Nutrition Final
campylobacter
- Foodborne ilnness - raw and undercooked poultry, unpasteurized milk, contaminated water - onset 2-5 days - diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, fever, sometimes bloody stools lasts 10-12 days
clostridium
- foodborne illness - meats and meat products held at between 120F and 130F - onset 8-16 hours - abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea lasting 1 to 2 days
escherichia coli; E. Coli
- foodborne illness - onset 1-8 days - severe bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps, vomiting lasts 5-10 days
norovirus
- foodborne illness - person-to-person contact, raw foods, salads, sandwiches -onset 1-2 days - vomiting, lasts 1-2 days
salmonella
- foodborne illness - raw or undercooked eggs, meats, poultry, raw milk, and other dairy products, shrimp, frog legs, yeast, coconut, pasta, and chocolate - onset 1-3 days - fever, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea lasting 4-7 days - can be fatal
toxoplasma
- foodborne illness - raw or undercooked meat, contaminated water, raw goats milk, ingestion after contact with infected cat feces - onset 7-21 days - swollen glands, fever, headache, muscle pain, stiff neck
listeria
- foodborne illness - unpasteurized milk, fresh soft cheeses, luncheon meats, hot dogs - onset 1-21 days - fever, muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, blood poisoning, complications in pregnancy, meningitis, lasting neurological damage, death
staphylococcus
- foodborne intoxication - toxin produced in improperly refrigerated meats, eggs, tuna, potato, and macaroni salads, cream filled pastries - onset 1-6 hours - diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, fever, lasts 1-2 days
clostridium
- foodborne intoxication - anaerobic environment of low acidity (canned corn, peppers, green beans, soups, beets, asparagus, mushrooms, ripe olives, spinach, tuna, chicken, chicken liver, luncheon meats, ham, sausage, stuffed eggplant, lobster, and smoked and salted fish) - onset 4-36 hours - nervous system symptoms, including double vision, inability to swallow, speech difficulty, and progressive paralysis of the respiratory system, often fatal, leaves prolonged symptoms in survivors
what is the food safety temperature for a freezer?
0 degrees F - some microorganisms killed, bacteria may survive but do not multiply
What is the danger zone for developing chlostridium in foods?
120-130 degrees ferenheit
The food safety temperatures to keep hot food at or above is:
140 degrees F
the food safety temperature for boiling water is:
212 degrees F
What is the food safety temperature for a fridge?
40 degrees F - bacteria survive, but multiply slowly
To prevent foodborne illnesses, the refirgerator's temperature should be less than _______.
40 degrees fereinheit
Which food temperature range is considered the danger zone for increased risk of foodborne illness?
40-140 degrees F
The food safety temperature for the danger zone (where bacteria multiply quickly) is:
40-140 degrees ferenheit
It is desirable to begin feeding the infant iron-fortified cereal by about ________ months of age.
6
Children who skip breakfast...
Are more likely to be overweight.
The four core practices for food safety are...
Clean, Separate, Cook, Chill
Which of the following organisms can cause hemolytic-uremic syndrome?
Escherichia coli
A sure way to get a baby to sleep through the night is to feed solid foods as soon as the baby can swallow them.
False
A sure way to get babies to sleep through the night is to feed solid foods as soon as they can swallow. (T or F)
False
An infants BMR is only half that of an adult, based on body weight. (T or F)
False
An initial goal for the overweight and obese children is to encourage moderate weight loss. (T or F)
False
Antioxidant supplements have been shown to slow down the progression of Alzeheimer's disease.
False
In light of the developmental needs of one-year-olds, parents should allow such behaviors as standing at the table throwing food.
False
It is possible to eliminate all toxins from your diet by eating only "natural" foods.
False
Older adults are not able to maintain muscle mass and strength. (T or F)
False
Pregnant women are advised not to eat certain types of fish due to high lead levels. (T or F)
False
Research to date supports the idea that food allergies or intolerances are common causes of hyperactivity in children.
False
Single elderly people who routinely eat alone most often prefer isolation and should be left to themselves.
False
The American Academy of Pediatrics urges all women to drink only moderately during pregnancy.
False
The threat of foodborne illness from meats of seafood is serious, but produce causes illness only rarely.
False
The threat of foodborne illness from meats or seafood is serious, but produce only rarely causes illness. (T or F)
False
Vitamin A absorption decreases with age.
False
Which of the following is most commonly deficient in adolescents?
Iron
The word organic on the label is on guarantee that a food is...
More nutritious.
What is the major factor in low birthweight?
Poor Nutrition
Nitrates added to foods
Prevent the growth of the deadly Clostridium botulinum bacterium, preserve the pink color of hot dogs, are linked to colon cancer within animals
A pregnant women needs an extra 340 calories/day above the allowance for non-pregnant women during which trimester?
Second
Which of the following does not characterize the damage done by alcohol during pregnancy?
Stimulates maternal appetite and therefore increases fetal nutrition
A pregnant woman needs an extra 450 calories above the allowance for nonpregnant women women during which trimesters(s)?
Third
A genetically engineered rice variety in existence today supplies sufficient beta-carotene to fight vitamin A deficiency and childhood blindness worldwide.
