Nutrition Final Exam

According to Adequate Intake recommendations, the total water intake for healthy young women is approximately ______ cups/day. a) 11.0 b) 15.5 c) 25.5 d) 18.0

11

When Zeke measured his blood pressure, it was in the elevated range. His blood pressure was _____. a) 65/120 mm Hg b) 135/78 mm Hg c) 110/69 mm Hg d) 125/78 mm Hg

125/78 mm Hg

Markus is a 22-year-old man who has a healthy percentage of body fat. Based on this information, about _____ of his body is fat. a) 25% b) 45% c) 15% d) 35%

15%

According to Adequate Intake recommendations, the total water intake for healthy young men is approximately ______ cups/day. a) 15.5 b) 25.5 c) 4 to 6.5 d) 18 to 20.5

15.5

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, healthy people should limit their sodium intake to less than ______ per day. a) 2300 mg b) 3000 mg c) 10 mg d) 150 mg

2300 mg

Martha wants to follow the Dietary Guidelines recommendations for saturated fat intake. She currently consumes a diet that supplies 2400 kcal per day. To meet the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines, she should limit her saturated fat intake to less than ____ grams per day. a) 40 b) 30 c) 20 d) 27

27 g (2400 kcal * 0.10)/ 9 kcal/g

Jason is an endurance athlete training for a triathlon. While he's in training, he wants to follow the Dietary Guidelines recommendations for saturated fat intake. His current diet supplies 3300 kcal per day. To meet the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines, he should limit his saturated fat intake to less than ____ grams per day. a) 40 b) 35 c) 43 d) 37

37 (3300 kcal * 0.10) / 9 kcal/g

In 2015-2016, almost _____ % of Americans who were 20 years of age and older were obese. a) 20 b) 30 c) 40 d) 50

40

Max is a healthy young man. Based on this information, water makes up about _____% of his body's weight. a) 75 to 80 b) 35 to 40 c) 55 to 60 d) 15 to 20

55 to 60

Barry is a healthy 20-year-old man who isn't an athlete. Barry weighs 70 kg. Based on this information, his RDA for protein is _____ grams. a) 30 b) 40 c) 56 d) 46

56

Sarah is a healthy 24-year-old woman who isn't an athlete. She is 5' 11" and weighs 187 pounds. Based on this information, her RDA for protein is _____ grams. a) 68 b) 65 c) 72 d) 63

68

An athlete who is in training and weighs 70 kg should consume _____ g of protein, which includes some high-quality protein, daily. a) 97.5 b) 60.0 c) 82.5 d) 77.0

77.0

Luis is a healthy 23-year-old male who isn't an athlete. Luis is 6' 3" and weighs 235 pounds. Based on this information, his RDA for protein is about ____ grams. a) 86 b) 96 c) 80 d) 90

86

Which of the following statements is true? a) Over two-thirds of adult Americans have hypertension. b) A blood pressure reading of 116/67 mm Hg is within the normal range c) The risk of developing hypertension decreases as a person grows older. d) "Deli" meats, such as bologna and ham, are rich sources of potassium and poor sources of sodium.

A blood pressure reading of 116/67 mm Hg is within the normal range

Which of the following statements is true? a) A person can reduce his or her metabolic rate by eating a very-low-calorie diet b) The average woman has a higher metabolic rate than the average man. c) Fat tissue is more metabolically active than muscle tissue. d) As the typical person ages, his or her metabolic rate increases slightly.

A person can reduce his or her metabolic rate by eating a very-lower-calorie diet

Which of the following women has the highest risk of developing osteoporosis? a) A tall 35-year-old African-American woman who consumes 3 cups of dairy products daily. b) A 30-year-old Hispanic-American woman who plays basketball 5 days a week. c) A 40-year-old white woman who has a large body frame and plays singles tennis twice a week. d) A sedentary white female college student who smokes cigarettes

A sedentary white female college student who smokes cigarettes

Hank is a body builder who takes a variety of vitamin and mineral supplements. He often has diarrhea, and last week he was diagnosed with a kidney stone. Based on this information, which of his supplements is most likely contributing to his current health problems? a) B-12 b) B-6 c) C d) Thiamin

C

Which of the following statements is false? a) Women generally have the highest risk of osteoporosis after menopause. b) Physical activities such as jumping rope, walking, and jogging help keep bones strong. c) People who have large body frames have a higher risk of osteoporosis than people who have small body frames d) People with Asian ancestry have a higher risk of osteoporosis than people with African ancestry.

People who have large body frames have a higher risk of osteoporosis than people who have small body frames

Which of the following menu items contains complementary protein? a) Pita bread dipped in mashed chickpeas b) Peanut butter spread on raw apple slices c) Kidney beans mixed with green beans and fresh tomatoes d) Whole-wheat crackers spread with butter and grape jelly

Pita bread dipped in mashed chickpeas

Which of the following groups of minerals are major minerals? a) Calcium, phosphorus, and zinc b) Potassium, magnesium, and sodium c) Iron, fluoride, and selenium d) Sodium, copper, and potassium

Potassium, magnesium, and sodium

You would like to make chicken soup for a friend who has celiac disease. To make the soup according to the recipe, you need to cook chicken, celery, onions, barley, salt, pepper, bay leaf, and carrots in a large amount of water. Based on this information, how can you make the soup safe for your friend to eat? a) Replace the barley with rice b) Add cooked egg noodles. c) Use a chicken-flavored bouillon cube instead of salt. d) Don't add the bay leaf.

Replace the barley with rice

You would like to serve tacos for a friend who has celiac disease. To make the tacos, you need cooked chicken; canned salsa made with tomatoes, onions, and peppers; leaf lettuce; shredded Cheddar cheese; and flour tortillas. Based on this information, how can you make the tacos safe for your friend to eat? a) Use homemade salsa instead of canned salsa. b) Replace the leaf lettuce with baby spinach leaves. c) Replace the flour tortillas with cornmeal tortillas d) Use shredded mozzarella cheese instead of Cheddar cheese.

Replace the flour tortillas with cornmeal tortillas

_____ is added to refined grain products as part of the grain enrichment program. a) Vitamin B-6 b) Pantothenic acid c) Riboflavin d) Vitamin D

Riboflavin

Which of the following menu items substitutes for meat because it provides adequate amounts of all essential amino acids? a) Whole-grain bagel with cream cheese b) Toasted cheese sandwich c) Steamed broccoli with rice d) Fresh pecans dipped in maple syrup

Toasted cheese sandwich

_____ fat is located deep within the abdominal region and protects digestive organs. a) Cellulite b) Bariatric c) Subcutaneous d) Visceral

Visceral

_______ are fat-soluble vitamins. a) Vitamins K, E, and D b) Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin c) Pantothenic acid, vitamin A, and choline d) Vitamins B-12, B-6, and E

Vitamins K, E, and D

Which of the following statements is true? a) Women make higher amounts of an enzyme that helps metabolize alcohol, so they sober up faster than men, after drinking the same amounts of alcohol. b) When they drink the same amounts of alcohol, women tend to show the mind-altering effects of alcohol longer than men c) Consuming food along with alcohol-containing beverages increases the rate at which the digestive tract absorbs the alcohol. d) A person's body size doesn't influence the rate at which he or she metabolizes alcohol.

When they drink the same amounts of alcohol, women tend to show the mind-altering effects of alcohol longer than men.

Which of the following menu items contains complementary protein? a) Whole-wheat bagel spread with soy nut butter b) Cooked peas and soybeans c) Banana, apple, and grapefruit slices in a mixed fruit salad d) Kidney and green beans in apple cider vinegar

Whole-wheat bagel spread with soy nut butter

Which of the following statements is false? a) Bones store calcium and can release the mineral when it's needed. b) Efforts to reduce the risk of osteoporosis should begin early in life. c) Calcium is needed for muscle contraction and blood clot formation. d) Women generally have the highest risk of osteoporosis before menopause

Women generally have the highest risk of osteoporosis before menopause.

