Nutrition in Health: Chapter 6: Lipids, Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Name one of the most common digestive diseases in the United States.

gallstones

CCk signals the pancreas to secrete____ lipase into the duodenum of the small intestine.

pancreatic

A trans fatty acid is similar in structure to a saturated fatty acid because the hydrocarbon chain is relatively ______.

straight

The AMDR is 20 to 35% for fat and should come predominately from____, such as fish, nuts, and vegetables oils.

polyunsaturated fatty acids monounsaturated fatty acids

_____is a symptom or by-product of ______.

Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis

Most gallstones are made of _____

cholesterol

The image represents the structure of a _____.

triglyceride

The Adequate Intake (Al) of alpha-linolenic acid for men (ages 19-50 years-old) is ______g/day and the Al of alpha-linolenic acid for women (ages 19-50 years old) is ______g/day.

1.6 1.1

Match term on the left with the best definition on the right. atherosclerosis arteriosclerosis

atherosclerosis- long-term disease process in which plaques build up inside the arterial walls. arteriosclerosis- a loss of arterial flexibility or "hardening of the arteries".

Digesting____ is a more complicated process than digesting _____, because the majority of the type of nutrient in foods are not water soluble and the digestive process involves considerable amounts of water.

lipids carbohydrates

The Adequate Intake of alpha-linolenic acid for men and women (ages 19-50 years old) is _____.

1.6 g/day and 1.1 g/day, respectively

Engaging in moderate-intensity physical activity at least ______ minutes a week and balancing energy intake with energy expenditure helps people achieve and maintain healthy body weighs.

150

Omega-______fatty acids decrease blood clotting and inflammation while omega-______ fatty acids increase blood clotting and inflammation.

3;6

Which of the following is an enzyme in the walls of capillaries that breaks down their load of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol?

Lipoprotein lipase

A triglyceride is composed of three fatty acids attached to a ______.

glycerol

Which of the following the tests should doctor perform to determine a person's risk for developing atherosclerosis?

Request lipoprotein profile Check blood pressure Test triglyceride levels

Which of the following substances are types of lipids?

Cholesterol Triglycerides

Women are more prone to heart attacks than men.

False

According to the Dietary Guidelines for American (Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range- AMDR), adults should keep their daily distribution of fat calories between _____ to ______ % of their total calories.

20 to 35%

_______ is the long-term process in which plaques build up inside arterial walls.

Atherosclerosis

Why are the chemical structures of trans and saturated fatty acids similar?

Both have a straight shape

_____ is found only in foods that contain animal products.

Cholesterol

What statement is true? Digesting carbohydrates is a more complicated process than digesting lipids. Digesting lipids is a more complicated process than digesting carbohydrates.

Digesting lipids is a more complicated process than digesting carbohydrates.

What enzyme breaks down triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol in the bloodstream?

Lipoprotein lipase

Which gender is more prone to heart attacks?

Men

The major adverse health conditions associated with consuming high amounts of fat are ______.

Obesity Heart disease Stroke Certain cancers

Which drug is commonly prescribed to help people reduce elevated blood lipid levels?

Statins

________ are a type of prescription drug that reduces a person's elevated blood lipid levels.

Statins

What are some things you can do to reduce fat intake?

Steam meats Choose lean meats Trim fat

Which cooking method best reduces fat intake?

Steaming

Reducing the intake of _____ will help reduce blood triglyceride levels.

alcohol refined carbohydrates

Lipid storage diseases_______.

are genetic conditions that cause lipid accumulation in cells.

