nutrition midterm
If a person were following a recommended intake of 3,355 calorie per day diet, what would their AMDR for carbohydrates be?
1500-2167
What is the daily recommended range (AMDR) for lipid intake per day?
20-35%
If a person has a recommended calorie intake of 3,450 calories per day, what would be their recommended AMDR be for calories coming from protein be?
3450 x .10 = 345 3450 x .35 = 1207 345-1207 calories
What is the gram recommendation coming from carbohydrates for a person following a recommended calorie intake of 3,100 per day?
348-503
According to the Dietary Reference Intakes, people should obtain _____ of their daily energy from carbohydrates.
45 to 65 percent
What is the daily recommended range (AMDR) for carbohydrate intake per day?
45-65%
How much protein does a woman who weighs 61 kilograms require every day?
49 grams
A 23-year-old male college student, who has a sedentary lifestyle, weighs 175 pounds. What is his DRI for protein?
64 grams/day
How many calories per gram come from lipids, carbohydrates, protein and alcohol? (in the order given)
9,4,4,7
Which of the following conditions is easily treated because it is responsive to dietary changes?
Iron-deficiency anemia
Which of the following conditions is easily treated because it is responsive to dietary changes? Down syndrome Hemophilia Iron-deficiency anemia Sickle-cell anemia Cancer
Iron-deficiency anemia
What is the function of the saliva secreted by the salivary glands?
It breaks down glucose into starch.
Which of the following statements is true of vitamin C?
It helps maintain connective tissues.
Which of the following is a characteristic of glycogen?
It helps sustain the body's cellular activities.
Fat cells in the average person can store over how many calories of fat, making their ability to expand their fat storage capacity almost endless over time.
70,000
How many calories worth of protein come from one serving of a product that contains 18 grams of protein?
72
Pancreatic juice has a pH value of _____.
8
exceed or go below her Dietary Recommended Intake (DRI) Goal in calories? Exactly how many calories was she above or below the DRI? Exactly how much weight would Macey gain or lose in one week at this rate?
Step 1: Find the difference in the calorie DRI and calorie intake. Step 2: Multiply the difference by 7 (days in one week)• Step 3: Divide the answer by 3500 (calories in one pound) • Step 4: The answer is the weekly loss or gain.
What is gluten AND what 2-3 things does it provide (or do to) foods?
Gluten is a protein that forms in grain foods. Gluten does the following: Adds texture (stretch) to yeast breads. Provides bulk and texture to many other foods; specifically foods made up of wheat, barley, rye, and related grains.
Which of the following statements is true of LDL and HDL?
HDL play an important role in scavenging cholesterol from the tissues for disposal.
Please explain to Jim Bob the difference in heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and what form of cancer GERD can put a person at risk for if left untreated.
Heart burn is an occasional burning feeling in the chest caused by stomach acid being forced into the esophagus. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is sever and chronic exposure of stomach acid to the esophagus and mouth. Untreated it can increase the chance of developing esophageal cancer.
Which of the following diseases is responsible for the highest percentage of deaths in the United States? Cancer Kidney disease Heart disease Chronic lung disease Alzheimer's disease
Heart disease
Which of the following diseases is not influenced by diet?
Hemophilia
Which of the following is a nonessential amino acid?
Serine
According to the scientific report of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, which of the following nutrients is overconsumed in U.S. diets?
Sodium
The nervous system's role in hunger regulation is coordinated by the:
brain
All of the following are fat-soluble vitamins except: K C A D E
c
The bones provide reserves of:
calcium
For healthy people, the Food Lists for Diabetes and Weight Management help primarily with:
calorie control
Bite for bite, complex carbohydrate foods, provide less available energy than do fat rich foods.
true
One of the objectives included in the publication Healthy People 2020 is to increase the proportion of breastfed infants. True or False
true
Weight gain can explain high diabetes rates but excess sugar may also contribute by causing the liver and other tissues to resist the effects of insulin, thereby raising blood glucose. Thus, more clinical research is needed to help resolve this issues.
true
The minimum DRI for total carbohydrates for an average-sized adult is _____ grams per day.
130
How many calories are provided by a food that contains 20 grams of carbohydrate, 8 grams of protein, and 5 grams of fat?
157
Sugar alcohols, contained in many diet foods, have "approximately" how many calories per gram?