Which of the following substances doesn't have FDA approval for use as a prescribed weight-loss medication? a) Orlistat b) Contrave c) Yohimbe d) Saxenda

Yohimbe

Which of the following statements about dietary minerals is true? a) In their natural forms, most foods are poor sources of minerals. b) A person's daily needs for essential often change as he or she grows or enters a new life stage c) Typical cooking methods destroy up to 75% of a food's mineral contents. d) Most cells can metabolize minerals for energy.

a person's daily needs for essential often change as he or she grows or enters a new life stage

Glenda is a 17-year-old world-class gymnast who suffers from the female athlete triad. Based on this information, she has _______. a) high bone density b) metabolic syndrome c) type 1 diabetes d) abnormal menstrual cycles

abnormal menstrual cycles

Carlos would like to follow recommendations that would reduce his risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Based on this information, Carlos should ______. a) become more physically active b) reduce his intake of soluble fiber c) smoke no more than a pack of cigarettes daily d) consume more saturated fat

become more physically active

Which of the following foods is the richest source of saturated fat? a) olive oil b) pork fat c) peanut oil d) beef fat

beef fat

Which of the following foods contains the most cholesterol per serving? a) egg noodles b) beef liver c) hot dog d) soy milk beverage

beef liver

Risk factors for eating disorders include ___. a) being an adult male b) being overly concerned about one's body shape c) living in a rural community d) having a job in the fast-food industry

being overly concerned about one's body shape

Yellow, dark green, red, and orange fruits and vegetables are rich sources of _______. a) collagen b) vitamin D c) beta-carotene d) free radical

beta-carotene

This week, Ron has decided to change his usual muscle strengthening exercise with a new one. Which of the following activities should he choose because it's generally classified as a strength exercise? a) stair stepping b) bicep curls c) trace walking d) static stretching

bicep curls

Which of the following substances enhances the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins in the small intestine? a) pancreatic amylase b) bile c) hydrochloric acid d) pepsin

bile

Which of the following substances emulsifies lipids during digestion? a) pancreatic lipase b) bile salts c) salivary amylase d) soluble fiber

bile salts

Jade's BMI is 42.3. She is disgusted with herself because she eats excessive amounts of food, even when she's not hungry. However, the idea of purging to eliminate the calories doesn't appeal to her. Based on this information, Jade has _______. a) anorexia nervosa b) bulimia nervosa c) disordered eating d) binge-eating disorder

binge-eating disorder

The human body can absorb some _____ that's made by intestinal bacteria. a) riboflavin b) vitamin C c) biotin d) beta-carotene

biotin

Don't buy used plastic food storage, water bottles, or baby bottles, because older forms of plastic may contain ______. a) electrolytes b) vanadium c) bisphenol A d) fluorides

bisphenol A

Corey's diet is low in chromium. As a result of his diet, his ______ level is higher than normal. a) thyroid hormone b) stomach acid c) hemoglobin d) blood glucose

blood glucose

The _____ is a numerical value that's based on the relationship between weight and risk of chronic health problems associated with excess body fat. a) basal metabolic rate b) body mass index c) waist/hip ratio d) maximal skinfold thickness

body mass index

Conditions associated with the female athlete triad include _______. a) tears and bleeding of the esophagus b) bone mineral irregularities c) tooth decay d) metabolic syndrome

bone mineral irregularities

According to scientific evidence, which of the following substances may benefit muscle recovery after intense exercise? a) Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate b) Ginseng c) Coenzyme Q10 d) branched-chain amino acids

branched chain amino acids

Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of ______. a) vitamin toxicity syndrome b) thyroid enlargement c) low blood pressure d) breast cancer

breast cancer

People who exercise regularly can reduce their risk of _______. a) breast cancer b) goiter c) type 1 diabetes d) anemia

breast cancer

Basal metabolism includes energy needs for _______. a) digesting food b) performing physical activity c) breathing d) fidgeting while studying

breathing

Which of the following foods is a natural source of trans fat? a) palm oil b) egg yolk c) soybean oil d) butter

butter

Carter wants to lower his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, he should limit his intake of _______. a) butter and beef b) fruit juices c) nuts and seeds d) whole-grain products

butter and beef

Alan loves to eat canned salmon and sardines, even though the fish have tiny bones in them. These fish are good sources of _______. a) folate b) magnesium c) vitamin C d) calcium

calcium

Which of the following minerals is necessary for proper muscle contraction? a) calcium b) cesium c) aluminum d) selenium

calcium

Excessive vitamin D intakes can result in ___. a) increased absorption of dietary iron b) no particular health problems, because the vitamin is rapidly excreted in urine c) decreased metabolism of vitamin B-12 d) calcium deposits in the kidneys

calcium deposits in the kidneys

Theo adds _____ to his salad to increase his intake of omega-3 fatty acids. a) canned tuna b) cheddar cheese c) pineapple chunks d) sunflower seeds

canned tuna

Which of the following foods contains the least water by weight? a) canola oil b) apple with skin c) whole-wheat bread d) leaf lettuce

canola oil

By performing exercise regularly, people can reduce their risk of _______. a) type 1 diabetes b) spina bifida c) cardiovascular disease d) pernicious anemia

cardiovascular disease

Fred's BMI is 32.4, his waist circumference is 44 inches, and his hip circumference is 40 inches. Based on this information, he has a higher than average risk of _______. a) pernicious anemia b) cardiovascular disease (CVD) c) ulcerative colitis d) elevated HDL cholesterol

cardiovascular disease (CVD)

Which of the following foods are not usually associated with food allergy? a) wheat and shellfish b) carrots and celery c) peanuts and other nuts d) fish and shellfish

carrots and celery

If extracellular water has an excess of sodium ions, ___. a) sodium ions move into cells b) excess zinc and fluoride ions are eliminated in feces c) cells lose intracellular fluid and shrink d) the body uses the sodium ions for energy

cells lose intracellular fluid and shrink

Fred is a lactovegetarian. Which of the following foods does he eat? a) eggs b) chicken c) cheese d) fish

cheese

Which of the following foods naturally contains cholesterol? a) broccoli b) oranges c) peanuts d) chicken

chicken

Chylomicrons transport _______. a) bile b) cholesterol c) iron d) vitamin C

cholesterol

___ helps insulin enter cells. a) chromium b) boron c) calcium d) selenium

chromium

Which of the following foods is a rich source of saturated fat, but it doesn't contain cholesterol? a) coconut oil b) whole milk c) hamburger patty d) unsalted butter

coconut oil

Which of the following foods is the richest source of saturated fat? a) coconut oil b) palm oil c) butter fat d) chicken fat

coconut oil

Including exercise in your daily routine can reduce your risk of _______. a) colon cancer b) type 1 diabetes c) anemia d) ulcerative colitis

colon cancer

Obese people are more likely to develop _____ than people who aren't obese. a) iron-deficiency anemia b) cretinism c) colon cancer d) elevated HDL cholesterol

colon cancer

Jasmine's 3-year-old son can't walk because he was born with spina bifida. To reduce the chances that her next baby is born with a neural tube defect, Jasmine should _______. a) consume green leafy vegetables, drink orange juice, and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant b) take pantothenic acid, B-6, and B-12 supplements before getting pregnant c) eat at least 3 ounces of fatty fish three times a week, take vitamin A and D supplements and drink more fat-free milk during the first three months of pregnancy d) take iron, zinc, and magnesium supplements during the first month of pregnancy, then eat more whole-grain breads and cereals for the remaining months of pregnancy

consume green leafy vegetables, drink orange juice, and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant

Which of the following foods is a poor source of protein? a) roasted pecans b) sunflower seeds c) plain yogurt d) cooked spinach

cooked spinach

When he prepares food, Wilson wants to use a product that is a rich source of unsaturated fat and contains little or no trans fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats or oils should he select? a) Partially hydrogenated oil b) Coconut oil c) Unsalted butter d) Corn oil

corn oil

You would like to bake a special birthday cake for a friend who has celiac disease. The original cake recipe is made with whole eggs, wheat flour, milk, sugar, vanilla, and butter. To make a cake that is safe for your friend to consume, you plan to substitute ______ for the ______ in the recipe. a) water; milk b) margarine; butter c) cornmeal; flour d) aspartame; sugar

cornmeal; flour

Which of the following substances may improve the performance of weightlifters but not the performance of endurance athletes? a) calcium pyruvate b) vitamin E c) chromium d) creatine

creatine

Which of the following aren't a good source of vitamin E? a) dairy products b) sunflower seeds c) almonds d) vegetable oils

dairy products

_____ is a weight-bearing physical activity that helps maintain good bone health. a) dancing b) sitting c) swimming d) sleeping

dancing

Trisha is an overweight young woman who wants to lose 10 pounds in 10 weeks. The most reliable and safe way for her to lose this weight is to ______. a) decrease her usual energy intake b) decrease her physical activity c) increase her protein-rich food intake d) increase her daily vitamin D intake

decrease her usual energy intake

The "4 Ds of pellagra" are _______. a) double vision, diabetes, dyslexia, and death b) dehydration, diabetic nerve disease, dizziness, and death c) dementia, dermatitis, diarrhea, and death d) dysplasia, deep vein thrombosis, diverticulitis, and death

dementia, dermatitis, diarrhea, and death

Since he was a 2-year-old, Benny has been drinking well water that contains a high amount of fluoride. Based on this information, you would expect Benny to have _______. a) hair loss b) type 1 diabetes c) dental fluorosis d) iron-deficiency anemia

dental fluorosis

Lucinda usually consumes about 1800 kcal/day. On average, her fat intake is approximately 80 g/day. Based on this information, Lucinda's _____. a) fat intake meets the RDA for essential fatty acids b) fat intake is within the AMDR c) diet doesn't supply enough essential fatty acids d) diet contains too much fat

diet contains too much fat

In the human body, water is involved in the ___. a) regulation of energy metabolism b) storage of water-soluble wastes c) protection of cell membranes from free radical damage d) digestion of food

digestion of food

Young women who _____ have higher risk of developing osteoporosis than young women who don't have this characteristic. a) have African-American ancestry b) exercise regularly c) consume fluoridated water d) drink three alcoholic beverages daily

drink three alcoholic beverages daily

A good way to reduce your risk of cancer is to _______. a) eat a variety of fruits and vegetables daily b) take dietary supplements that contain vitamins C and E c) eat red and processed meats at least 3 times per week d) consume a high glycemic diet

eat a variety of fruits and vegetables daily

Nick wants to lower his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, he should _______. a) increase his intake of trans fat b) eat more whole-grain products c) switch from drinking fat-free milk to whole milk d) limit his intake of nuts and seeds

eat more whole-grain products

Which of the following foods is a high-protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal proteins? a) watermelon b) american cheese c) edamame (soybeans) d) carrots

edamame (soybeans)

