Nutrition Final Exam BIOL 1322 Blinn:Brown

Bone, cartilage, muscle, and nerves are considered A. Organs B. Organ system C. Tissues D. Organisims

C. Tissues

Hydrogenation produces what kinds of fat? A. low-Density lipoprotein (LDL) B. high-density lipoprotein (HDL) C. Tans-fatty acids D. Cis-fatty acids

C. Trans fatty acids

Today the best estimate for the amount of protein required for nearly all adults is ____ grams per kilogram body weight per day A. 0.6 B. 1.5 C. 2 D. 0.8

D. 0.8

The Essential Nutrients A. Must be consumed at every meal B. Are required for infants but not adults C. Can be made in the body when they are needed. D. Cannot be made by the body and therefore must be consumed to maintain health

D. Cannot be made by the body and therefore must be consumed to maintain health

Mrs. Mitchell was hospitalized after being found unconscious in her home. A dietitian conducted a nutritional assessment noting the general appearance of Mrs. Mitchell's skin, eyes and tongue. Which part of the assessment is this? A. Medical examination B. Diet history C. Biochemical evaluation D. Clinical examination

D. Clinical examination

The _____ prevents the entrance of food into the trachea

Epiglottis

Milk sugar is known as ________

Lactose

When a fatty acid has a double bond at the third carbon from the methyl end (-CH3) we sat it is a(n) __________ fatty acids

Omega 3

The primary components of fecal material are water and __________

Undigested fiber

Treating a protein with acid, heat or agitation will cause ______ meaning that the three dimensional structure of the protein has been altered (it is unfolded)

denaturation

_________ is the major monosaccharide found in the body

glucose

Plant proteins do not match our needs for essential amino acids and are therefore are called _______ proteins

incomplete

In proteins amino acids are joined by _________ bonds

peptide

_________ fatty acids contain no double bonds and remain solid at room temperature

saturated

When looking at the organization of the human body, smaller units lead to progressively larger units. For instance, groups of atoms are called molecules, groups of cells are called _______ and various organs that work in coordination are called organ systems

tissues

The main form of vitamin E in the body is A. alpha-tocopherol B. gamma-tocopherol C. beta-tocopherol D. delta-tocopherol

A. Alpha-tocopherol

George wants to increase his consumption of vitamin a for the possible cancer risk reducing effects. which of the following foods should he choose A. spinach B. salmon C. pears D. potao

A. spinach

Which of the following contains a rich supply of omega-3 fatty acids A. Broccoli B. Salmon C. Chicken Breast D. Sirloin

B. Salmon

A hereditary condition caused by an incorrect amino acid in the amino acid sequence of a protein chain is A. marasmus B. sickle cell anemia C. kwashiorkor D. edema

B. Sickle cell anemia

vitamin e functions as a(n) A. coenzyme B. antioxidant C. hormone D. enzyme

B. antioxidant

Water soluble and fat-soluble vitamins differ in which way? A. water soluble vitamins are stored whereas fat-soluble vitamins are excreted readily B. water soluble vitamins are less likely to be toxic C. fat-soluble vitamins have less potential for toxicity D. water soluble vitamins are best absorbed in the presence of dietary fat

B. water soluble vitamins are less likely to be toxic

the nutrient essential for synthesis of several blood clotting factors is vitamin A. A B. C C. K D. E

C. K

Some niacin is formed in the body from A. phenylalanine B. tyrosine C. tryptophan D. lysine

C. tryptophan

________ form the basic structural building blocks of fats. They are a chain of carbons linked to hydrogen with a carboxyl group on one end

Fatty acids

a triglyceride is made up of a __________ and ________________

Glycerol backbone, 3 fatty acid chains

_________ are products from partial fat metabolism as a result of too little dietary carbohydrate

Ketones

You eat a snack that contains 15 grams of carbohydrate, 8 grams of fat, and 8 grams of protein. This snack provides ____ Kcalories

164

A weight reduction regimen calls for a daily intake of 1,400 kcalories and 30 grams of fat. Approximately what percentage of the total energy is contributed by fat?

19%

A desirable total serum cholesterol level is less that _____ milligrams per deciliter

200

The american heart association recommends that we should consume no more than _____ milligrams of cholesterol per day.

300

A meal providing 1,200 kcalories contains 13 grams of saturated fats, 10 grams of monounsaturated fats, and 27 grams of polyunsaturated fats, what is the percentage of energy supplied by the total lipids?

38%

For student athletes, water is an adequate fluid replacement for events lasting less than _____ minutes

60

What is the caloric value of a meal supplying 110 g of carbohydrate, 25 g of protein, 20 g of fat, 5 g of alcohol, 600 g water and 3 g of iron?

755 kcal

The world health organization recommends limiting added sugar intake to _____ percent of our total kcalories A. 10 B. 15 C. 20 D. 25

A. 10

According to the USADA MyPlate, an adult age 18 or older should consume how many cups of milk or milk equivalent per day on a 2,000 calorie diet A. 3 B. 1 C. 2 D. 4

A. 3

One serving of raison bran cereal contains 50 percent of the 18 mg daily value for iron. How much iron will one serving of your cereal provide A. 9 mg B. 15 Mg C. 5 Mg D. 36 Mg

A. 9 mg

Amylose is A. a long straight glucose chain B. branched glucose chains C. A long, straight fatty acid chain D. branched amino acid chains

A. A long straight glucose chain

Nutrient density can be defined as the amount of A. a particular nutrient in a serving of food divided by the number of kcalories in that serving B. A particular nutrient in a serving of food divided by the number of grams of protein C. Kcalories in a food divided by the amount of kcalories needed in a day D. A nutrient in a serving of food divided by the amount of the nutrient needed for that day.