To check a person's risk for _______, a physician checks blood pressure, listens to blood flow in your carotid arteries, and requests a lipoprotein profile to asses serum HDL, LDL, and triglycerides levels.

atherosclerosis

Viewing the images, choose the image that represents the chemical structure of a monounsaturated fatty acid.

b

Reducing the consumption of saturated fat and maintaining a total dietary intake of fat no greater than 35% of total calories will most likely cause a person's risk of developing atherosclerosis to ______.

decrease

What are some examples of food sources that contain cholesterol?

eggs ice cream chicken

The most common forms of cardiovascular disease in the US include ____

heart disease stroke

A saturated fatty acid is completely filled with ____ atoms.

hydrogen

Phosolipids contain a ______ portion, which attracts water, and a _______portion, which repels water.

hydrophilic hydrophobia

Cardiovascular disease _______

is a group of diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels. includes coronary be changed by following a healthier lifestyle.

The class of nutrients that consists of triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols is called ______.

lipids

A(n) ______ fatty acid is completely filled with hydrogen atoms.

saturated

Dietary fats and oils are classified as saturated, monounsaturated base on

the type of fatty acid present in greatest concentration

Dietary fats and oils are classified as saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated based on

the type of fatty acid present in greatest concentration

What are the by-products of lipid digestion?

Glycerol Fatty acids

Maintaining cell membrane, insulating the body against cold temperature, cushioning the body against bumps and blows, and contributing to body contours are all traits of which nutrient?

Lipids

Cholesterol lowering margarines contain plant ____, which may lower cholesterol in people with mildly elevated cholesterol levels.

sterols

Match the fatty acid with its correct structural image. saturated fatty acid monounsaturated fatty acid polyunsaturated fatty acid (linoleic acid) polyunsaturated fatty acid ( alpha-linoleic acid)

(a) see imagine (b) see imagine (c) see imagine (d) see imagine

What are the major functions of fatty acids and triglycerides in the body?

to provide energy to insulate and protect the body to aid in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

The direct benefits of physical activity include______.

achieving healthy body weight reducing blood LDL cholesterol level maintaining a healthy body weight

Viewing the images, choose the image that represents the chemical structure of monounsaturated fatty acid

b

Choose the statements that are true regarding plant food sterols and stanols.

Plant sterols have blood cholesterol-lowering properties. Plants contain sterols similar to cholestetrol.

The digestive enzyme that removes two fatty acids from each triglyceride molecule is called______.

pancreatic lipase

Excess body fat around the midsection of the body is associated with ______.

high blood LDL cholesterol high triglyceride levels

Choose the following dietary changes that will most likely lower the risk of atherosclerosis development

limit trans fat intake reducing consumption of saturated fat to less than 10% of total Calories. replace foods that are rich in saturated fats with foods higher in unsaturated fats

Glycerol, fatty acids, monoglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipid fragements are the end products of _____ digestion.

lipid

Genetic conditions that cause lipid accumulation in cells, which damages tissues are called _____ _____ _____.

lipid storage diseases

Maintaining cell membrane, insulating the body against cold temperatures, cushioning the body against bumps and blows, and contributing to body contours are all traits of which nutrients

Lipids

In a healthy person, the liver synthesizes _____ cholesterol when dietary cholesterol intake is higher.

less

Pair the fatty acid with its correct effect on blood clotting and inflammation. omega-3 omega-6

decrease blood clotting and inflammation increase blood clotting and inflammation

Obesity, certain cancers, and cardiovascular disease are all serious health conditions that often result from consuming high amounts of _______.

lipids

Which of the following dietary changes can help reduce the risk of developing CVD?

reducing intake of refined sugar increasing dietary fiber reducing alcohol intake

Scientific evidence suggest that dietary cholesterol does not have as much effect on blood cholesterol as dietary ______ ______.

saturated fat

Phospholipids contain both a hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions, which attract and repel water.

True

The classification of fats and oils is based on the type of atty acid present in greatest concentration

True

The classification of fats and oils is based on the type of fatty acid present in greatest concentration.

True

Choose the food that does not contain cholestrol.

bagels

An omega-3 fatty

unsatured

What is the chemical structure of an omega-3 fatty acid?

It contains the first carbon-carbon double on the third carbon from the omega end of the carbon chain.