Bryce is an ovovegetarian. Based on this information, Bryce will eat _______. a) fried chicken b) baked fish c) egg salad d) cheese cubes

egg salad

Which of the following foods is a rich source of lecithin? a) ripe tomato b) organic sweet potato c) fat-free milk d) egg yolk

egg yolk

Rodrigo is making pancake batter. When he added corn oil, fat-free milk, baking powder, and salt together, the oil and milk separated into two layers. To make a mixture that doesn't separate into oily and watery components, he should add _____ and stir the ingredients together. a) cream b) sugar c) juice d) eggs

eggs

Which of the following foods is often responsible for causing an allergic response in susceptible persons? a) broccoli b) green beans c) oatmeal d) eggs

eggs

Plant-based diets, especially vegan diets, may not supply enough ______ to meet a child's needs. a) energy b) fiber c) vitamin C d) magnesium

energy

People who suffer from anorexia nervosa typically ___. a) hide their excessive food intake from others b) engage in self-induced vomiting c) avoid abusing laxatives d) die soon after beginning treatment

engage in self-induced vomiting

Parathyroid hormone ___. a) signals bone cells to take up calcium from the bloodstream b) enables glucose to enter cells c) enhances the body's ability to absorb and retain calcium d) increases the body's rate of potassium excretion

enhances the body's ability to absorb and retain calcium

Rashid was a subject in a clinical study that was designed to determine the effects of certain diets on health. While participating in the study, he had to live in a special medical unit at the university hospital. He wasn't permitted to eat anything other than the synthetic formula diet provided by the researchers. The formula contained vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, animal protein, purified water, and corn starch. Within a few weeks, Rashid developed patches of scaly skin on his arms and legs and bald spots on his head. When _______ were added to his formula, the signs of the nutritional deficiency disappeared. a) partially hydrogenated oils b) simple carbohydrates c) steroid horomones d) essential fatty acids

essential fatty acids

Which of the following substances is a hormone needed for normal bone development and maintenance? a) glucagon b) alanine c) insulin d) estrogen

estrogen

Consuming too much protein may lead to _______. a) increased risk of coronary artery disease b) stroke c) arthritis d) excess loss of calcium in urine

excess loss of calcium in urine

People who suffer from anorexia nervosa typically ___. a) want to gain weight b) die soon after beginning treatment c) exercise excessively d) have positive self-esteem

exercise excessively

In their efforts to avoid regaining the weight they have lost, members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to ___. a) skip meals, especially breakfast b) eat high-protein diets c) weigh themselves only once a month d) exercise for at least 60 minutes daily

exercise for at least 60 minutes daily

While Joshua was at a party, he drank too much alcohol. The following morning, he had a headache and his mouth felt very dry. Based on this information, Joshua may have been ______. a) suffering from ion overload syndrome b) experiencing dehydration c) experiencing delayed alcohol metabolism disorder d) suffering from acute alcoholism

experiencing dehydration

Bonita has a metabolic condition that upsets her body's hydration status. Her cells have difficulty removing excess ions from intracellular fluid. As a result of this condition, _______. a) she is at high risk for type 1 diabetes b) her cells die from a lack of intracellular fluid c) excess calcium and magnesium ions enter her bloodstream d) extracellular fluid moves into her cells, causing them to swell

extracellular fluid moves into her cells, causing them to swell

Most lipids have ___ in their chemical structures. a) phospholipid units b) fatty acids c) nitrogen atoms d) glucose molecules

fatty acids

Boris has a disease that interferes with the production of lipase in his pancreas. A major sign of this disease is (are) _______. a) scurvy b) fatty stools c) anemia d) stomach ulcers

fatty stools

Tyrone's body is shaped like a pear, because his excess body fat is distributed mostly below his waist. His body fat distribution is associated with _______. a) increased risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease b) increased risk of osteoporosis, cystic fibrosis, and autoimmune diseases c) fewer serious chronic health problems than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body d) More nutrient deficiency diseases than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body

fewer serious chronic health problems than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body

June wants to add _____ to her salad, because the food is a source of omega-3 fats. a) flaxseeds b) strawberries c) shredded cheese d) bread cubes

flaxseeds

Jafari has a disease that causes her kidneys to eliminate protein in her urine. A sign of this disease is edema. Based on this information, Jafari has ______. a) increased absorption of vitamin A b) fluid accumulating in her tissues c) lower than normal production of phenylalanine and lysine d) decreased fatty acid production

fluid accumulating in her tissues

Green leafy vegetables and orange juice are rich sources of _______. a) iron b) vitamin B-12 c) thiamin d) folate

folate

The typical vegan diet supplies high amounts of _______. a) cholesterol b) folate c) saturated fat d) vitamin B-12

folate

Which of the following statements is true? a) Most vitamins can be made by the human body. b) Vitamins supply about 2 kcal per gram. c) The body excretes fat-soluble vitamins more easily than water-soluble vitamins. d) Foods generally contain much smaller amounts of vitamins that proteins or carbohydrates

foods generally contain much smaller amounts of vitamins than proteins or carbohydrates

A baby's body needs essential fatty acids ___. a) for nervous system development b) for maintaining fluid balance c) to form glycogen d) to make protein

for nervous system development

While at a bar, Thomas drank 6 ounces of whiskey. Based on this information, Thomas consumed about the same amount of alcohol that's in _____ 12-oz cans of regular beer. a) two b) four c) five d) three

four

A (An) _____ is a chemically unstable substance that can damage vulnerable molecules, such as DNA. a) free radical b) carotenoid c) intrinsic factor d) coenzyme

free radical

During a dental examination, the dentist notices that the enamel on the back sides of Victor's teeth has eroded, and the some of the teeth are decaying. Based on this information, the dentist suspects that Victor _______. a) eats foods that contain too much dietary fiber b) frequently makes himself vomit after purging c) has a vitamin D deficiency disorder d) is not brushing his teeth regularly

frequently makes himself vomit after purging

Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin C? a) whole-wheat bread b) fat-free milk c) fresh broccoli d) ground beef

fresh broccoli

Gemma wants to replenish her glycogen stores quickly after performing vigorous physical activity. She should consume _______. a) raw eggs b) cool water c) fruit d) protein supplements

fruit

Vitamin A is necessary for the ___. a) production of carcinogens in the liver b) function of rods and cones in the retina c) transfer of homocysteine into proteins d) breakdown of collagen in the small intestine

function of rods and cones in the retina

Obese people are more likely to develop _____ than people who aren't obese. a) elevated HDL cholesterol b) iron-deficiency anemia c) cretinism d) gallbladder disease

gallbladder disease

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight. Based on this information, this researcher will explore ways to block the production, release, or action of ______. a) thyroid hormone b) leptin c) ghrelin d) insulin

ghrelin

Which of the following characteristics is a known risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD)? a) low intake of trans fat b) vitamin C deficiency c) increasing age d) high intake of soluble fiber

increasing age

DNA contains ___. a) sources of ATP energy b) essential fatty acids c) instructions for making proteins d) protective antibodies

instructions for making proteins

Hannah consumes dairy products, but she doesn't eat meat, fish, eggs or poultry. Although she eats some vegetables and fruits, she avoids beans, breads, and cereal products. Based on this information, her diet probably lacks adequate _______. a) calcium b) iron c) magnesium d) potassium

iron

Issac complains that he doesn't have much energy. His tongue is sore; his gums are pale pink; and his finger nails have a dip in the center. Based on this information, Issac's physician should test him for _____ deficiency. a) iodine b) calcium c) iron d) biotiniro

iron

Plant-based diets, especially vegan diets, may not supply enough ______ to meet a person's needs. a) sodium b) vitamin C c) iron d) fiber

iron

When consumed with certain plant foods, vitamin C enhances the absorption of _______. a) iron b) niacin c) riboflavin d) calcium