A. A particular nutrient in a serving of food divided by the number of kcalorie in that serving

The term daily values on a food label refers to a A. A rough guideline based on approximate human needs B. RDAs C. Minimum requirements D. AIs

A. A rough guideline based on approximate human needs

Which of the following is a description of Chyme? A. A watery mixture of partially digested food released by the stomach into the intestines B. the semisolid masses of undigested food that is swallowed C. The mixture of pancreatic juices containing enzymes for digestion D. A thick, viscous material synthesized by mucosal cells for protection against digestive juices

A. A watery mixture of partially digested food released by the stomach into the intestines

Which of the following terms describes psychological influences that encourage us to find and eat food? A. Appetite B. Hunger C. Satiety D. Obsession

A. Appetite

Which of the following does not describe a function of fat? A. Best source of energy for the brain B. Insulates and protects the body C. Carrier of fat-soluble vitamins D. Adds flavor to food

A. Best source of energy for the brains

A hormone responds to food entering the small intestine and stimulates the pancreas to release? A. bicarbonate B. Acid C. Bile D. Mucus

A. Bicarbonate

Fibers belong to the class of nutrients know as A. Carbohydrate B. Protein C. Lipids D. Minerals

A. Carbohydrate

The glycemic load takes into account the glycemic index of the food and the amount of A. carbohydrate consumed B. Glucose absorbed C. Insulin released from the pancreas D. Glycogen stored

A. Carbohydrate consumed

Which of the following is true about carbohydrate digestion? A. Carbohydrate digestion is assisted by cooking, which softens tough skins B. Carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach C. Chewing food does not assist in carbohydrate digestion D. Saliva production does not influence starch digestion

A. Carbohydrate digestion is assisted by cooking, which softens tough skins

Constipation can best be prevented A. Eating dietary fiber B. Restricting fluids C. Restricting physical exercise D. Using laxatives

A. Eating dietary fiber

What structure prevents food from entering the trachea when you swallow? A. Epiglottis B. Tongue C. Tonsils D. Esophagus

A. Epiglottis

The major symptoms of lactose intolerance are A. gas abdominal pain, and distention B. A rash sneezing and stuffy nose C. A headache and chest pain D. Nausea and vomitting

A. Gas, abdominal pain, and distention

Which large blood vessel is the first to receive most recently eaten nutrients, transporting them to the liver? A. Hepatic portal vein B. Mesenteric Vein C. Subclavian Vein D. Femoral Vein

A. Hepatic portal vein

Which of the following hormones corrects a hyperglycemic state? A. Insulin B. Epinephrine C. Cortisol D. Glucagon

A. Insulin

Which of the following is true about protein? A. it is made up of combination of approximately 20 amino acids B. it is made up of combinations of amino acids and fatty acids C. it is important primarily for increasing bone density D. It is unique in that it is the only dietary component

A. It is made up of combination of approximately 20 amino acids

Which of the following foods would have the most fiber A. Kidney beans B. English Muffins made with enriched flour C. Orange juice D. Corn flakes

A. Kidney Beans

Which of the following is not a viscous (soluble) fiber) A. Lignin B. Gums C. Pectin D. Mucilages

A. Lignin

Which of the following is an essential fatty acid? A. Linoleic B. Stearic C. Palmitic D. Oleic

A. Linoleic

Which of the following nutrients can directly supply energy for human use? A. Lipids and Oils B. Water C. Vitamins D. Minerals

A. Lipids and Oils

The most important dietary approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus is to A. Lose body fat B. Eat regular meals C. Maintain a constant ratio of carbohydrate to protein to fat throughout the day D. Avoid sugar

A. Lose body fat

Where does digestion begin? A. Mouth B. stomach C. Esophagus D. Small intestine

A. Mouth

The major storage sites for glycogen are A. muscles and liver B. Kidney and muscles C. Liver and kidney D. Liver and pancreas

A. Muscles and liver

Which of following is NOT a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids A. palm oil B. safflower oil C. corn oil D. soybean oil

A. Palm oil

What substances, present in fruits and vegetables, provide significant health benefits such as reducing the risk of cancer? A. Phytochemical's B. Beta Blockers C. Deoxidizers D. Free Radicals

A. Phytochemicals

Dietary fibers primarily are A. Polysaccharides B. Polypetides C. Disaccharides D. Monosaccharides

A. Polysaccharides

Healthy people 2010 is designed to A. promote healthful lifestyles and reduce preventable death and disability in all Americans B. Disclose dietary practices that best support health. C. prevent chronic disease D. Eliminate dietary inadequacies and excesses, and to encourage healthful practices

A. Promote healthful lifestyles and reduce preventable death and disability in all Americans

The villi of the small intestine A. provide an enormous surface area that facilitates absorption B. store fat-soluble vitamins C. continuously move food through the small intestine to the colon D. inactive enzymes consumed with food

A. Provide an enormous surface area that facilitates absorption

Which of the following is not true about water A. Provides energy B. Provides a way to transport nutrients and waste C. By-product of cell chemical reactions D. Dietary need of approximately 9-13 cups per day

A. Provides Energy

The acronym RDA stands for A. Recommended Dietary Allowance B. Recommended Dailey Allowance C. Required Dietary Allowance D. Required Daily Allowance

A. Recommended Dietary Allowance

All of the following can weaken esophageal sphincter tension and promote heartburn except A. Root beer B. Coffee C. Alcohol D. Nicotine

A. Rootbeer

Which of the following should be limited in the diet because of their effect on blood cholesterol? A. Saturated Fats B. Unsaturated fats C. Essential fats D. Amino Acids

A. Saturated Fats

A warning sign or symptom of alcohol poisoning is A. Semiconsciousness or unconsciousness B. Rapid Breathing C. Skin that is hot to the touch D. Insomnia

A. Semiconsciousness or unconsciousness

The ring-like muscles that retard or prevent backflow of partially digested food in the gastrointestinal tract are called A. sphincters B. Passages C. Openings D. Gates

