Nutrition Hesi 1

4

A client who has had recurrent infections before and during pregnancy should be instructed to eat a nutrient-rich diet as a means of supporting the body's natural defense mechanisms. What should the nurse encourage the client to include in her diet? 1 Fat-soluble vitamins 2 Dietary fiber and oat bran 3 Low-fat foods with essential fatty acids 4 Vitamins C and E

4

What is the required average daily intake of calories in preschoolers? 1 400 2 700 3 1,000 4 1,800

4

When assessing the characteristics of an adolescent with anorexia nervosa, how does the nurse expect to describe the adolescent? 1 Manic 2 Rebellious 3 Hypoactive 4 Perfectionistic

3

Which nutrient deficiency in the pregnant adolescent may result in decreased birth weight as a consequence of low bone mineral density in the fetus? 1 Zinc 2 Iron 3 Calcium 4 Folic acid

4

A client with dementia and a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube is being cared for at home. Which action provides evidence that a family member is effectively managing the client's care? 1 Empty feeding bag stays attached to the tubing. 2 Tube is flushed with air after medication is given. 3 Replacement of the tube is done on a weekly basis. 4 Head of the bed remains elevated after the feeding

3

A client with osteoporosis has been receiving dietary information from the nurse. Which food selection by the client indicates that the nurse's dietary instruction was effective? 1 Red meat 2 Soft drinks 3 Turnip greens 4 Enriched grains

4

A nurse is teaching the parents of a school-aged child with celiac disease about the nutrients that must be avoided in a gluten-free diet. What nutrients should the nurse teach the parents to avoid? 1 Saturated oils and fats 2 Milk and hard cheeses 3 Corn and rice products 4 Wheat and oat products

3

The nurse assesses a client for the development of pernicious anemia after reviewing the client's history. Which condition did the nurse most likely find in the history? 1 Acute gastritis 2 Diabetes mellitus 3 Partial gastrectomy 4 Unhealthy dietary habits

2

The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving a thiazide diuretic for hypertension. Which food selection by the client indicates to the nurse that dietary teaching about thiazide diuretics is successful? 1 Apples 2 Broccoli 3 Cherries 4 Cauliflower

2

The nurse is taking care of a client with cirrhosis of the liver and ascites. Which lunch is the best choice for a client with this disorder? 1 Ham sandwich with cheese, whole milk, and potato chips 2 Penne pasta, spinach, banana, and decaffeinated iced tea 3 Baked lasagna with sausage, salad, and milkshake 4 Hamburger, french fries, and cola

1 year old (The use of whole cow's milk, 2% cow's milk, or alternate milk products before the age of 12 months is not recommended)

What would the nurse explain is the recommended age when a child can start having whole cow's milk? Record your answer using a whole number. _____ year(s) old

4

An obese adult develops an abscess after abdominal surgery. The wound is healing by secondary intention and requires repacking and redressing every 4 hours. Which diet should the nurse expect the healthcare provider to prescribe to best meet this client's immediate nutritional needs? 1 Low in fat and vitamin D 2 High in calories and fiber 3 Low in residue and bland 4 High in protein and vitamin C

1

The nurse provides education about signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia to a client with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. The nurse concludes that the teaching was effective when the client acknowledges the need to drink orange juice when experiencing which symptoms? 1 Nervous and weak 2 Thirsty with a headache 3 Flushed and short of breath 4 Nausea and abdominal cramps

3

A mental health nurse is admitting a client with anorexia nervosa. When obtaining the history and physical assessment, the nurse expects the client's condition to reveal what? 1 Edema 2 Diarrhea 3 Amenorrhea 4 Hypertension

3

A nurse instructs a client with viral hepatitis about the type of diet that should be ingested. Which lunch selected by the client indicates understanding about dietary principles associated with this diagnosis? 1 Turkey salad, french fries, sherbet 2 Cottage cheese, mixed fruit salad, milkshake 3 Salad, sliced chicken sandwich, gelatin dessert 4 Cheeseburger, tortilla chips, chocolate pudding

1

A nurse is caring for a client with cholelithiasis. Which clinical manifestation does the nurse expect if the client develops obstructive jaundice? 1 Yellow sclera 2 Pain on urination 3 Dark brown stools 4 Coffee-ground emesis