iron

For the past 4 years, 23-year-old Brenda has been losing a lot of blood during her menstrual periods. She reports feeling tired all of the time. Based on this information, which of the following conditions is she most likely to develop? a) goiter b) ulcerative colitis c) osteoporosis d) iron deficiency

iron deficiency

Which of the following groups of minerals are trace minerals? a) Calcium, phosphorus, and zinc b) Iron, copper, and zinc c) Sodium, copper, and potassium d) Calcium, magnesium, and sodium

iron, copper, and zinc

Intracellular water ___. a) includes the plasma of blood b) surrounds cells c) is outside of cells d) is within cells

is within cells

Which of the following foods are rich sources of vitamin K? a) citrus fruits b) chicken and fish c) enriched breads and cereals d) kale and beet greens

kale and beet greens

Bennet wants to have a birthday party for his 5-year-old daughter and several of the child's friends. He plans to serve cake, ice cream, and milk to the children in the backyard on a warm sunny afternoon. To conserve vitamins in the milk, Bennet should _______. a) pour the milk into a clear glass container and place it on the picnic table b) add a teaspoon of baking soda and chocolate syrup to it c) keep the milk in the refrigerator until it's time to serve it d) heat the milk to the boiling point, and let it cool before serving it

keep the milk in the refrigerator until it's time to serve it

When combined, which of the following groups of foods forms a complementary protein dish? a) Peaches, green beans, and apricots b) Cranberries, apples, and marshmallows c) Iceberg lettuce, carrots, and walnuts d) Kidney beans, rice, and sesame seeds

kidney beans, rice, and sesame seeds

The _____ play a major role in regulating the body's fluid balance. a) kidneys b) parathyroid glands c) tonsils d) salivary glands

kidneys

Under anaerobic conditions, muscle cells convert pyruvate to ___. a) vitamin D b) alanine c) carbon monoxide d) lactic acid

lactic acid

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely increases the appetite of underweight people to help them gain weight. Based on this information, this researcher will explore ways to reduce the production, release, or action of ______. a) leptin b) insulin c) ghrelin d) glucagon

leptin

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight. Based on this information, this researcher will explore ways to stimulate the production, release, or action of ______. a) glucagon b) ghrelin c) insulin d) leptin

leptin

Dana wants to reduce her intake of saturated fat by eating ___. a) less beef b) more coconut oil c) less soluble fiber d) more partially hydrogenated oils

less beef

Which of the following activities is "weight-bearing"? a) lifting weights b) lying down c) watching tv d) swimming laps

lifting weights

In their efforts to avoid regaining the weight they have lost, members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to ___. a) weigh themselves only once a month b) exercise for at least 30 minutes daily c) eat a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet d) limit the time they spend watching TV

limit the time they spend watching TV

Osteoporosis is characterized by ______. a) destruction of epithelial cells b) immature red blood cells that lack hemoglobin c) defective collagen production d) loss of bone mass

loss of bone mass

Cindy is a 20-year-old world-class gymnast who suffers from the female athlete triad. Based on this information, she has _______. a) metabolic syndrome b) high bone density c) type 1 diabetes d) low energy intake

low energy intake

The body has a few ways of eliminating water, including through the _______. a) lungs b) liver c) spleen d) lymphatic system

lungs

In the body, vitamin A helps ___. a) reduce collagen synthesis b) the small intestine absorb calcium and phosphorus c) insulin enter cells d) maintain epithelial cells

maintain epithelial cells

Your body needs iodine for ___. a) making essential fatty acids b) maintaining normal thyroid function c) carrying oxygen in blood d) transporting proteins in lymph

maintaining normal thyroid function

In the body, certain lipids are needed to ___. a) break down enzymes b) absorb dietary fiber c) make cell membranes d) produce micronutrients

make cell membranes

Jeanne had a tumor in her breast. Her physician used a needle to remove a small bit of tissue from the tumor. When the physician used a microscope to examine the tissue, he noticed the cells in the tissue looked abnormal and were rapidly dividing. He told Jeanne that the tumor was _______. a) carcinogenic b) heterocyclic c) benign d) malignant

malignant

Megadoses of _______ may be used to reduce elevated LDL cholesterol levels. a) vitamin K b) pantothenic acid c) niacin d) thiamin

niacin

An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is ___. a) swollen tongue b) night blindness c) headaches d) hair loss

night blindness

The human body needs vitamin K to ___. a) release the energy stored in glucose b) make DNA c) absorb phosphorus from foods d) produce blood clotting factors

produce blood clotting factors

___ can be metabolized for ATP production. a) iron b) protein c) niacin d) vitamin D

protein

Which of the following statements is true? a) Structural proteins include fibrin and insulin. b) Proteins are your cells' primary energy source. c) Your body uses excess dietary protein to form the antibodies that cause infections. d) Proteins in your blood help maintain proper acid-base balance.

proteins in your blood help maintain proper acid-base balance.

Proteins ___. a) are comprised of long chains of hydrogen molecules b) are the body's primary energy source c) have fatty acids in their chemical structures d) provide about 4 kcal/gram

provide about 4 kcal.gram

In the body, fat ___. a) speeds up chemical reactions b) is necessary for absorption of dietary fiber c) provides energy d) stimulates the production of vitamins and minerals

provides energy

Which of the following foods provides the most beta-carotene per 100 g serving? a) mushrooms b) celery c) chicken d) pumpkin

pumpkin

People who have bulimia nervosa typically avoid gaining weight after bingeing on food by ______. a) abusing alcohol b) taking thyroid hormone supplements to increase their metabolic rate c) abusing stimulant drugs, such as cocaine, caffeine, and ephedra d) purging, including self-induced vomiting

purging, including self-induced vomiting

Trisha's weekly exercise program includes stair stepping, static stretching, cycling, and push-ups. Which of these activities is generally classified as a strength (resistance) exercise? a) push-ups b) cycling c) static stretching d) stair stepping

push-ups

Barron is a vegan. Which of the following foods does he eat? a) quinoa b) fish c) eggs d) milk

quinoa

Which of the following foods is the best source of high-quality protein? a) quinoa b) lettuce c) rice d) avocado

quinoa

___ is a sign of vitamin E deficiency in humans. a) diarrhea b) irritability c) reduced immunity to infections d) skin rash

reduced immunity to infections

______ is the primary function of brown adipose cells. a) Releasing heat b) Metabolizing amino acids to build muscle tissue c) Making glycogen from excess blood glucose d) Storing fat

releasing heat

In the human body, water is needed to ___. a) monitor nerve cell function b) dissolve fat-soluble vitamins c) regulate energy production d) remove wastes

remove wastes

Exposing milk to light can reduce its ___ content. a) riboflavin b) vitamin D c) thiamin d) niacin

riboflavin

Which of the following vitamins is part of a coenzyme that participates in energy metabolism? a) K b) A c) Riboflavin d) Folate

riboflavin

You would like to bake a special birthday cake for a friend who has celiac disease. The original cake recipe is made with eggs, wheat flour, orange juice, honey, vanilla, and butter. To make a cake that is safe for your friend to consume, you plan to substitute ______ for the ______ in the recipe. a) corn oil; butter b) milk; orange juice c) brown sugar; honey d) rice flour; wheat flour

rice flour; wheat flour

You are planning a party for a group of friends. Which of the following foods can you serve to everyone at the party without having to worry about your friend who has celiac disease? a) whole-wheat crackers b) apple pie c) chocolate-chip cookies d) rice pudding

rice pudding

Which of the following foods is a naturally good source of vitamin D? a) processed meat b) carrots c) enriched bread d) salmon

salmon

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fatty acids? a) milk b) salmon c) pork d) broccoli

salmon

Solid fats generally have a high proportion of ___ fatty acids. a) monounsaturated b) polyunsaturated c) saturated d) unsaturated

saturated

Brazil nuts contain very high amounts of _______. a) fluorine b) selenium c) calcium d) copper

selenium

The body eliminates excess water through the _______. a) skin b) thyroid gland c) lymphatic system d) spleen

skin

Obese people are more likely to develop _____ than people who aren't obese. a) sleep apnea b) elevated HDL cholesterol c) iron-deficiency anemia d) cretinism

sleep apnea

Most lipid digestion occurs in the ___. a) stomach b) large intestine c) small intestine d) pancreas

small intestine

The _____ is the primary site for vitamin absorption in the body. a) small intestine b) large intestine c) stomach d) pancreas

small intestine

Young women who _____ have higher risk of developing osteoporosis than young women who don't have this characteristic. a) exercise regularly b) consume kale, spinach, and yogurt c) smoke cigarettes d) have African-American ancestry

smoke cigarettes

Devin doesn't like to cook, so he eats fast food at least three times a week. When he doesn't eat fast food, he opens a can of soup and makes a ham and cheese sandwich. For snacks, he prefers processed cheese cubes, potato chips, and pretzels. Based on this information, his diet is very high in _______. a) vitamin D b) potassium c) beta-carotene d) sodium