A. Sphincters

Which of the following is not a simple carbohydrate? A. Starches B. Table Sugar C. Disaccharides D. Monosaccharides

A. Starches

RDAs are not used in food labeling because A. They are age and gender specific B. they are too generic C. There are too many of them D. Their values are set too high

A. They are age and gender specific

A disaccharide is formed by the chemical bonding of A. two monosaccharides B. two polysaccharides C. one monosaccharides D. two oligosaccharides

A. Two monosaccharides

Which of the following is true about trans fatty acids found in hydrogenated fats? A. when consumed they can raise serum LDL cholesterol B. When consumed they can lower serum LDL C. When consumed they have no effect on serum cholesterol D. When consumed, they decrease blood clotting

A. When consumed they can raise serum LDL cholesterol

the best option in ensuring an adequate intake of vitamins and minerals is A. a healthy diet rich in vitamins and minerals B. fortified foods C. a multivitamin and mineral supplement D. individual nutrient supplements

A. a healthy diet rich in vitamins and minerals

Potassium performs all the following functions except which one? A. it maintains the ability to see at night B. it maintains fluid balance C. it assists nerve transmission D. it maintains normal heart function

A. it maintains the ability to see at night

in general, excess amounts of water soluble vitamins are excreted via the A. kidneys B. intestines C. lungs D. liver

A. kidneys

All foods in their unprocessed form tend to be low in sodium except A. milk and dairy products B. whole grains C. legumes D. Fruits

A. milk and dairy products

All of the following are true about the toxicity of vitamin A except A. one can experience toxic effects from consuming too much beta-carotene B. fetal malformation can occur C. one is unlikely to get toxic doses from eating food D. most adverse effects disappear after megadoses stop

A. one can experience toxic effects from consuming too much beta-carotene

The vitamin that aids in activating fatty acids so they can yield energy is A. pantothenic acid B. biotin C. vitamin B6 D. thiamin

A. pantothenic acid

the two most signifiant extracellular ions are A. sodium and chloride B. phosphate and potassium C. potassium and sodium D. chloride and potassium

A. sodium and chloride

____________ Absorption requires a carrier and energy

Active

Which of the following is true about the North American Diet? A. Most of our protein comes from plant sources B. Approximately half of our carbohydrates come from simple sugars C. Most of our fats come from plant sources D. Most of our carbohydrates come from starches

B. Approximately half of our carbohydrates come from simple sugars

Adequate Intakes (AI) A. Are established for nutrients for which there is not enough information to set RDAs B. Are established for carbohydrate, total fat and dietary fiber C. Represent minimum nutrient needs D. Are established for all vitamins and minerals

B. Are established for carbohydrate, total fat and dietary fiber

According to the USDA MyPlate, consumption of foods from the grain group should include A. an equal amount of whole grain and refined grain products B. at least 3 oz of whole grain cereals, breads, crackers, rice or pasta every day. C. Only whole grain products D. A serving of grain products at each meal

B. At least 3 oz of whole grain cereals, breads, crackers, rice or pasta every day

Which of the following statements is consistent with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans A. Choose a diet very low in fat cholesterol B. Balance the food you eat with physical activity C. Choose a diet with plenty of animal products including milk and meats D. Eat an abundance of saturated fats

B. Balance the food you eat with physical activity

For which of the following is glucose most critical as an energy source A. Muscles B. Brain C. Liver D. Heart

B. Brain

Margaret, an elderly woman, needs to limit her kcalorie intake without sacrificing needed nutrients, Keeping in mind MYPyramid which of the following could she do? A. Eliminate carbohydrate B. Carefully select foods rich in nutrients but low in kcalories C. Count kcalories and not worry about the food groups D. Eliminate dairy foods

B. Carefully select foods rich in nutrients but low in kcalories

You pick up a box of Cheerios cereal in the supermarker. The label tells you that 1-cup serving provides 25 percent of the _____ for Iron A. RDA B. Daily Value C. Minimum requirement D. ESADDI

B. Daily Value

Jeff, a world class triathlete visits a dietitian to obtain sports nutrition advice. During his visit, Jeff is asked to recall what he ate for the past 24 hours. Which part of nutritional assessment is this A. Biochemical evaluation B. Diet history C. Clinical examination D. Menu Planning

B. Diet History

EER referes to A. A set of nutrient recommendations that includes RDAs, AIs and ULs B. Estimated calorie needs for the average person of a specific height, weight, age, gender and physical activity pattern C. A person's actual calorie needs, as measured by calorimetry D. The level of dietary intake of a nutrient that is likely to meet the needs of nearly all healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group

B. Estimated calorie needs for the average person of a specific height, weight, age, gender and physical activity pattern

Studies of Greenland Eskimos, among others, have demonstrated a relationship between the consumption of fish and the risk for heart disease. What is the most likely mechanism for the reduction of heart disease risk when fish is consumed? A. The carbohydrate in fish lowers blood cholesterol B. Fish contain fatty acids that decrease blood clotting C. The protein in fish lowers the blood cholesterol D. Fish is low in cholesterol

B. Fish contain fatty acids that decrease blood clotting

Major fructose sources include A. Milk and cheese B. Fruits and honey C. Fruits and vegetables D. Breads and cereal

B. Fruits and honey

According to the Dietary guidelines the Food groups to encourage are A. Milk, Meat, and beans B. Fruits, vegetables, low-fat milk, and whole grains C. Grains, beans and oils D. Fruit juice, beans, and meat

B. Fruits, vegetables, low-fat milk and whole grains

Current thought regarding ulcer disease implicates infection with ______ as a common cause of ulcers. A. Salmonella B. Helicobacter pylori C. E'Coli D. Clostridium botulinum

B. Helicobacter pylori

Which of the following is not a metabolic syndrome risk indicator? A. high blood pressure B. High HDL Cholesterol C. Elevated glucose D. Elevated triglycerides