2
According to the USDA Eating Patterns, 1 cup cooked kidney beans can be substituted with _____ to meet the same nutritional requirement.
2 cups raw kale
Explain to her the difference in peak bone mass and bone density.
. Bone Density is a measure of bone strength, or the degree of mineralization of the bone matrix. Peak Bone Mass is the highest attainable bone density for an individual.
Fiber contains how many calories per gram?
0
What is the daily recommended range (AMDR) for alcohol intake per day?
0
According to the USDA Eating Patterns, one ounce of protein foods is equal to all of the following except:
1 cup cooked legumes
All of the following provide about 5 grams of fat each except:
1 cup of sour cream
Which of the following statements is true? 1) Each cell's nucleus contains DNA. 2) Cells do not need nutrients for their growth. 3)Long strands of human DNA coil into 10 pairs of chromosomes. 4) Most genes contain instructions for making fat molecules. 5) All cells need a highly acidic environment to function.
1) Each cell's nucleus contains DNA.
Based on the USDA's MyPlate, at least _____ of the plate should be occupied by fruits and vegetables at each meal.
1/2
Who among the following will have the highest protein DRI per unit of body weight?
A 6-year-old child
Tell Jimmy why/how his "near zero fat" diet may be hindering his ability to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins and why this is dangerous.
A near zero diet inhibits the body's ability to absorb nutrients. Some fat in a person's diet is needed for proper nutrient absorption!
Who among the following has a valid reason for taking vitamin supplements?
A person addicted to drugs and alcohol
Please let Jim Bob know at least 4 specific nutrient/food choices (not behaviors) that may be causing his heartburn.
Alcohol Carbonated drinks Coffee Hot/spicy foods
How many calories per gram does alcohol contain and what area of the body (not organ) does alcohol promote fat storage?
Alcohol contains 7 calories per gram. Alcohol promotes fat storage in the central abdominal area.
Which of the following are true about sugar alcohols?
All of the above, except C and E are true
Jim Bob also takes antacids when he feels the heartburn. Please explain to him whether this is a good idea or not and why.
Antacids are meant for temporary relief and extended use can lead the stomach to become neutralized, leading to the production of more acid.. Antacids can also disrupt the stomachs ability to digest foods and absorb nutrients.
Which of the following is the most acidic?
Battery acid
Which of the following is a disease caused by thiamin deficiency?
Beriberi
Which of the following foods is likely to have hidden fat?
Biscuits
Please tell Jim Bob what the physical characteristics of a person with rickets look like, giving him a minimum of at least 4 of these characteristics.
Bowed legs, protruding belly, knock-knees, beaded ribs, and protruding chests.
Ketosis is the result of too much carbohydrate in the body tissues.
False
To manage diabetes, it helps to;
C & D only
What is important to understand about the different caloric needs of individuals when using the DV on a food label?
Caloric needs vary from person to person depending upon recommended calorie intake. Could differ due to gender, activity levels, health needs, etc.
Which of the following is the preferred fuel for the functioning of the brain and nerves?
Carbohydrates
What is celiac disease AND what are the health implications if a person has lifelong celiac disease?
Celiac disease is a disorder characterize by an abnormal immune response to foods that contain gluten. The response is inflammation of the small intestines which can lead to diarrhea, constipation, vomiting and pain. Lifelong celiac disease can lead extreme weight loss and the body becomes deficient in vitamins, minerals and other nutrients.
Which of the following fats is the most saturated?
Coconut oil
Tim, who lost a significant amount of weight during an illness, is thinking about taking amino acid supplements to help him regain muscle mass. What advice would you give him?
Consume whole protein as it is better handled by the digestive system and will promote recovery.
Please tell Jim Bob 2 different specific reasons why 1) dark skinned children that live in 2) northern areas are more likely to develop rickets.
Darker pigment does not absorb sun as well as lighter skin, thus they do not absorb sun at the same rates. In most northern regions sunlight is very limited in the winter months, thus there is less chance to absorb sun.
All of the following are expected of e-mail communication in this course except:
E-mails are preferably sent through the Canvas Inbox or the instructors lcsc.edu e-mail address as long as they follow the requirements listed above in A,B & C.
Which of the following statements is true?
Each cell's nucleus contains DNA.
Please give Jim Bob 4 behavioral (not nutrient choices) tips listed in the text for avoiding heartburn.