sodium

_______ helps the body maintain normal fluid balance. a) fluoride b) iron c) copper d) sodium

sodium

While on a road trip, you and your vegan friend stop to get gas at a convenience store. You're not hungry, but your friend wants a snack that's high in protein and low in saturated fat. Based on this information, which of the following foods did he buy? a) beef jerky b) banana chips c) soy nuts d) cheese sticks

soy nuts

Which of the following foods is a legume? a) soybeans b) broccoli c) oatmeal d) apples

soybeans

Which of the following foods is a rich source of lecithin? a) watermelon b) soybeans c) peaches d) cabbage

soybeans

Which of the following foods contains a lot of nonheme iron, but very little of the mineral is absorbed by the human intestinal tract? a) spinach b) red meat c) liver d) whole milk

spinach

Ron's weekly exercise program includes stair stepping, static stretching, squats, and jogging. Which of these activities is generally classified as a strength exercise? a) jogging b) static stretching c) stair stepping d) squats

squats

Which of the following activities is generally classified as aerobic? a) bowling b) stair stepping c) doing household chores d) stretching

stair stepping

To conserve the vitamin content of foods, _______. a) steam or stir-fry until tender but not overcooked b) add fat to vegetables during the cooking process c) store in warm conditions, and expose to sunlight and air d) cook slowly in large amounts of water

steam or stir-fry until tender but not overcooked

Jon has carpal tunnel syndrome. A few months ago, he began taking megadoses of vitamin B-6, when he read that the vitamin can cure the disorder. Today, Jon reported to his friends that his hands were feeling numb and his walking is unsteady. Based on this information, Jon should _______. a) discontinue taking vitamin B-6, because his body doesn't require the micronutrient b) stop taking vitamin B-6, because he's showing signs and having symptoms of vitamin B-6 toxicity c) continue taking the megadoses of vitamin B-6, because his body needs more time to heal d) increase his vitamin B-6 intake, because the numbness and unsteadiness are signs that the treatment is working

stop taking vitamin B-6, because he's showing signs and symptoms of vitamin B-6 toxicity

Which of the following foods is a poor source of protein? a) sesame seeds b) 2% milk c) shelled walnuts d) strawberry pie

strawberry pie

Performing weight-bearing exercise can ___. a) increase intestinal absorption of zinc b) delay the development of goiter c) strengthen bones d) reduce the body's need for iron

strengthen bones

Artie has atherosclerosis within his brain. Based on this information, he has high risk of ______. a) brain tumors b) type 1 diabetes c) angina d) stroke

stroke

Obese people are more likely to develop _____ than people who aren't obese. a) type 1 disease b) skin cancer c) elevated HDL cholesterol d) stroke

stroke

People who exercise regularly are more likely to develop ______ than people who don't exercise regularly. a) type 2 diabetes b) bulimia c) depression d) stronger bones

stronger bones

"Cellulite" is ___. a) excess subcutaneous fat that can be removed by massage and vitamin therapy b) a special type of adipose tissue that is stored in thighs and buttocks of women c) subcutaneous adipose tissue that gives skin a lumpy appearance d) visceral fat that develops in the thighs and buttocks of both men and women

subcutaneous adipose tissue that gives skin a lumpy appearance

Which of the following foods are a rich source of vitamin E? a) sunflower seeds b) processed and red meats c) ground turkey and other turkey products d) fat-free dairy products

sunflower seeds

Which of the following foods is a good source of most essential amino acids? a) sunflower seeds b) oat flakes c) jonathan apples d) fruit juices

sunflower seeds

Lenana is an active 9-year-old who is highly allergic to shellfish. While attending a wedding party, she accidentally ate some cooked shrimp, and she rapidly developed _____ as a result. a) acute constipation b) toxic gallstones c) swollen, itchy lips d) peristaltic failure

swollen, itchy lips

Daisy has a chronic illness, and to treat the condition, she takes an antibiotic every day. Despite her illness, Daisy's diet is nutritionally adequate, and she exercises regularly. Based on this information, Daisy may need to _______. a) eat more vitamin-C rich foods b) reduce her protein intake c) take a dietary supplement that contains vitamin K d) consume fewer foods that contain omega-3 fatty acids

take a dietary supplement that contains vitamin K

Which of the following vitamins is part of a coenzyme that participates in energy metabolism? a) A b) D c) Thiamin d) E

thiamin

The _____ gland produces the primary hormone that controls the metabolic rate. a) liver b) adrenal c) thyroid d) hypothalamus

thyroid

Which of the following substances directly influences a person's metabolic rate? a) leptin b) salivary amylase c) ghrelin d) thyroid hormone

thyroid hormone

Having _____ increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). a) a low blood level of C-reactive protein b) too much body fat c) a low blood level of LDL cholesterol d) a high soluble fiber intake

too much body fat

Animal foods supply almost ______ of the protein in the typical American's diet. a) one-half b) one-third c) one-fifth d) two-thirds

two-thirds

Obese people have a greater risk of ___ than people who aren't overfat. a) pernicious anemia b) rickets c) skin cancer d) type 2 diabetes

type 2 diabetes

People who exercise regularly can reduce their risk of _______. a) cretinism b) spina bifida c) megaloblastic anemia d) type 2 diabetes

type 2 diabetes

People with central-body obesity are more likely to develop ______ than people who don't have excess fat in the midsection of their bodies. a) elevated HDL cholesterol b) type 2 diabetes c) berberi d) iron-deficiency anemiia

type 2 diabetes

Which of the following statements is true? a) A person suffering from heat exhaustion typically has a body temperature of 105º F or higher. b) Coma can develop rapidly in cases of heat exhaustion. c) Cool, moist skin is a sign of heatstroke. d) Very heavy sweating is a sign of heat cramps

very heavy sweating is a sign of heat cramps

Carson is a vegan. To avoid developing a serious nutritional deficiency, he needs to include a source of ______ in his diet. a) folate b) magnesium c) vitamin B-12 d) fiber

vitamin B-12

The body can store large amounts of _______ in the liver. a) vitamin B-12 b) riboflavin c) vitamin C d) thiamin

vitamin B-12

Sylvia is an 87-year-old woman with pernicious anemia. What treatment would her doctor recommend? a) a vegan diet b) megadoses of vitamin C c) iron supplements d) vitamin B-12 injections

vitamin B-12 injections

Milton is a vegan (total vegetarian). He can increase his intestinal tract's ability to absorb iron in his diet by combining iron-rich plant foods with sources of ______. a) copper b) vitamin C c) vitamin A d) calcium

vitamin C

The typical vegetarian diet supplies high amounts of _______. a) omega-3 fatty acids b) saturated fat c) vitamin B-12 d) vitamin C

vitamin C

On sunny days, Ricardo spends at least 20 minutes exercising outdoors, because he knows sunlight helps his body make ______. a) riboflavin b) vitamin D c) vitamin B-6 d) folate

vitamin D

The human body can absorb some of the _____ that's made by intestinal bacteria. a) vitamin K b) riboflavin c) vitamin A d) thiamin

vitamin K

In the United States, newborns usually receive an injection of _____ to prevent _____. a) niacin; pellagra b) thiamin; beriberi c) vitamin C; collagen breakdown d) vitamin K; bleeding

vitamin K; bleeding

Candy's blood alcohol concentration is 0.28. Based on this information, Candy is ______. a) acting aggressively b) vomiting c) relaxed and sociable d) able to drive safely

vomiting

When he prepares food, Bryan wants to use a product that's a rich source of unsaturated fat and contains very little saturated fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats or oils should he select? a) cocoa butter b) coconut oil c) walnut oil d) fresh cream

walnut oil

Yesterday, Marisa ran in a marathon race. While she ran, she drank several large cups of water at water stations along the race course. At the end of the race, she experienced difficulty making it to the finish line. She was confused, and she complained of having a headache and feeling dizzy. Based on this information, Marisa was probably suffering from ______. a) kidney failure b) brain cancer c) heat cramps d) water intoxication

water intoxication

Which of the following foods contains the most water by weight? a) apple with skin b) corn oil c) whole-wheat bread d) watermelon

watermelon

Which of the following statements is true? a) A well-planned exercise program includes 30 minutes of strength training at least 5 days/week. b) Performing household chores on a regular basis can reduce your risk of type 1 diabetes. c) In general, television watching is classified as a moderate-intensity physical activity. d) weight lifting and other strength exercise can increase your bone mass

weight lifting and other strength exercise can increase your bone mass

Which of the following foods is a rich source of thiamin? a) fresh peach b) fat-free milk c) wheat germ d) olive oil

wheat germ

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12? a) whole-wheat bread b) granny smith apple c) whole egg d) coconut oil

whole egg

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of saturated fat and cholesterol? a) coconut oil b) whole milk c) peanut butter d) sunflower seeds

whole milk

_____ is added to refined grain products as part of the grain enrichment program. a) Thiamin b) Vitamin D c) Vitamin B-6 d) Choline

Thiamin

Common signs and symptoms of caffeine toxicity include _______. a) sleepiness b) improved mood c) increased blood pressure d) muscle stiffness

increased blood pressure

Which of the following formulas is the best way to estimate your total daily energy needs accurately? a) Add kilocalories needed for basal metabolism to those needed for physical activity. b) Add kilocalories from foods; then subtract from the number of kilocalories expended for physical activity and NEAT. c) Add kilocalories needed for basal metabolism and physical activity; then subtract kilocalories used for the thermic effect of food. d) Add kilocalories used for physical activity, basal metabolism, and thermic effect of food

Add kilocalories used for physical activity, basal metabolism, and thermic effect of food

Which of the following statements is true? a) Aerobic exercise involves rhythmic, sustained contractions of large muscle groups b) If you can't have a conversation with your friends while exercising, you're working your large muscle groups at a moderate-intensity level. c) Walking, bowling, and playing golf are forms of vigorous-intensity physical activity. d) You can't consider household chores as forms of physical activity because of the low-intensity level of the activities.