B. High HDL Cholesterol

Phosphorus functions in all the following ways except which one? A. it is a cofactor for a variety of enzymes B. it is important for blood glucose regulation C. it is a component of cell membranes D. it is component of DNA

B. It is important for blood glucose regualtion

Lactose intolerance is caused by A. A milk allergy B. lactase deficiency C. Milk bacteria D. Intestinal bacteria

B. Lactase deficiency

When insulin is released it causes A. The liver to break down glycogen and release glucose into the blood B. Muscle and fat cells to increase glucose uptake C. Fat breakdown in fat tissue D. The liver to make glycogen from protein

B. Muscle and fat cells to increase glucose uptake

All of the following are sources of cholesterol except A. Turkey meat B. Peanut butter C. Whole Milk D. Butter

B. Peanut Butter

What enzyme is released by the stomach to digest protein? A. Amylase B. Pepsin C. trypsin d. lipoprotein lipase

B. Pepsin

Simple sugars in large quantities have been shown to A. Cause obesity B. Promote tooth Decay C. Cause diabetes mellitus D. Cause hyperactivity

B. Promote tooth decay

Most digestion and absorption takes place in the A. Stomach B. Small intestine C. pancreas D. Large intestine

B. Small intestine

Which of the following shows the process of starch digestion? A. Starch to lactose to galactose B. Starch to maltose to glucose C. Starch to glycogen to glucose D. Starch to sucrose to fructose

B. Starch to maltose to glucose

When protein consumption is in excess of body needs and energy needs are met, the excess amino acids are metabolized and the energy in the molecule is A. excreted in the urine B. stored as glycogen and/or fat C. stored as amino acids in muscle D. stored as amino acids in the liver

B. Stored as glycogen and/or fat

The nutrient that can be considered both a vitamin and a hormone is A. vitamin e B. vitamin d C. vitamin a D. niacin

B. Vitamin D

which fat soluble vitamins are the most toxic if consumed in excess amounts over long periods of time? A. Vitamins D and K B. Vitamins A and E C. Vitamins A and D D. Vitamins E and K

B. Vitamins A and E

the amount of iron in the body is most regulated by A. excretion in the urine B. absorption in the small intestines C. absorption through the skin D. absorption in the large intestines

B. absorption in the small intestines

Which of the following is not a function of calcium? A. muscle contraction B. appetite regulation C. blood clotting D. normal nerve transmission

B. appetite regulation

An essential amino acid A. can be formed in the body from semi-essential amino acid B. cannot be synthesized in the body in sufficient quantity to meet body needs C. can be synthesized in the body if there is a nitrogen source D. can be synthesized in the body if caloric intake is adequate

B. cannot be synthesized in the body in sufficient quantity to meet body needs

Which of the following is converted to vitamin A in the body A. retinol B. carotenoids C. cholesterol D. phenylalanine

B. carotenoids

The B vitamins generally function as A. antioxidant B. coenzymes C. emlusifiers D. reducing agents

B. coenzymes

The vitamin, when consumed during pregnancy can help prevent neural tube defects like spina bifida a. niacin b. folate/folic acid c. riboflavin d. B6

B. folate/folic acid

Generally, good folate sources are A. fruits B. green leafy vegetables C. Milk and dairy products D. Poultry

B. green leafy vegetables

What vitamin plays an essential role in amino acid metabolism A. thiamin B. pyridoxine C. Riboflavin D. Niacin

B. pyridoxine

Wilma is an alcoholic. Her liver has been damaged to such a degree that it cannot produce the appropriate blood proteins for fluid balance. She develops a condition called edema, which is A. extreme thirst B. the build up of fluids in extracellular spaces C. cardiovascular disease D. loss of muscle mass

B. the build up of fluids in extracellular spaces

High protein diets may be harmful for A. body builders B. those with kidney disease C. athletes D. the elderly

B. those with kidney disease

minerals are classified in which way A. major minerals are needed in amounts of 500 mg per day or greater B. trace minerals are needed in amounts of 100 mg a day or less C. trace minerals are needed in amounts of 10 mg or a day or less D. major minerals are needed in amounts of 200 mg a day or less

B. trace minerals are needed in amounts of 100 mg a day or less

The theme of this chapter and this course, is that a healthy diet can be achieved through a combination of B_____, V______ and M______.

Balance, Moderation and Variety

How many grams of carbohydrate, per day must humans consume to avoid ketosis? A. 75 B. 100 C. 130 D. 250

C. 130

Hypertension is defined as a systolic/diastolic blood pressure at or above ____mm Hg A. 100/50 B. 120/80 C. 140/90 D. 180/100

C. 140/90

The AI for sodium for those over 51 years of age is A. 500 mg/day B. 1000 mg/day C. 1500 mg/day D. 2000 mg/day

C. 1500 mg/day

Megadose are defined as vitamin intake ____ times the estimated human need to prevent deficiency A. 1 to 3 B. 3 to 5 C. 2 to 10 D. 50

C. 2 to 10

The typical American diet contains approximately ____ mg of sodium A. 700 to 1,200 B. 1,300 to 2,200 C. 2,300 to 4,700 D. 5,000 to 10,000

C. 2,300 to 4,700

Approximately how many different amino acids are used in the synthesis of body proteins A. 29 B. 9 C. 20 D. 5

C. 20

A serving of bleu cheese dressing contains 23 grams of fat would yield _____ kcalories? A. 161 B. 92 C. 207 D. 255

C. 207

In women bone loss begins around age A. 20 B. 25 C. 30 D. 35

C. 30

Water constitutes _____ percent of body weight A. 10-20 B. 24-45 C. 50-70 D. 75-95

C. 50-70

Which of the following vitamins has been helpful in large doses in treatment for acne? A. C B. D C. A D. E