2

A nurse is planning care for a client with substance-induced persisting dementia resulting from long-term alcohol use. Which nutritional problem, in addition to the effect of alcohol on brain tissue, has contributed to substance-induced persisting dementia? 1 Increase in serotonin 2 Deficiency of thiamine 3 Reduction in iron intake 4 Malabsorption of riboflavin

1,2,5

A nurse is providing dietary teaching for a client with celiac disease. Which foods should the nurse teach the client to avoid when following a gluten-free diet? Select all that apply 1 Rye 2 Oats 3 Rice 4 Corn 5 Wheat

2

A 17-year-old adolescent was recently found to have type 2 diabetes mellitus. What information will the nurse include when providing education to the family? 1 "Your teen will need insulin injections for the rest of her life." 2 "The most important interventions are good nutrition and portion control." 3 "This is a condition where the body produces antibodies against its own cells." 4 "This condition causes weight loss and increased appetite, thirst, and urination."

1

A 17-year-old client is found to have anorexia nervosa. The psychiatrist, in conjunction with the client and the parents, decides to institute a behavior modification program. What does the nurse recall is a major component of behavior modification? 1 Rewarding positive behavior 2 Reducing necessary restrictions 3 Deconditioning fear of weight gain 4 Reducing anxiety-producing situations

3

A 9-year-old child who has iron-deficiency anemia tells the school nurse, "I get dizzy in gym class." What is the most likely explanation for this symptom? 1 Inflammation of the inner ear 2 Sudden drop in blood pressure 3 Insufficient cerebral oxygenation 4 Decreased level of serum glucose

1

A client describes abdominal discomfort following ingestion of milk. Which enzyme, as a result of a genetic deficiency, should the nurse consider to be the cause of the client's discomfort? 1 Lactase 2 Sucrase 3 Maltase 4 Amylase

3

A client is receiving total parenteral nutrition. The nurse assesses for which client response that indicates hyperglycemia? 1 Paralytic ileus 2 Respiratory rate below 16 3 A fruity odor to the breath 4 Serum glucose of 105 mg/100 mL

2

A client was admitted with full-thickness burns 2 weeks ago. Since admission, the client has lost an average of 1 lb (0.5 kg) of weight each day. Which action will the nurse most likely take based upon the adjusted dietary plan? 1 Provide low-sodium milk. 2 Provide high-protein drinks. 3 Provide foods that are low in potassium. 4 Provide 10% more calories in the form of fats.

4

A client with arthritis reports receiving several dietary suggestions over the years. Which recommendation for a daily diet should the nurse reinforce? 1 Wheat germ and yeast 2 Yogurt and blackstrap molasses 3 Multiple vitamin supplements in large doses 4 Adequate foods in a variety of different food groups

2

A client with hepatic cirrhosis begins to develop slurred speech, confusion, drowsiness, and a flapping tremor. Which diet can the nurse expect will be prescribed for this client based upon the assessment? 1 No protein 2 Moderate protein 3 High protein 4 Strict protein restriction

4

A nurse may find that for optimum nutrition a client with a cerebrovascular accident (also known as "brain attack") needs assistance with eating. What should the nurse do? 1 Request that the client's food be pureed. 2 Feed the client to conserve the client's energy. 3 Have a family member assist the client with each meal. 4 Encourage the client to participate in the feeding process

4

A pregnant client tells the nurse, "I'm sticking to my diet, and I don't eat anything containing salt." How should the nurse respond? 1 "You're doing fine. Just keep up the good work." 2 "A low-salt diet will protect you from getting swollen feet." 3 "We now encourage pregnant women to increase their salt intake because of changes in the circulation." 4 "Salt is necessary in your diet. Use a little when you're cooking, but avoid processed meats and canned foods with salt."

4

During change of shift report the night nurse indicates that a client cannot tolerate the prescribed intermittent tube feedings. Which action should the receiving nurse take first? 1 Suggest that an antiemetic be prescribed 2 Change the feeding schedule to omit nights 3 Request that the type of solution be changed 4 Gather more data from the night nurse about the technique used

1

The parents of a 6-month-old ask a nurse how to introduce their infant to pureed foods. How should the nurse respond? 1 "Introduce one food at a time every 4 to 7 days." 2 "Mix the pureed food with the formula two or three times a day." 3 "Try to maintain the formula intake regardless of solid food intake." 4 "Offer pureed foods by spoon after the bottle of formula is finished."