Aerobic exercise involves rhythmic, sustained contractions of large muscle groups

Which of the following groups of Americans has the highest risk of hypertension? a) Native Americans b) Asian Americans c) African Americans d) Non-Hispanic white Americans

African Americans

Which of the following substances is a dietary essential? a) cholesterol b) high-denisty lipoprotein c) lecithin d) Alpha-linolenic acid

Alpha-linolenic acid

Which of the following substances is an omega-3 fatty acid? a) Oleic acid b) Beta-hydroxybutyric acid c) Pentanoic acid d) Alpha-linolenic acid

Alpha-linolenic acid

______ is the only form of vitamin E that your body uses. a) Retinol b) Ascorbic acid c) Alpha-tocopherol d) Beta-carotene

Alpha-tocopherol

______ prevent or limit the ability of free radicals to damage polyunsaturated fatty acids and DNA in cells. a) Carcinogens b) Megadoses c) Antioxidants d) Coenzymes

Antioxidants

Which of the following statements is true? a) Fat cells require more energy to function than muscle cells. b) As people grow older, their metabolic rates decline. c) An average woman has a higher metabolic rate than an average man. d) The aging process causes muscle cells to become fat cells.

As people grow older, their metabolic rates decline

Intrinsic factor is needed to absorb vitamin ___. a) B-12 b) C c) A d) B-6

B-12

Which of the following foods is a good source of potassium? a) Baked potato, with skin b) Soy sauce c) Hot dog with pickle relish d) Cured ham

Baked potato, with skin

Which of the following menu items contains complementary protein? a) Whole-wheat crackers spread with butter and grape jelly b) Black beans and rice c) Peach, mango, and grapefruit slices in a mixed fruit salad d) Kidney and green beans in apple cider vinegar

Black beans and rice

Which of the following cooking methods can result in major losses of water-soluble vitamins? a) Stir-frying in a small amount of oil b) Steaming in a vegetable steamer c) Microwaving in little or no water d) Boiling in a saucepan of water

Boiling in a saucepan of water

Your best friend eats plenty of meats and dairy products but avoids eating fruits and vegetables. She bruises easily, her sores take a long time to heal, and her gums bleed when she brushes her teeth. Based on this information, which of the following nutrients is most likely to be deficient in her diet? a) C b) Pantoothenic acid c) B-12 d) B-6

C

Which of the following foods has the most saturated fat per serving? a) Guacamole made with fresh avocados b) Cheese pizza with pepperoni c) Salad dressing made with vinegar and olive oil d) Baked fish with tomato sauce

Cheese pizza with pepperoni

Which of the following groups of minerals are trace minerals? a) Chromium, iodine, and selenium b) Calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium c) Magnesium, zinc, and sodium d) Potassium, copper, and iron

Chromium, iodine, and selenium

Which of the following statements is true? a) Cigarette smoking increases the production of oxidized LDL cholesterol. b) All forms of LDL cholesterol are considered unhealthy, because they increase the risk of diabetes. c) VLDLs transport most cholesterol in blood to the liver for disposal. d) Your intestinal cells convert bile into chylomicrons.

Cigarette smoking increases the production of oxidized LDL cholesterol.

Javon has excess body fat. To be comfortable in warm environments, he wears less clothing than his underweight friend James. Why? a) Compared to James, Javon has a higher metabolic rate because his diet supplies more partially hydrogenated fatty acids. b) Compared to James, Javon has a higher HDL cholesterol level. c) Compared to James, Javon has more phospholipids in his cell membranes. d) Compared to James, Javon has more fat under his skin.

Compared to James, Javon has more fat under his skin.

Which of the following practices would help a vegan (total vegetarian) increase his or her iron intake from plant foods? a) Replacing butter with olive oil b) Drinking more milk and avoiding in-between-meal snacks c) Taking zinc, calcium, and selenium supplements with meals d) Cooking vegetables in a cast iron skillet with tomatoes or lemon juice

Cooking vegetables in a cast iron skillet with tomatoes or lemon juice

The human body can make vitamin ___. a) C b) D c) E d) B-12

D

Which of the following vitamins acts as a hormone in the human body? a) Riboflavin b) C c) D d) Niacin

D

Which of the following substances is an omega-3 fatty acid? a) Oleic acid b) Beta-hydroxybutyric acid c) Linoleic acid d) Docosahexaenoic acid

Docosahexaenoic acid

Which of the following statements is true? a) During high-intensity exercise, muscle cells burn more glucose than fat for energy b) Compared to a glucose molecule, a fatty acid molecule has more oxygen atoms in relation to carbon atoms. c) Glucose is the primary fuel for resting muscles. d) Amino acids are a major source of energy for contracting muscles.

During high-intensity exercise, muscle cells burn more glucose than fat for energy

Which of the following statements is true? a) Glucose is the primary fuel for resting muscles. b) Amino acids are the major source of energy for contracting muscles. c) During low-intensity activities, muscle cells burn more fat than glucose d) During high-intensity exercise, muscle cells use less glucose for energy.

During low-intensity activities, muscle cells burn more fat than glucose

Vitamin _____ protects polyunsaturated fatty acids from being damaged by free radicals. a) B-12 b) E c) D d) K

E

Which of the following statements is true? a) A typical beer is 12 to 14% alcohol. b) A standard alcoholic drink is approximately 5 ounces of beer. c) Each gram of alcohol provides 9 kcal. d) Ethanol is a depressant drug

Ethanol is a depressant drug

Which of the following statements is true? a) Ghrelin is an enzyme that breaks down fat in the stomach. b) Satiety is the feeling that drives a person to consume food. c) A positive energy state results in weight loss. d) Fat cells produce leptin, a hormone that can reduce hunger

Fat cells produce leptin, a hormone that can reduce hunger

_____ is added to refined grain products as part of the grain enrichment program. a) Folic acid b) Choline c) Vitamin D d) Vitamin B-12

Folic acid

Which of the following foods naturally contains trans fat? a) Ripe avocado b) Hamburger patty c) Tomato sauce d) Olive oil

Hamburger patty

Which of the following characteristics or conditions increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)? a) Eating high amounts of omega-3 fatty acids b) Having diabetes c) Eating fewer than 10% of total calories from monounsaturated fat d) Having low blood triglyceride levels

Having diabetes

Winslow is a vegan. His diet does not include foods that contain preformed vitamin A, and he does not take any vitamin A supplements. Nevertheless, his body has adequate vitamin A stores. Which of the following statements provides the best explanation for Winslow's adequate vitamin A status? a) He consumes foods that supply tryptophan, which his liver converts to preformed vitamin A. b) His body does not require sources of vitamin A. c) He eats plenty of foods that contain beta-carotene. d) His fat cells make preformed vitamin A from essential fatty acids.

He eats plenty of foods that contain beta-carotene.

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins? a) The body has higher requirements for water-soluble vitamins. b) In general, water-soluble vitamins are more likely to be stored in the body than fat-soluble vitamins. c) In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins. d) The body has higher requirements for fat-soluble vitamins.

In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins

Which of the following statements is true? a) In the kidneys, certain lipids assist in the elimination of urine. b) In the human intestinal tract, certain lipids are needed to absorb dietary fiber. c) In the body, certain lipids provide insulation against cold temperatures d) In the liver, certain lipids help stimulate the production of vitamins and minerals.

In the body, certain lipids provide insulation against cold temperatures

Which of the following substances doesn't have FDA approval for use as a prescribed weight-loss medication? a) Contrave b) Belviq c) Orlistat d) Insulin

Insulin

Kevin's total blood cholesterol level is 225 mg/dl, and his HDL cholesterol level is 35 mg/dl. According to this information, ______. a) Kevin has an increased risk of CVD because his HDL and total blood cholesterol levels aren't within healthy ranges b) Kevin needs to eat more solid fats to help reduce his HDL cholesterol level c) Kevin needs to reduce his HDL cholesterol and total cholesterol levels to under 50 mg/dl to lower his risk of heart disease d) Kevin has an increased risk of atherosclerosis because his total blood cholesterol level is too low.