C. A

Phospholipids differ from triglycerides in which of the following ways? A. a compound containing nitrogen replaces at least one fatty acid B. Phospholipids do not contain glycerol C. A compound containing phosphorus replaces at least one fatty acids D. Phospholipids do not contain fatty acids

C. A compound containing phosphorus replaces at least one fatty acids

Which of the following accurately describes the term epidemiology? A. a test made to examine the validity of an educated guess B. An educated guess by a scientist to explain a phenomenon C. A study of how disease rates vary among different population groups D. An explanation for a phenomenon that has numerous lines of evidence to support it

C. A study of how disease rates vary among different population groups

Which of the following most accurately describes the term epidemiology? A. A test made to examine the validity of an educated guess B. an educated guess by a scientist to explain a phenomenon C. A study of how disease rates vary among different population groups D. An explanation for a phenomenon that has numerous lines of evidence to support it

C. A study of how disease rates vary among different population groups

Which of the following has been set for vitamin D, fluoride, and biotin? A. Minimum requirements B. RDAs C. AIs D. Reference Daily Intakes

C. AIs

Glucose is absorbed via _______ absorption A. passive B. facilitated C. Active D. Participatory

C. Active

The number of servings to consume from each MyPyramid food group depends on a person's A. Height, weight and waist circumference B. Taste preferences C. Age, gender, and physical activity level D. Frame size

C. Age, gender, and physical activity level

The "Freshman 15" is the A. Typical waist circumference of college students after freshman year B. Typical body fat percentage of college students after freshman year C. Amount of weight (in pounds) typically gained during freshman year of college D. Typical BMI of college students after freshman year

C. Amount of weight (in pounds) typically gained during freshman year of college

Amylase is A. an enzyme that digest protein B. A branched chain of glucose units C. An enzyme that digest starch D. A straight chain of glucose units

C. An enzyme that digest starch

The dietary guidelines for Americans recommends which of the following? A. Choosing and preparing foods without salt B. consuming two alcoholic beverages per day C. Being physically active every day D. Washing meat and poultry

C. Being physically active every day

What substance helps suspend fat in a watery digestive mixture, making fat more available to digestive enzymes A. Bicarbonate B. Mucus C. Bile D. Pancreatic juices

C. Bile

Missy visits a doctor because she feels tired most of the time, is easily distracted and feels chilled. As part of her examination, Missy has blood drawn to be tested for concentrations of nutrients and their by-products. This part of the examination is the A. Anthropometric assessment B. Physical examination C. Biochemical evaluation D. Clinical examination

C. Biochemical evaluation

a rich source of vitamin E is A. an orange B. a chicken breast C. corn oil D. prime rib

C. Corn oil

Which of the following are substances in plant foods that are not digested in the stomach or small intestine? A. Dextrose B. Disaccharides C. Dietary Fibers D. Simple sugars

C. Dietary Fibers

These protein-based substances enhance digestion by making chemical reactions more likely to happen A. Bile B. Emulsifiers C. Enzymes D. Hormones

C. Enzymes

Which of the following is true about digestive enzymes? A. one enzyme can speed many types of chemical processes B. Enzymes are not sensitive to temperature C. Enzymes that work in the acidic environment of the stomach cannot work in the basic or alkaline environment of the small intestine and vice versa D. Enzymes typically work very slowly

C. Enzymes that work in the acidic environment of the stomach cannot work in the basic or alkaline

In passive absorption (diffusion) nutrients enter the cell A. with a carrier B. with the expenditure of energy C. From an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration D. from an area of lower concentration to one of higher concentration

C. From an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration

Which of the following hormones is released during stressful times to increase blood glucose levels, making more energy available for use? A. insuline B. Epinephrine C. Glycogen D. Progesterone

C. Glycogen

Cardiovascular disease risk factors include all of the following except A. total blood cholesterol >200mg/dl B. blood triglycerides >200 mg/dl C. HDL cholesterol > 40 mg/dl D. Hypertension

C. HDL cholesterol > 40 mg/dl

Which of the following is not a true statement about USDA MyPyramid Fruit group A. Eat 2 cups every day B. Eat a variety of fruit C. Include plenty of fruit juices for your fruit servings D. Choose fresh, frozen, canned or dried fruit

C. Include plenty of fruit juices for your fruit servings

Which of the following is true about cholesterol? A. It is an essential nutrient B. It is found only in plants C. It is found only in animal products D. It is found in plant and animal foods

C. It is found only in animal products

Which of the following is not a monosaccharide A. Galactose B. Fructose C. Lactose D. Glucose

C. Lactose

Which of the following hormones is made by the fat cells and influences long-term regulation of total fat stores? A. Endorphins B. Cortisol C. Leptin D. Neuropeptide Y

C. Leptin

Blood leaving the intestine goes by way of a vein to the A. Kidneys B. Heart C. Liver D. Pancreas

C. Liver

Which organ will first receive sugars after they are absorbed into the blood? A. Kidney B. Heart C. Liver D. Pancreas

C. Liver

After digestion and absorption, which organ system carried fat and fat-soluble vitamins? A. Portal B. Enterohepatic C. Lymphatic D. Mesentery

C. Lymphatic

Which of the following is a food that provides adequate amounts all of the essential amino acids? A. peanut butter B. navy beans C. milk D. wheat

C. Milk

Which of the following in not a characteristic of protein? A. Major component of body structure B. Supplies 4 kcalories per gram C. Most significant energy source for humans D. Forms enzymes

C. Most significant source for humans

Tina is consuming 12mg of iron per day. Her RDA is 15 mg. She has no condition warranting a greater-than-normal need for iron which of the following statements is true about her consumption of this nutrient? A. She is likely to be deficient in iron B. She will need to consume significantly more iron, above the RDA to make up for her intake C. Only if her intake is consistently less than 70% of the RDA would she be at great risk of nutritional deficiency D. She couldn't possibly be getting enough iron for her needs