Eat smaller meals Avoid laying down after eating Wear loose clothing Avoiding drinking liquids during meals
Which strategy should be used by someone experiencing heartburn?
Eat smaller meals.
Which of the following is not associated with an excess intake of protein?
Enlarged livers in humans
Explain to him whether enriched grain foods are nutritionally comparable to whole grain foods or not. If so, in what respect?
Enriched grain foods are nutritionally comparable to whole-grain foods only with respect to their added nutrients. Whole grains do contain substantially more fiber.
Which of the following establishes the average nutrient requirements for given life stages and gender groups used by nutrition policy makers?
Estimated Average Requirements
Eating too much sugar causes diabetes.
False
Hypoglycemia often occurs in healthy people, whose hormones maintain normal blood glucose concentration.
False
The best preventive measure for Type 2 diabetes is to lower sugar intake.
False
Type 1 diabetes is always diagnosed during childhood.
False
Which of the following food constituents is not digested in the stomach?
Fiber
Which of the following statements is true of lactose intolerance?
It is a condition in which the body fails to produce sufficient amounts of the enzyme needed to digest milk sugar.
Who among the following cannot adopt the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) recommendations?
Robert, a 20-year-old with cystic fibrosis
What 2 factors are important for Uncle Leon to understand about the GI scale rankings that may surprise people or that are important to know? (one is a food ranking factor and one is physiological)
The main concern is that, 1) some of the foods low on the scale are high in fats, which slows the absorption of sugar when combined together. Therefore, it may not spike the blood sugar but it is also high in fats. Ice cream is a great example of this. On the flip side, carrots are high on the GI scale and they are a great food! In addition, 2) the ripeness of a food, the cooking method and type of sugar can all effect the scale number. Also, 3) an individual's metabolism can affect how much, and how quickly, a person's blood sugar spikes.
Which of the following statements is true of fat hardness?
The more saturated the fatty acids, the more solid a fat will be at room temperature.
Your friend Gabriel needs your help reading the Daily Value(DV) percentages found on food labels. Please help her by numbering and answering each question as shown. The % Daily Values (DV) are based on what 2 caloric intake number(s)?
The original lebal spelled out the Dail Values for a person needing 2,000 or 2,500 Calories
Which of the following food components do not contain insoluble fibers?
The residues of milk
When attempting to control carbohydrate intake small amounts of sugar are permitted when not displacing whole foods.
True
In sickle-cell disease, which of the following amino acids replaces glutamic acid in hemoglobin?
Valine
Which of the following is abundantly found in animal proteins?
Vitamin B12
Which of the following terms would you look for on a bread label to choose the most nutritious product?
Whole grain
Vitamin E serves as:
an antioxidant
If you are taking medications to treat the discomfort caused by heartburn, it is important to know that:
antacids will only temporarily relieve pain by neutralizing stomach acid for a while
Blood glucose can plummet in which of the following situations?
any of the above
Complex carbohydrates:
are long chains of sugar units arranged to form starch or fiber
Without food to replenish it, the liver's glycogen supply can be depleted within:
as few as 3-6 hours
The development of chronic diseases has a connection to poor diet and: can be completely prevented by following a good diet is not affected by lifestyle choices is not affected by genetics can be completely prevented by altering genes can be prevented by food choices along with lifestyle choices
can be prevented by food choices along with lifestyle choices
When considering the digestion and absorption of proteins, it is important to know that:
cells of the small intestine absorb different types of amino acids at separate absorption sites, which causes competition between similar amino acids at these absorption sites
Fatty acids may differ from one another in:
chain length and degree of saturation
The chief protein that is present in most connective tissues, including scars, ligaments, and tendons, is:
collagen
Body fat is used as a source of energy when not enough energy is available from food. This process involves:
dismantling stored fat in fat cells and releasing fatty acids into the blood
The role of bile in fat digestion is to:
emulsify fats in the small intestine
The most energy-rich nutrient is:
fat
A person choosing to eat 400 calories of sugar as opposed to 400 calories of whole grains will be missing intake of which of the following?
fiber
The consumption of _____ is especially important for women of childbearing age to prevent neural tube defects in infants.
folate
Omnivorous people eat:
foods of both plant and animal origin
Hormones are secreted and released directly into the blood by organs known as _____.
glands
The main task of the human digestive system is to convert starch and sugars to _____ for absorption.
