Nutrition Midterm

Sabita's daughter Anisa is four years old but she is the size of an average two-year-old. Her stunted growth is related to an overall lack of

energy

Starting from an amino acid (glutamine), click and drag to arrange the steps of gluconeogenesis in order, from left to right.

glutamine, oxaloacetate, phosphoenolpyruvate, glucose

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)

inhibits gastric acid secretion, stimulates insulin release

Peptide YY

inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretions

Sabita's son Anise has poor cognitive function as a result of an inadequate intake of

iodine

food security

no indications of food access problems or limitations; 1 or 2 indications of food access problems, little or no change in diet or food intake

Which of the following substrates can be metabolized to yield acetyl-CoA?

protein, alcohol, sugars, starches, triglycerides

food insecurity

reduced quality, variety, or desirability of diet, little intake or no reduced food intake; multiple indications of disrupted eating patterns and reduced food intake.

Motilin

regulates motility of the gastrointestinal tract

Secretin

stimulates release of pancreatic bicarbonate

Sabita is blind from a diet deficient in fortified milk, animal products, or dark yellow and orange fruits and vegetables

vitamin A

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Stimulates release of pancreatic enzymes and bile from the gallbladder

Put the foods in order of most monounsaturated fat per serving (1) to least monounsaturated per serving (5).

1. Olive Oil 2. Canola Oil 3. Peanut Oil 4. Butter 5. Coconut Oil

From the following options, select all that are limitations to using just the MyPlate icon for meal planning.

1. it doesn't make recommendations about calories or activity for individuals 2. it doesn't address the specific foods that should be chosen from within each food group 3. it doesn't recommend serving sizes for individuals

Regina knows that moderate alcohol consumption can be cardio-protective, meaning that it somewhat reduces cardiovascular disease risk. Moderate alcohol consumption translates to one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men. Match the type of alcohol with its serving size that constitutes one drink:

Beer: 12 oz is one serving Wine:5 oz is one serving Liquor:1.5 oz is one serving

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges indicate ranges of carbohydrate, fat, and protein intakes that provide adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals and may reduce the risk of diet-related chronic diseases. For a person who is following a 2,500-kilocalorie per day diet, determine the approximate number of grams of each macronutrient to be consumed using the AMDR as a guideline. Choose the correct answer for each macronutrient.

Carbohydrate∙ 281-406 grams per day Protein∙ 63-219 grams per day Fat∙ 56-97 grams per day

The liver is important in carbohydrate digestion as it processes the monosaccharides galactose and fructose into glucose. What happens to this glucose once it is done being processed in the liver?

If glucose is present in excess, some can be turned into fat. The liver can release the glucose directly into the bloodstream for transport to organs. If blood glucose levels are adequate, some can be stored as glycogen.

Somatostatin

Inhibits release of GI hormones; slows gastric emptying, GI motility, and blood flow to intestine

Sort the following processes as those that are ketogenic or may produce ketones or nonketogenic processes that cannot produce ketones:

Nonketogenic: glycolysis, excessive caloric intake, anaerobic metabolism Ketogenic: beta oxidation, diabetes, starvation

Indicate how the omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids impact the body by selecting "increase" or "decrease" for each of the sentences below.

Omega-3 fatty acids tend to DECREASE blood clotting. Omega-3 fatty acids also DECREASE inflammation in the body. Omega-6 fatty acids INCREASE clotting and INCREASE inflammation in the body. Use of omega-3 fatty acids as a dietary supplement has been shown to DECREASE circulating triglyceride levels in the blood.

The small intestine absorbs nutrients through the intestinal wall using various processes. Match each nutrient or dietary component to its primary absorption process.

Passive: fat, water Facilitated: Fructose Active: glucose, amino acids Phagocytosis: immune substances from milk

Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP)

Signals stomach cells to limit the release of gastric juices and slows gastric motility

Gastrin

Triggers the stomach to release HCl and pepsinogen; stimulates gastric and intestinal motility