C. Only if her intake is consistently less than 70% of the RDA would she be at great risk of nutritional deficiency

The MAJOR fat digesting enzyme is A. pepsin B. salivary amylase C. pancreatic lipase D. gastric lipase

C. Pancreatic lipase

The process that plants use to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of the sun's heat and light is called A. Biosynthesis B. Anabolism C. Photosynthesis D. Glycogenesis

C. Photosynthesis

The major function of adipose tissue is to A. store cholesterol B. Synthesize protein for muscle C. Store triglycerides D. store glycogen

C. Store triglycerides

In chemistry terms, which of the following most accurately describes the term organic? A. Products sold at health food stores B. Substances containing energy-yielding nutrient C. Substances containing carbon D. Products grown without the use of pesticides

C. Substances containing carbon

When looking at the ingredient label of a bottled spaghetti sauce, you see that olive oil is the second ingredient. This means that olive oil is A. The second ingredient by alphabetical listing B. just one of the ingredients present in the sauce C. The second most abundant ingredient by weight D. The second most abundant ingredient by volume

C. The second most abundant ingredient by weight

Which term describes failing health that results from a long-standing dietary intake that does not meet nutritional needs? A. Desirable nutrition B. Balanced Nutrition C. Undernutrition D. Inferior nutrition

C. Undernutrition

The main function of the large intestine is to absorb A. Fats and proteins B. Vitamins and minerals C. Water and minerals D. Proteins and carbohydrates

C. Water and minerals

If you wanted to add a significant quantities of vitamins and minerals to your diet from the food you eat, a good choice would be A. a doughnut made with enriched white flour B. apple juice C. a fortified breakfast cereal such as total raisin bran D. a banana

C. a fortified breakfast cereal such as total raisin bran

In the body 99 percent of calcium is found in the A. the liver B. intracellular fluid C. bones and teeth D. nerve cells

C. bones and teeth

According to the RDA the mineral that you need in the largest amounts is A. iron B. iodine C. calcium D. cooper

C. calcium

Which of the following is true about the forms of vitamin A A. retinoids are found in plant foods B. carotenoids are found in animal foods C. carotenoids can be converted to retinoids D. Retinoids are converted to carotenoids

C. carotenoids can be converted to retinoids

All of the following are appropriate means of eliminating Crypotosporidium from drinking water except A. reverse osmosis B. boiling water C. chlorination D. using a special filter

C. chlorination

Potassium is found in the largest quantities in A. milk and dairy products B. meats C. fruits and vegetables D. refined grains

C. fruits and vegetables

Two tablespoons (Tbsp) of salad dressing, peanut butter or margarine is about the size of a A. Yoyo B. Baseball C. Tennis ball D. Golf ball

C. golf ball

Which statement about vitamins is true? A. cannot be stored by the body B. are inorganic C. help regulate chemical reactions in the body D. directly supply energy

C. help regulate chemical reactions in the body

Vitamin D is unique among the vitamins because A. it is absorbed and transported via the lymphatic system B. absorption requires bile and fat C. it can be formed in the body by skin exposure to the sun D. it can be stored

C. it can be formed in the body by skin exposure to the sun

proteins are digested in which ares of the body? A. mouth and stomach B. mouth and small intestine C. stomach and small intestine D. small and large intestine

C. stomach and small intestine

Which of the following statements does not describe the role of minerals in the body A. they make possible the transfer of nerve impulses B. they are constituents of important body compounds C. they provide 4 kcalories per gram D. they help maintain water balance

C. they provide 4 kcalories per gram

Medical conditions related to metabolic syndrome are A. type 1 diabetes, coronary artery disease and cancer B. type 1 diabetes, coronary artery disease and stroke C. Type 2 diabetes coronary artery disease and stroke D. Type 2 diabetes coronary artery disease and cancer

C. type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and stroke

Vitamins involved in red blood cell synthesis are A. folate and thiamin B. thiamin and niacin C. vitamins B12 and folate D. folate and pantothenic acid

C. vitamin B12 and folate

Efficient deposition of calcium and phosphorus in bones is the net effect of A. vitamin a B. riboflavin C. vitamin D D. niacin

C. vitamin D

The six classes of nutrients include....

Carbohydrates, lipids (Fats), protein, vitamins, minerals and water

Adult men need how much total water in take per day A. 2.0 liters B. 2.7 liters C. 3.0 liters D. 3.7 liters

D. 3.7

A meal consisting of a cheeseburger, large fries and a chocolate shake provides a total of 1,120 kcalories, of which 48 percent of the energy is from carbohydrate and 13 percent from protein. How many kcalories of fat does the meal contain? A. 137 B. 313 C. 287 D. 437

D. 437

What percentage of a meal has been absorbed by the time it leaves the small intestine A. 25% B. 55% C. 80% D. 95%

D. 95%

The basic structure of amino acid is C carbon atom with four different elements/groups bonded to it. The carbon has a hydrogen atom attached, a carboxyl group (acid group) _______ and a generic "R" group, which identifies the amino acids A. sulfhydrl gorup B. hydroxyl group C. Methyl group D. Amino group

D. Amino group

Measurements of height, weight, body circumferences and body fat are called A. Sonography B. Electrocardiography C. Echocardiography D. Anthropometry

D. Anthropometry

Intestinal bacteria can make this B vitamin in adequate amount to meet human needs A. folate B. vitamin B6 C. pantothenic acid D. Biotin

D. Biotin

Viscous (soluble) fibers A. Increase stool size significantly B. are not readily fermented by intestinal bacteria C. Do not dissolve in water D. Can lower blood cholesterol

D. Can lower blood cholesterol

Which statement best describes nutrient density? A. choose a number of different foods within any given food group rather than the "same old thing" B. Consume a variety of foods from MyPyramid's five major food groups every day C. Plan your entire day's diet so that you don't overconsume nutrient sources D. Consume foods that have the most nutritions for their kcalories

