydrate provides the most food energy d. Fat provides the most food energy

d. Fat provides the most food energy

Which of the following foods is a source of phytochemicals? Select one: a. Lean meat b. Fat-free milk c. Raw egg whites d. Fresh blueberries

d. Fresh blueberries

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. A person's body water content increases with increasing age. b. Water comprises approximately 25% of lean muscle tissue. c. About 30% of an average person's body is water. d. Healthy young women have slightly less body water than healthy young men.

d. Healthy young women have slightly less body water than healthy young men.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Beans are a good source of galactose. b. Sweetened soft drinks are a good source of lactose. c. An egg is a rich source of carbohydrate. d. Honey is a rich source of fructose.

d. Honey is a rich source of fructose.

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins? Select one: a. The body has higher requirements for fat-soluble vitamins. b. The body has higher requirements for water-soluble vitamins. c. In general, water-soluble vitamins are more likely to be stored in the body than fat-soluble vitamins. d. In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.

d. In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. A thick layer of muscle tissue protects the lining of the stomach. b. The lower gastroesophageal sphincter prevents chyme from entering the small intestine. c. The sense of taste contributes to the sense of smell. d. Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach.

d. Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. In the United States, only registered dietitians are legally allowed to provide nutrition information. b. You can ask your personal physician for nutrition advice, because physicians have the same training as registered dietitians. c. Registered dietitians are not required to maintain their certification through continuing education. d. The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution often protects people who spread nutrition misinformation.

d. The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution often protects people who spread nutrition misinformation.

_____ are fat-soluble vitamins. Select one: a. Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin b. Vitamins B-12, B-6, and E c. Vitamins A, C, and D d. Vitamins K, E, and D e. Pantothenic acid, vitamin A, and choline

d. Vitamins K, E, and D

Derek consumes a protein-rich drink before and after his workouts. He told his workout partner that he became 200% stronger within a couple of months after he added the drink to his diet. His report about the positive effects of the special drink is an example of a(an) Select one: a. testimonial b. peer review c. scientific conclusion d. anecdote

d. anecdote

Which of the following substances enhances fat-soluble vitamin absorption in the small intestine? Select one: a. pancreatic amylase b. pepsin c. hydrochloric acid d. bile

d. bile

Consuela is an overweight young woman who wants to lose 10 pounds in 10 weeks. The most reliable and safe way for her to lose this weight is to Select one: a. increase her daily vitamin D intake. b. increase her protein-rich food intake. c. decrease her physical activity. d. decrease her usual energy intake by 500 kcal/day. e. begin taking a supplement to blunt her appetite and increase her basal metabolic rate.

d. decrease her usual energy intake by 500 kcal/day.

Anna has type 1 diabetes and gives herself insulin injections to help manage her blood glucose level. One afternoon, Anna tested her blood and discovered that her blood glucose level was 88 mg/dl. Based on this information, Anna should Select one: a. give herself an extra injection of insulin. b. consume candy or fruit juice to increase her blood glucose level. c. do not eat anything for the next 5 hours, which provides time for her blood glucose level to drop to normal naturally. d. do nothing to intervene, because her blood glucose level is normal.

d. do nothing to intervene, because her blood glucose level is normal.

Mike likes to drink a commercially prepared chocolate milk. According to the label, the flavored milk contains 2% milk, water, high-fructose corn syrup, evaporated cane juice, saccharin, and natural vanilla flavoring. The sources of carbohydrate in this beverage are Select one: a. high-fructose corn syrup, water, and evaporated cane juice. b. high-fructose corn syrup, evaporated cane juice, and saccharin. c. 2% milk, saccharin, and natural vanilla flavoring. d. evaporated cane juice, 2% milk, and high-fructose corn syrup.

d. evaporated cane juice, 2% milk, and high-fructose corn syrup.

Paige is 6-weeks pregnant. Although Paige drank alcohol before she became pregnant, she refuses to drink any alcohol now, because she does not want to have a baby born with Select one: a. hepatitis. b. cirrhotic liver disease. c. pancreatic cancer. d. fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. e. heart disease.

d. fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.

Marcia's BMI is 24.2. Based on this information, her weight is in the _____ range. Select one: a. underweight b. morbid obese c. obese d. healthy e. overweight

d. healthy

According to scientific evidence, which of the following actions can help reduce a person's risk of type 2 diabetes? Select one: a. drinking two servings of alcohol daily b. reducing intake of dietary carbohydrates c. smoking less than two packs of cigarettes per week d. losing excess body fat

d. losing excess body fat

Which of the following conditions or behaviors is a characteristic sign of a person with anorexia nervosa? Select one: a. consuming excessive doses of dietary supplements daily b. overeating in social situations c. purging excessive caloric intake by inducing vomiting for over-exercising d. maintaining a body weight that's 15% or more below the normal weight for his or her height e. having a metabolic rate that's 10 to 25% above normal

d. maintaining a body weight that's 15% or more below the normal weight for his or her height