True
A low birthweight baby is one who weighs less than 5.5 pounds. (T or F)
True
A major reason why a woman's nutrition before pregnancy is crucial is that it determines whether the uterus will support the growth of a normal placenta?
True
Evidence does not suggest that conventional foods pose health risks or that using organic products reduces risks.
True
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is one of the leading known preventable causes of mental retardation in the world.
True
Food packaging can contribute to food safety.
True
Fostering a sense of autonomy in a one-year-old includes allowing the child to explore and experiment with her food.
True
Infants under one year of age should never be fed honey because it can contain spores of Clostridium botulinum.
True
Loneliness affects many people, young and old alike, and can negatively impact overall health. (T or F)
True
Maternal dietary calcium intake has no effect on the calcium content of breast milk.
True
Microorganisms can cause foodborne illness either by infection or intoxication.
True
Numerous health organizations report that irradiation of food is safe and can improve food safety in the US and worldwide. (T or F)
True
Nutrition does not seem to play a role in the causation of osteoarthritis.
True
Obese children can develop type 2 diabetes and hypertension. (T or F)
True
On pound-for-pound basis, a 5 year old's need for vitamin A is about double the need of an adult man.
True
The FDA endorses the use of artificial/nonnutritive sweeteners as safe if within the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) levels. (T or F)
True
The risk of health from pesticides is exceeding low. (T or F)
True
The term processed foods is not synonymous with junk foods.
True
When women in developed countries die of pregnancy complications, the cause is often eclampsia.
True
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP)
all food producers have this plan
Protective Factors in breast milk include
antiviral agents, anti-inflammatory agents, antibacterial agents
Incidental food additives
are really contaminants
Which of the following preventative measures should a pregnant woman take to avoid contracting listeriosis?
avoid feta cheese and thoroughly heat hot dogs
Nutrients and drugs can interact
before ingestion or absorption, within the body tissues, and at the level of gene expression
Dangerous symptoms of foodborne illnesses include:
bloody stools, dehydration, diarrhea of more than 3 days duration, fever of longer than 24 hours duration, headache with muscle stiffness and fever, numbness, muscle weakness, tingling sensations in the skin, rapid heart rate, fainting, dizziness, severe intestinal cramps
Normal, everyday causes of "hyper" behavior in kids include all of the following...
caffeinated drinks, lack of sleep, and missed meals
A healthy child's normal appetite control system
can be short-circulated by a constant stream of foods high in added sugars, saturated fat, and refined grains
4 core safe food practices are:
clean, separate, cook, chill
In research, which of the following is associated with a longer life span in many species?
energy restriction
From farm to plate:
farm > processing > transportation > retail > plate
To support lactation, a breastfeeding woman needs more of the following:
fluid and energy
Breastfed infants may need supplements of ___________.
fluoride, iron, and vitamin D
A deficiency of which nutrient during pregnancy appears to be related to an increased risk of neural tube defects in newborns?
folate
A child who ate cream of broccoli soup and became ill now feels ill whenever it is served. The child most likely has a
food aversion
selective breeding
has been used for thousands of years
Which of the following may be contracted from fresh raw or undercooked seafood?
hepatitis, worms and flukes, and viral intestinal disorders
The pregnant woman's body helps to conserve iron by...
increasing iron absorption
Lead poisoning in young children
is likely because they absorb 5 to 10 times more lead than do adults
Compared with conventionally grown produce, organic produce is often
lower in pesticides and higher in phytochemicals
Which of the following foods poses a choking hazard to infants and small children?
marshmallows and hot dog slices
Some microorganisms produce illness-causing _____________.
neurotoxins and enterotoxins
Which of the following can contribute to choking in children?
peanut butter eaten by the spoonful, hot dogs and tough meat, and grapes and hard candy
Physical changes of aging that can affect nutrition include __________.
reduced stomach acid and tooth loss and gum disease
Food processing can confer a nutritional advantage by
reducing the costs of nutritious foods
The word DETERMINE is an acronym used in assessing an elderly person's ___________.
risk of malnutrition
Which of the following is not associated with peak bone mass?
scholastic achievement
Without proper management, Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes during pregnancy can cause...
severe hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia, preterm labor, and pregnancy-related hypertension
Without proper management, Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes during pregnancy can cause all except...
severe nausea
To treat obesity in children, the first goal is to
slow their rate of gain while they grow taller
Irradiation can
sterilize spices
Which of the following is correct concerning fruits that have been irradiated?
they decay and ripen more slowly
Tommy consumed a breakfast consisting of wheat toast with blueberries, corn grits, and orange juice. Which was most likely to cause an allergic reaction?
toast
Normal, everyday causes of "hyper" behavior in kids include all of the following except...
too much exercise.
Lactating women who smoke tobacco
transfer nicotine and other chemicals to their infants through their breast milk
Children often fail to consume adequate amounts of ___________.
vegetables
A person planning a nutritious diet for an elderly person should pay particular attention to providing enough __________.
vitamin B12
Which of the following may lessen symptoms of depression associated with PMS?
vitamin D