D. Consume foods that have the most nutritions for their kcalories

The nitrogen from amino acid breakdown is A. stored in the liver B. oxidized to carbohydrate C. converted to fat D. converted to urea

D. Converted to urea

The RDAs for nutrients generally are A. The minimum amounts the average adult male requires B. More than twice the requirements C. Designed to prevent deficiency disease in half the population D. Designed to be adequate for almost all healthy people

D. Designed to be adequate for almost all healthy people

Glucose also is known as A. levulose B. ribose C. maltose D. Dextrose

D. Dextrose

Which of the following nutrition-related diseases is not one of the three leading causes of death in the United States A. Cardiovascular disease B. Cancer C. Stroke D. Diabetes

D. Diabetes

John Fibernugget wants to increase his fiber intake. Which of the following would be the safest way for him to do this? A. Eating enriched grains such as Rice Krispies and Saltines B. Increasing his meat intake C. Reading the labels of grain products and buying those labeled "wheat flour" D. Eating more fruits and vegetables and not removing the edible peels

D. Eating more fruits and vegetables and not removing the edible peels

Gram for gram which provides the most energy A. Carbohydrate B. Protein C. Alcohol D. Fat/Lipids

D. Fats/Lipids

Which of the following hormones is released to correct a hypoglycemic state? A. insulin B. testosterone C. Estrogen D. Glucagon

D. Glucagon

When eating a high-fiber diet one should A. Restrict fluid intake B. Not be concerned about consuming large amounts C. Avoid foods that are not whole grain D. Increase fluid intake

D. Increase fluid intake

Which of the following is true about Olestra? A. It does provide kcalories but not as many as fat provides B. It can be used for frying C. It is not approved for use by the FDA D. It cannot be digested, therefore it leaves the body

D. It cannot be digested, therefore it leaves the body

All of the following are true of high quality protein except A. it contains all essential amino acids B. it can support body maintenance C. it can support body growth D. it provides 7 kcal/g of energy

D. It provides 7 kcal/g of energy

All of the following are characteristics of heartburn except which one? A. It is a gnawing pain in the upper chest B. It is caused by a backflow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus C. It can damage the esophagus because it has no mucus lining to protect the esophagus D. It subsides when a person relaxes and lies down after a meal

D. It subsides when a person relaxes and lies down after a meal

Which of the following is true about protein intake of people in the United States A. most do not consume enough protein B. athletes generally do not get enough protein without supplements C. most consume approximately the amount needed to balance losses D. Most consume more than is needed

D. Most consume more than is needed

Peristalsis refers to A. Chewing and swallowing B. The opening and closing of sphincters C. The action of bile on dietary fat D. Muscular movement of materials through the GI tract

D. Muscular movement of materials through the GI tract

One cup of apple juice has 111 kcalories and 1.4 mg of vitamin C. The same serving of orange juice has 112 kcalories and 124 mg of vitamin C. Which of the following is true regarding their nutrient density? A. Apple juice is more vitamin C nutrient dense than orange juice B. To get adequate vitamin C while watching kcalorie intake, it would be better to consume apple juice than orange juice C. Apple juice would be a better choice than orange juice in terms of vitamin c, while watching kcalories D. Orange juice is more vitamin c nutrient dense than apple juice

D. Orange juice is more vitamin C nutrient dense than apple juice

Kate consumes 1,900 kcalories each day. She requires 1,750 kcalories to meet daily energy needs. Over time, Kate's kcalorie consumption could lead to A. Undernutrition B. Unbalanced nutrition C. Balanced Nutrition D. Overnutrition

D. Overnutrition

What enzyme is responsible for carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine A. Salivary amylase B. Bicarbonate C. Pancreatic protease D. Pancreatic amylase

D. Pancreatic amylase

What is the function of mucus in the stomach? A.Emulsifies fats B. Neutralizes stomach acid C. Digests food D. protects stomach cells from gastric juices

D. Protects stomach cells from gastric juices

Which of the following meals would leave the stomach last? A. Bagel, orange juice, and banana B. Non-fat yogurt, banana and skim milk C. Raisin bran, skim milk, english muffin, and coffee D. Sausage, egg, cheese, biscuit and coffee

D. Sausage, egg, cheese, biscuit and coffee

Of the following, which is a major source of sucrose A. Alcohol B. Fruits C. Grains D. Sugar Cane

D. Sugar cane

The main function of glucose is to A. Serve as raw material to build tissue B. Work with enzymes to carry out chemical reactions C. Repair tissue D. Supply energy

D. Supply energy

Which of the following is not true of dietary fibers? A. They are mostly polysaccharides B. The bonds between sugar units cannot be broken by human digestive enzymes C. They cannot be absorbed by the small intestine D. They are absorbed in the large intestine

D. They are absorbed in the large intestine

In which form are most dietary lipids found? A. sterols B. phospholipids C. monoglycerides D. Triglycerides

D. Triglycerides

Which of the following contain no calories? A. Alcohol B. Proteins C. Carbohydrates D. Vitamins

D. Vitamins

Proteins regulate the acid-base balance of the blood by A. releasing an acid B. releasing nitrogen C. binding sodium ions D. acting as buffers

D. acting as buffers

Which of the following is true about the absorption, transport and storage of fat-soluble vitamins? A. they enter the blood stream directly after absorption B. fat in the digestive contents is not important for their absorption C. they are not stored to any great extent D. After absorption, they are transported in the blood stream to body cells and/or stored in the liver and fatty tissues

D. after absorption they are transported in the blood stream to body cells and/or stored in the liver and fatty tissues

water regulates body temperature through heat loss via A. conduction B. radiation C. respiration D. evaporation

D. evaporation

The most reliable source of vitamin d in the diet is A. poultry B. whole-grain cereals C. yellow squash D. fortified milk

D. fortified milk

The most reliable source of vitamin B12 for the began would be A. milk B. cheese C. eggs D. fortified soybean milk