Kevin has an increased risk of CVD because his HDL and total blood cholesterol levels aren't within healthy ranges

Which fo the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol? a) LDL b) HDL c) Chylomicron d) VLDL

LDL

Which of the following statements is true? a) Foods that contain cholesterol should be avoided because the substance is toxic to human cells. b) A diet that is high in saturated fat helps reduce high blood cholesterol levels. c) LDL transports cholesterol to tissues. d) Having a high HDL cholesterol level is associated with increased risk of heart disease.

LDL transports cholesterol to tissues

Lexie is a 19-year-old female college student. Her percentage of body fat is 8%. Which of the following statements about Lexie is true? a) Lexie's body has too much fat. b) Lexie's percentage of body fat is too low. c) Lexie's body is lean, but she has a healthy percentage of body fat for a young woman. d) Lexie's percentage of body fat is acceptable, but her body water content is higher than average.

Lexie's percentage of body fat is too low.

___ is an essential nutrient. a) Linoleic acid b) Lecithin c) Oleic acid d) Bile salt

Linoleic acid

___ is an essential amino acid. a) Methionine b) Alanine c) Aspartic acid d) Asparagine

Methionine

While in class, Kevin can't seem to sit still. He constantly taps his feet on the floor and frequently shifts his position. The energy Kevin's body uses for these involuntary movements is called _______. a) resting metabolism b) NEAT c) thermic effect of food d) basal metabolism

NEAT

_____ are water-soluble vitamins. a) Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin b) Vitamins B-12, B-6, and E c) Vitamins K, D, and E d) Pantothenic acid, vitamin A, and choline

Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin

Which of the following statements is true? a) On average, a healthy young woman has slightly less body water than a healthy young man. b) Water comprises approximately 25% of lean muscle tissue. c) A person's body water content increases with increasing age. d) About 30% of an average person's body is water.

On average, a healthy young woman has slightly less body water than a healthy young man.

Which of the following statements is true? a) Pyruvate is a prescription medication that increases the amount of energy the body expends by NEAT. b) Orlistat is a prescription medication that reduces the amount of fat absorbed by the digestive tract. c) Insulin is a prescription medication that reduces the rate at which glucose enters cells. d) Belgrave is a prescription medication that increases the metabolic rate by stimulating the release of certain hormones.

Orlistat is a prescription medication that reduces the amount of fat absorbed by the digestive tract

_______ are water-soluble vitamins. a) Vitamin D, A, and E b) Thiamin, vitamin K, and niacin c) Vitamin A, riboflavin, and vitamin C d) Pantothenic acid, vitamin C, and thiamin

Pantothenic acid, vitamin C, and thiamin

Which of the following foods is a rich source of lecithin? a) Chinese cabbage b) Green apples c) Peanut butter d) Raw carrots

Peanut butter

Nick is a 5′ 8′′, 29-year-old man who weighs almost 350 pounds. To lose weight, he's tried calorie-restricted diets, fad diets, exercise programs, and appetite-suppressing pills without success. Nick wants a permanent solution to treat his obesity. Nick's physician is likely to recommend ______ as the best way to help Nick lose a lot of weight and avoid regaining much of it. a) Sleeve gastrectomy b) Anterior thyroidectomy c) Frontal lobotomy d) Visceral lipectomy

Sleeve gastrectomy

Which of the following statements is true? a) High doses of vitamin C destroy the virus that causes the common cold. b) Smokers generally have higher needs for vitamin C than nonsmokers. c) A major role of vitamin B-6 is to provide energy. d) In the United States, milk is usually fortified with riboflavin.

Smokers generally have higher needs for vitamin C than nonsmokers

Which of the following groups of minerals are major minerals? a) Sodium, copper, and potassium b) Selenium, calcium, and phosphorus c) Sodium, potassium, and phosphorus d) Calcium, zinc, and sodium

Sodium, potassium, and phosphorus

Which of the following substances can interfere with the recycling of bile salts in the intestinal tract? a) Vitamin C b) Fatty acids c) Soluble fiber d) Mineral water

Soluble fiber

______ is an important function of white adipose cells. a) Storing glycogen b) Storing fat c) Metabolizing glucose to generate heat d) Metabolizing amino acids to build muscle tissue

Storing fat

_____ fat insulates the body and protects muscles and bones from bumps and bruises. a) Cellulite b) Intracellular c) Visceral d) Subcutaneous

Subcutaneous

In the United States, which of the following statements is true? a) Manufacturers are permitted to add vitamins, minerals, and amino acids to their bottled water and flavored beverage products. b) The Environmental Protection Agency monitors amounts of BPA in plastic baby bottles and sipping cups. c) The Food and Drug Administration regulates bottled water products that are marketed for interstate commerce. d) Bottled water is safer to drink than tap water.

The Food and Drug Administration regulates bottled water products that are marketed for interstate commerce.

Which of the following statements is true? a) The body uses cholesterol to make certain hormones. b) Cells use triglycerides to provide structure and flexibility to their membranes. c) The gallbladder uses fat to make enzymes. d) The liver uses cholesterol to make vitamins A and C.

The body uses cholesterol to make certain hormones

Kylie is making a vegetable soup that contains 4 cups of water, 3/4 cup of carrots and beans, a little salt and black pepper, chopped onions, and some bits of ham. The soup has to cook for 4 hours. While the soup is cooking, what will happen to some of the minerals that are in its ingredients? a) The minerals will leach out of the ham and vegetables and lose their natural bioavailability. b) The relatively high temperature that's needed to cook the soup will destroy the iron, phosphorus, and sulfur in the vegetables. c) The minerals will leach out of the food and into the cooking water, becoming part of the soup in the process d) Cooking the soup's ingredients for this extensive amount of time will enable the minerals to become antioxidants.

The minerals will leach out of the food and into the cooking water, becoming part of the soup in the process

Which of the following statements is true? a) People with central-body obesity have "pear" shapes because excess subcutaneous fat is stored in their hips and thighs. b) The primary function of brown fat cells is releasing heat to help maintain normal body temperature. c) Subcutaneous fat is the continuous thin layer of brown fat cells that's under the skin. d) Satiety is the feeling that drives a person to consume food.

The primary function of brown fat cells is releasing heat to help maintain normal body temperature.

Food manufacturers aren't permitted to use partially hydrogenated oils in foods. Why are these substances banned? a) They become rancid too quickly. b) They prevent water-soluble vitamins from being absorbed by the human GI tract. c) They are harmful to health. d) They increase the cost of foods.

They are harmful to death

Luna wants to gain weight, primarily as lean tissue. In addition to performing resistance exercise regularly, she should _______. a) restrict her aerobic activities, limit her protein intake to 10% of total kilocalories, and eat about 30% of total kilocalories from carbohydrates b) increase her protein intake to 60% of total energy intake, eat more complex carbohydrates, and take a multivitamin/multimineral supplement c) supplement her diet with essential amino acids and limit her total fat intake to no more than 10% of total kilocalories d) add nutrient-dense, healthy sources of energy to her diet, including fatty fish, whole-grain cereals, nuts, nut butters, avocados, and olive oil

add nutrient-dense, healthy sources of energy to her diet, including fatty fish, whole-grain cereals, nuts, nut butters, avocados, and olive oil.

Jamal wants to lower his risk of cancer. He should reduce his intake of ______. a) coffee b) alcohol c) artificial sweeteners d) fiber

alcohol

Which of the following substances is a diuretic? a) calcium b) alcohol c) iron d) salt

alcohol

___ is a carcinogen. a) alcohol b) cholesterol c) white bread d) whole milk

alcohol

Which of the following groups of people has the highest risk of magnesium deficiency? a) female athletes b) alcoholic men c) teenage boys d) female vegetarians

alcoholic men

The basic "building blocks" of proteins are chemical units called ___. a) amino acids b) R-group c) carbon anchors d) carbon skeletons

amino acids

Dexter is an active 7-year-old who is highly allergic to peanuts. While attending a classroom party, he was accidentally exposed to peanuts, and he rapidly developed _____ as a result. a) anaphylactic shock b) irritable bowel syndrome c) intestinal ulcers d) gastroesophageal reflux disorder

anaphylactic shock

Bella's BMI is 14.8. She thinks she's fat, so she exercises intensely for at least 3 hours each day to keep from gaining weight. She's a "picky eater" who often chews a mouthful of food for several minutes before spitting it out. She wears layers of clothing, even in warm weather, because she feels cold. Based on this information, Bella probably has _______. a) disordered eating b) anorexia nervosa c) bulimia nervosa d) binge-eating disorder

anorexia nervosa

Cara has plaque in one of her carotid arteries, which is a sign of ______. a) angina b) sleep apnea c) Crohn's disease d) atherosclerosis

