Nutrition Final Exam Chapter 9 review

The adequate intake value for SODIUM per day

1,500 mg

The amount of sodium needed per day to maintain physiological function

200 mg

How is excess body weight related to hypertension

Additional blood vessels place extra strain on the heart

Which of the following groups are at increased risk for hypertension

African Americans

Depletes Potassium levels

Alcoholism. Diuretic use, Excessive vomiting

Which of the following are functions of water in the body

All of these functions of water in the body

Why is water effective for body temperature

Evaporation of water from the skin releases heat energy

Increases potassium levels

eating a diet rich in unprocessed foods (milk, fruits, vegetables, meat)

The amount of sodium the Percent Daily value is based on

2,400 mg

Dehydration leads to increased ion concentration of the blood. This causes water to

move out of cells

Lino is a linebacker on his college football team. He is concerned about achieving adequate hydration during intense, hot summer football practices. Lino weighs himself before and after practice and notices that he loses five pounds by the time practice is over. How many cups of water should he be drinking to replace these fluid losses?

12.5-15 cups

The tolerable upper intake level for sodium per day

2,300 per day

A woman with diagnosed osteoporosis is told by her doctor to take 1,000 mg of calcium carbonate in addition to increasing intake of calcium-containing foods in her diet and including regular weight-bearing exercise. How many mg of calcium are in this 1,000 mg regimen of calcium carbonate?

400 mg calcium

Decreases Calcium absorption

Being over 70 years old, having a high fiber diet rich in phytic acid, Oxalic acid in spinach.

Low-sodium foods

Brown rice, pears, and asparagus

Minerals from animal products are better absorbed than are minerals from plant products because the ______________ inhibit absorption

Fiber binders in plant foods

As a mother of young children, Laura is concerned about her kids' dental health because they live in a community that does not have fluoridated water. Fluoride helps protect against dental caries. Where else can her kids get fluoride?

Fluoridated toothpaste

Increases Calcium absorption

Having a healthy GI tract through which digestive contents can easily flow, Eating Vitamin D-enriched foods, pregnancy

Lino has lactose intolerance. He has been researching non-dairy sources of calcium and learns that dark green leafy greens do contain calcium, but in some types of greens, the calcium is not absorbed because of the presence of oxalic acid. Of the following types of greens, which one will have the least amount of bioavailable calcium?

Spinach

While studying Egyptian anthropology, Lino was surprised to learn that zinc deficiency was common among certain Middle Eastern populations, even though their diet was high in zinc-containing foods. What caused the zinc deficiency in these populations?

The high amount of phytic acid in unleavened bread in the diet bound the zinc, decreasing its bioavailability in the body.

Lino's grandmother always said, "Feed a fever, starve a cold." Why would it be advisable to increase calories when experiencing a fever?

When you have a fever, your body loses hear--which represents energy loss-and increases ones need for calories

High sodium foods

Deli meats, canned soup, cheese

Enriching grains doesn't restore a grain to its original mineral value; the only mineral added back during enrichment of gran products is _____

iron

Spinach contains a good amounts of calcium, but the __________ in spinach binds calcium, reducing its ____________

oxalic acid; bioavailability

Lino recently saw a "high-potency" mineral supplement being advertised on a late-night infomercial. He compared the amount of minerals in the supplement with the percent Daily Values recommended for minerals and determined that the supplement contained megadoses of minerals. Why can taking megadoses of individual mineral supplements be potentially harmful?

taking megadoses of individual mineral supplements can greatly diminish the absorption and metabolism of other minerals.

High dietary intake of ______ is associated with reductions in blood pressure

Potassium

Food processing can also affect a food's mineral content; refining a grain _________ the mineral content of the food

decreases