D. fortified soybean milk

Consumption of a diet high in salt by a healthy individual will A. cause damage to the kidney B. result in edema C. increase fecal excretion of sodium D. increase urinary excretion of sodium

D. increase urinary excretion of sodium

a goiter may form as a consequence of an inadequate intake of A. copper B. magnesium C. sodium D. iodide

D. iodide

The amount of water in each compartment mainly is controlled by A. oxygen concentration B. glucose concentration C. the presence of fatty acids D. ion concentration

D. ion concentration

What is magnesium's primary function? A. it acts as the carrier for calcium absorption B. it is important in hemoglobin synthesis C. it maintains mucus production in the digestive tract D. it is important for nerve and heart function

D. it is important for nerve and heart function

Which of the following is the best source of preformed vitamin A? A. Broccoli B. pork chops C. chicken breast D. liver

D. liver

the best source of iron is A. whole wheat bread B. egg yolk C. raisins D. liver

D. liver

Jack weighs 176 pounds. What is meant by the amino acid sequence of a protein? A. folding arrangement of the peptide chain B. number of side chains in the protein C. order of appearance of amino acids in the protein D. order of appearance of amino acids in the peptide chain

D. order of appearance of amino acids in the peptide chain

Which of the following is not true about pepsin? A. Pepsin acts on food in the stomach B. amino acid chains are the digestive products of its action C. acid activates pepsin D. pepsin works best in an alkaline environment

D. pepsin works best in an alkaline environment

We get most of the sulfur in our diet from A. carbohydrates B. water C. fats and oils D. proteins

D. proteins

After absorption long-chain fatty acids and monoglycerides inside intestinal cells are A. Converted to glucose B. converted to proteins C. converted to cholesterol D. reformed into triglycerides

D. reformed into triglycerides

All of the following are characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus except A. Arises most commonly in adulthood B. caused by insensitivity of fat and muscle cells to insulin C. Often associated with obesity D. The least common form of diabetes

D. the least common form of diabetes

johnny is 10 years old. He has had minimal protein intake for the last two years. He has just recently had surgery. What are the likely results of his deficient protein intake A. his surgical wound will not heal quickly and effectively but he will grow effectively B. his surgical would will heal quickly and effectively but he will not grow effectively C. his surgical wounds will heal effectively and he will grow normally because he can live off fat stores D. the size of his vital organs, including his heart, liver and muscles will decrease

D. the size of his vital organs, including his heart, liver and muscles will decrease

Alan has been hospitalized and you are concerned about his nutritional status. The give ways you would attempt to assess his nutritional status would be to take anthropometric measurements, determine environmental status and do biochemical evaluation, clinical, examination and _________ analysis

Dietary

Which government agency is responsible for most U.S. food labeling?

FDA

What is the major monosaccharide found in the body? A. glucose B. Fructose C. Galactose D. Sucrose

Glucose

The hormone ________ is released from the pancreas when blood glucose is elevated above a normal range

Insulin

____________ is an important protein that acts as a hormone. It is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas

Insulin

A ______ is generally a fake medicine used to disguise the treatments of participants in an experiment

Placebo

a ___________ is a medication that inhibits the ability of gastric cells to secrete hydrogen ions

Proton pump inhibitor

In relation to fats, the dietary guidelines recommend choosing foods that contain ________ fatty acids/fats

Unsaturated

_________ are lipoproteins made by intestinal absorption cells. The dietary fat is surrounded by a shell of cholesterol, phospholipids, and protein that act to transport absorbed fat from the intestine to the lymphatic system (and then circulatory system

chylomicron

When using the USDA MyPlate to choose fruits and vegetables one should include a vitamin C source such as citrus fruit and a dark green vegetables each day as a source of ______

vitamin A

_______ are building blocks of protein

amino acids

A reduced sense of taste is associated with a deficiency of A. iron B. zinc C. chromium D. selenium

B.

A reasonable and recommended goal for dietary fiver intake is how many grams? A. 10 to 12 B. 15 to 30 C. 20 to 34 B. 25 to 38

B. 25 to 38

The MYPlate guidelines recommend that we be physically active for at least how many minutes most days of the week? A. 20 B. 30 C. 45 D. 60

B. 30

The Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) of the National Academy of Sciences advocates that 10% to 35% of calories come from protein and _______ from carbohydrate A. 20% to 30% B. 45% to 65% C. 50% to 70% D. 55% to 75%

B. 45% to 65%

A large hamburger sandwich contains 628 kcalories and 36 grams of fat. Approximately what percentage of the total energy is contributed to fat? A. 23% B. 52% C. 19% D. 41%

B. 52%

Which of the following breakfasts would be the highest in carbohydrates? A. grapefruit half, 2 fried eggs, 3 bacon slices, 1 slice toast with butter, coffee B. 8 ounces orange juice, 2 cups of cream of wheat with 2 tablespoons sugar, english muffin with jelly, 1 cup whole milk C. 8 ounces orange juice, 2 bran muffins, 8 ounces nonfat yogurt, coffee D. 1 cup of whole milk, 2 ounces sausage, 2 fried eggs, 1 slice of toast with butter

B. 8 ounces orange juice, 2 cups of cream of wheat with 2 tablespoons sugar, english muffin with jelly, 1 cup whole milk

All of the following are essential amino acids except A. threonine B. Alanine C. Methionine D. Lysine

B. Alanine

Which of the following accurately describes the term hypotheses? A. A test made to examine the validity of an educated guess B. An educated guess by a scientist to explain a phenomenon C. A study of how disease rates vary among different population groups D. An explanation for a phenomenon that has numerous lines of evidence to support it

B. An educated guess by a scientist to explain a phenomenon

Which of the following therapies is an appropriate for ulcer treatment? A. Aspirin B. Antacids C. Orange juice D. Milk and cream

B. Antacids