Food guides classify _____ with oils. Select one: a. ice cream b. hard-boiled eggs c. American cheese d. mayonnaise

d. mayonnaise

An essential nutrient Select one: a. is necessary for proper vitamin and mineral utilization b. is made by your body c. is only in foods from animal sources d. must be supplied by your diet

d. must be supplied by your diet

When following recipes, Candice wants to use fats that are not solid fats. Which of the following fats should she use? Select one: a. shortening b. unsalted butter c. lard d. safflower oil

d. safflower oil

If your diet supplies more glucose than you need, the excess can be Select one: a. unabsorbed by the digestive tract and eliminated in bowel movements. b. converted to proteins that are metabolized for energy. c. metabolized to form ketone bodies and excreted by the kidneys. d. stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles.

d. stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles.

Alicia has PKU. She would like to sweeten her iced tea with a substance that provides 0 kcal/g. Based on this information, which of the following sweeteners supplies 0 kcal/g and is safe for her to use? Select one: a. aspartame b. xylitol c. sucrose d. sucralose

d. sucralose

During the past two months, Theresa has had intestinal pain after eating and diarrhea, and she's noticed blood in her feces. Additionally, she's lost about 10 pounds. Based on this information, Theresa should be tested for Select one: a. gastroesophageal reflux disease. b. gallstones. c. irritable bowel syndrome. d. ulcerative colitis.

d. ulcerative colitis.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. An average woman has a higher metabolic rate than an average man. b. The aging process causes muscle cells to become fat cells. c. Inactivity causes muscle cells to become fat cells. d. Fat cells require more energy to function than muscle cells. e. As people grow older, their metabolic rates decline.

e. As people grow older, their metabolic rates decline.

Which of the following is a provitamin or precursor for vitamin A? Select one: a. Retinol b. Alpha-tocopherol c. Vitamin K1 d. Biotin e. Beta-carotene

e. Beta-carotene

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Amino acids are a major source of energy for contracting muscles. b. ATP is broken down into lactic acid during aerobic exercise. c. Glucose is the primary fuel for resting muscles. d. Compared to a glucose molecule, a fatty acid molecule has more oxygen atoms in relation to carbon atoms. e. During high-intensity exercise, muscle cells burn more glucose than fat for energy.

e. During high-intensity exercise, muscle cells burn more glucose than fat for energy.

The six dimensions of wellness are thought to be: Select one: a. Independent such that optimal well-being can be achieved even without achieving wellness in all dimensions. I b. Inadequate as it doesn't include nutrition or physical fitness. c. An outdated an invalidated model of wellness. d. Illustrated as a model resembling a pizza because pizza is a metaphor for life. e. Interconnected such that all dimensions much be optimaized to achieve complete wellness.

e. Interconnected such that all dimensions much be optimaized to achieve complete wellness.

While in class, Barry can't seem to sit still. He constantly taps his feet on the floor and frequently shifts his position. The energy Barry uses for these movements is classified as Select one: a. basal metabolism. b. resting metabolism. c. hydrothermic exercise calorimetrics. d. thermic effect of food. e. NEAT.

e. NEAT.

Wendy is a 17-year-old world class gymnast who suffers from female athlete triad. Based on this information, she has Select one: a. high bone density. b. metabolic syndrome. c. Hyperparathyroidism d. type 1 diabetes. e. abnormal menstrual cycles.

e. abnormal menstrual cycles.

The plastic that's used to make water bottles may contain Select one: a. vanadium. b. mercury. c. fluorides. d. electrolytes. e. bisphenol A.

e. bisphenol A.

Which of the following foods contains the least water by weight? Select one: a. leaf lettuce b. whole-wheat bread c. chicken breast d. apple with skin e. corn oil

e. corn oil

In their efforts to avoid regaining the weight they have lost, members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to Select one: a. eat very low carbohydrate diets. b. weigh themselves only once a month. c. eat high-protein diets. d. skip meals, especially breakfast. e. exercise for at least 60 minutes daily.

e. exercise for at least 60 minutes daily.

The _____ play a major role in regulating the body's fluid balance. Select one: a. salivary glands b. tonsils c. parathyroid glands d. thyroid gland e. kidneys

e. kidneys

Adipose cells function to Select one: a. only store fat. b. store glucose and alter body functions through hypertrophy. c. None of these answers are fully correct. d. store glucose and fat. e. store fat and alter body functions through adipokines.

e. store fat and alter body functions through adipokines.

Dietitians recommend feeding babies

only breast milk to babies until they are 6 months of age

Which of the following is likely to be a source of salmonella.? Raw Chicken Peanut butter Honey Canned Applesauce Oatmeal

raw chicken

Conventional farming has a high risk for creating environmental problems. Some potential solutions to help solve problems include

relying more on growing pest resistant crops and using other integrated post management techniques