atherosclerosis

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids? a) avocado b) soybean oil c) cocoa butter d) beef fat

avocado

_____ generally reduces the size of a person's stomach. a) Stomachectomy b) Colonoscopy c) Liposuction solution d) Bariatric surgery

bariatric surgery

Chronic excessive alcohol use ___. a) lowers blood pressure b) causes the body to retain heat c) increases fat deposits in the abdominal region d) causes the heart to shrink

increases fat deposits in the abdominal region

Dakotah is 6-weeks pregnant. Although Dakotah's physician prescribed a prenatal vitamin for her to take daily, Dakotah thought she could have a very healthy baby by taking extra vitamins, so she took several other dietary supplements, including those that contained vitamin A and vitamin C. As a result, her total intakes of vitamins C and A were 20 times the RDA amounts. Based on this information, Dakotah has a high risk of _______. a) giving birth to a baby with spina bifida b) developing gestational diabetes c) giving birth to a baby with birth defects d) developing vitamin C-resistant scurvy

giving birth to a baby with birth defects

The introduction of iodized salt in the 1920s dramatically reduced rates of ______ in the United States. a) hypertension b) anemia c) goiter d) lung cancer

goiter

Which of the following groups of foods includes items that are good sources of riboflavin? a) grains b) fats and oils c) vegetables d) fruits

grains

Which of the following foods is a good source of most essential amino acids? a) green pepper b) shrimp c) cottage cheese d) quinoa

green pepper

Two-month-old Brittany's diet lacks alpha-linolenic and linoleic acids. Based on this information, Brittany's body isn't _____. a) digesting fiber properly b) burning fat for energy c) making bile salts d) growing properly

growing properly

Most people who suffer from anorexia nervosa ___. a) have low blood potassium levels b) have positive self-esteem c) want to gain weight d) die soon after beginning treatment

have low potassium levels

Risk factors for eating disorders include ___. a) being an adult male b) having a history of being bullied or sexually abused as a child c) working in the fast-food Industry d) living in a large urban community on the East Coast of the United States

having a history of being bullied or sexually abused as a child

The body needs folate to produce a coenzyme that ___. a) transmit nervous impulses b) helps form DNA c) protects fatty acids from oxidation d) metabolizes vitamin E

helps form DNA

_____ is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. a) thyroxin b) phytic acid c) myoglobin d) hemoglobin

hemoglobin

Charcoal-broiled meats may be a source of ___, which may be carcinogenic. a) heterocyclic amines b) vitamin C c) autoimmune factors d) dietary fiber

heterocyclic amines

Quinn has a tumor in one his parathyroid glands that's causing the gland to secrete too much parathyroid hormone. Based on this information, which of the following signs or symptoms would you expect him to be experiencing? a) Bones with higher than normal mineral density b) Low blood glucose levels c) Bones with higher than normal sodium stores d) high blood levels of calcium

high blood levels of calcium

Which of the following foods has the most sodium per serving? a) Honey ham, smoked, 3 ounces b) Soy sauce, 1 teaspoon c) Tortilla chips, with nacho cheese, 1 ounce d) Dill pickle, 1 ounce

honey ham, smoked, 3 ounces

In the stomach, _____ participate in the chemical digestion of protein. a) ammonia and salivary amylase b) bile and urea c) hydrochloric acid and pepsin d) gastric lipase and mucus

hydrochloric acid and pepsin

Arteriosclerosis is a risk factor for _______. a) cancer b) elevated HDL cholesterol c) low C-reactive protein d) hypertension

hypertension

Because Kamala doesn't like to cook, she eats fast food chicken and fries at least three times a week. When she doesn't eat fast food, she opens a can of soup and makes a ham and cheese sandwich. For snacks, she prefers nacho cheese with tortilla chips, potato chips, and pretzels. Based on this information, she has a higher than average risk of _______. a) hypertension b) type 1 diabetes c) hypothyroidism d) protein-energy malnutrition

hypertension

Obese people are more likely to develop ______ than people who aren't obese. a) iron-deficiency anemia b) hypertension c) cretinism d) elevated HDL cholesterol

hypertension

Aaron is a healthy young man. Under normal conditions, he loses most of his excess body water _____. a) in his exhaled breath b) through his skin c) through his intestinal tract d) in his urine

in his urine

Which of the following conditions is a common sign of iron deficiency? a) Increased appetite b) inability to concentrate on tasks c) "Fishy" body odor d) Enlarged thyroid gland

inability to concentrate on tasks

A group of scientists are designing a clinical study to investigate the effects of cholesterol deficiency in humans. For the duration of the 8-week study, the adult subjects will have to live in a special research unit of a hospital. The only food the subjects can consume is a man-made formula that contains all known nutrients, except cholesterol. Based on this information, you would expect ______. a) none of the subjects to show signs and symptoms of a cholesterol deficiency during the entire study b) about 20% of the subjects to show signs and symptoms of a cholesterol deficiency within the first week of participating in the study c) about 50% of the subjects to show signs and symptoms of a cholesterol deficiency during the entire study d) 100% of the subjects to show signs and symptoms of cholesterol deficiency within the first 3 weeks of participating in the study

none of the subjects to show signs and symptoms of a cholesterol deficiency during the entire study

Marcella's BMI is 36.2. Based on this information, her weight is in the ______ range. a) healthy b) overweight c) extremely obese d) obese

obese

Adding a small amount of _____ to cooked vegetables can enhance the intestinal tract's ability to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins they contain. a) sugar b) wine c) oil d) water

oil

Addison loves to cook, but she's concerned about the effects that certain dietary lipids may have on her health. She wants to prepare foods with fats and oils that are naturally low in trans fats and saturated fatty acids, and high in monounsaturated fatty acids. Based on this information, which of the following foods should she select? a) butter fat b) coconut oil c) olive oil d) cocoa butter

olive oil

Which of the following foods is low in sodium and high in potassium? a) canned soup b) orange juice c) dill pickle d) soy sauce

orange juice

Amina is a Pakastani woman living in poverty. She's not seen in public places without being covered almost completely in heavy veils. Her usual diet is comprised of legumes, small amounts of lamb, whole-grain breads and rice, fruit, and a few vegetables. Based on this information, Amina is most at risk of ______. a) beriberi b) pellegra c) osteomalacia d) scurvy

osteomalacia

Ian's BMI is 26.5. Based on this information, his weight is in the ______ range. a) extremely obese b) healthy c) underweight d) overweight

overweight

Beth's BMI is 26.4, her waist circumference is 33 inches, and her hip circumference is 40 inches. Based on this information, she is _______. a) obese and has elevated HDL cholesterol b) underweight but healthy c) overweight but doesn't have a higher than average risk of cardiovascular disease d) healthy but has an increased risk of type 1 diabetes

overweight but doesn't have a higher than average risk of cardiovascular disease

Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of ____. a) chronic low blood pressure b) goiter c) pancreatic cancer d) fluorosis

pancreatic cancer

While on a road trip, you and your vegan friend stop to get gas at a convenience store. You're not hungry, but your friend wants a snack that's high in protein and healthy fats, but it's not from an animal. Based on this information, which of the following foods did he buy? a) fruit-flavored yogurt b) corn chips with nacho sauce c) peanut butter crackers d) potato chips

peanut butter crackers

When combined, which of the following groups of foods forms a complementary protein dish? a) iceburg lettuce, carrots, and tomatoes b) sesame, sunflower, and pumpkin seeds c) peanut butter, whole-wheat bread, and sesame seeds d) peaches, bananas, and apricots

peanut butter, whole-wheat bread, and sesame seeds

Which of the following foods is a legume? a) broccoli b) apples c) carrots d) peas

peas

Mike has plaque in an artery in his right leg, which is a sign of ______. a) peripheral vascular disease b) sleep apnea c) angina d) stroke

peripheral vascular disease

William is 75 years of age. Recently, he developed muscle weakness, memory loss, and numbness and tingling in his hands. His tongue is smooth and shiny. Based on this information, William probably has _______. a) ariboflavinosis b) osteomalacia c) spina bifida d) pernicious anemia

pernicious anemia

Vitamin D helps the body absorb ___. a) phosphorus and calcium b) iron and copper c) sodium and potassium d) magnesium and iodine

phosphorus and calcium

Foods that contain calcium that has high bioavailability include ______. a) fresh spinach b) sweet potatoes c) plain yogurt d) collard greens

plain yogurt

Which of the following foods is the richest source of saturated fat? a) pork fat b) grapeseed oil c) chicken fat d) sunflower oil

pork fat

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, ______ is a nutrient of public health concern. a) chloride b) chromium c) magnesium d) potassium

potassium

In general, fresh fruits and vegetables are good sources of ___. a) iron b) zinc c) calcium d) potassium

potassium

Manny wants to lower his risk of cancer. According to scientific studies, consuming ______ may increase his risk of this chronic disease. a) green onions b) processed meat c) brussels sprouts d) citrus fruit

processed meat