glucose
The extent to which a food raises the blood glucose level and elevates insulin concentrations can be measured and ranked on a scale called the:
glycemic index
All of the following compounds are fibers except:
glycogen
Any food providing 10 to 19% of the Daily Value for a nutrient in one serving is considered to be a(n) _____ source of the nutrient.
good
Compared to meat eaters, vegetarians tend to have:
healthier body weight
The main dietary factor associated with elevated blood cholesterol is:
high saturated and trans fat intakes
When blood glucose concentrations rises, the pancreas secretes _________, and when blood glucose levels fall, the pancreas secretes _________ .
insulin; glucagon
When added sugar is consumed in excess of calorie need:
it alters blood lipids in potentially harmful ways
The USP symbol on the label of a vitamin supplement means that:
it contains the ingredients listed on the label
You can tell that a claim about nutrition is unreliable if:
it is being made by an advertiser who is paid to make claims
The body's use of fat for fuel without the help of carbohydrate rule in the production of _________.
ketone bodies
Blood leaving the digestive system is routed directly to the _____.
liver
Healthy individuals can consume vitamin A-rich foods in large quantities, but excessive consumption of _____ causes vitamin A toxicity.
liver
Energy-yielding nutrients are referred to as _____.
macronutrients
Vitamin A plays an important role in:
maintaining body linings and skin
Essential fatty acids:
must be supplied by the diet
Essential nutrients are:
necessary nutrients that can be obtained only from the diet
Symptoms of vitamin A deficiency include:
night blindness
All of the following foods are major contributors of healthful fatty acids except:
nondairy creamers, which are high in trans fats
The vitamin D deficiency disease that develops in adults is known as:
osteomalacia
Atrial fibrillation, a dangerous form of irregular heartbeat is associated with the intake of _____.
palmitic acid
In an individual with Type 1 Diabetes, the ________ produces very little or no ___________ .
pancreas; insulin
Compounds that give color and taste to foods are called _____.
phytochemicals
Sugar alcohols are also called _____.
polyols
Cooking oils should be stored in tightly covered containers in order to:
prevent the oxidation process
Foods that have been subjected to the addition of additives, milling, or cooking are called _____ foods.
processed
During the fight-or-flight reaction, the body reacts by:
releasing stored glucose from the liver
Removing gluten from the diet has been shown to:
resolve digestive problems in people with celiac disease
The amount of _____ must be listed on food labels.
saturated fat
The best way to select foods that are rich in vitamins is to:
select a wide variety of whole foods to get a balance of vitamins
The bottom portion of the Nutrition Facts panel on a food package:
serves as a reminder of the Daily Values for the selected nutrients
One gram of alcohol provides _____ calories.
seven
In cases of severe undernutrition, the small intestine will react by:
shrinking to a much smaller surface
When attempting to treat diabetes by stabilize blood sugar, all of following approaches work together the most effectively except:
simple sugar intake control
If amino acids are oversupplied, _____.
the body removes and excretes their amine groups
A person can eat when hunger is absent because:
the conscious mind of the cortex can override the body's signals
You purchased an enriched food product. This means that:
the product could be either nutritious or not nutritious
A rapid drinker can become intoxicated almost immediately when drinking, especially if:
the stomach is empty
Phytochemicals found in foods are important because:
they decrease the risk of developing certain diseases
The major role of all vitamins and minerals in the human body is:
to act as regulators in all body processes
The main function of vitamin K is:
to help activate proteins that help clot the blood
Immediately after digestion, nutrients delivered from the intestines into the circulatory system are:
transported through the blood to the liver for necessary chemical alterations
The major storage form of lipids in the body is:
triglycerides, which are made up of fatty acids and glycerol
Although the AMDR percentage for each person can vary depending upon their nutritional needs and goals, they always add up to 100% of a person's daily macronutrient intake.
true
Thiamin is also known as:
vitamin B1
Which of the following alcoholic beverage servings delivers a little over half an ounce of ethanol?
12 ounces of beer
Help Aunt Leona differentiate between LDL and HDL cholesterol. Please explain to her the basic differences and how and why elevated LDL concentrations and how and why lowered HDL concentrations in the blood are a sign of cardiovascular disease risk.
1) Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) also know as "bad" cholesterol makes up most of the human body's cholesterol and negatively effect cardiovascular (CV)health. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) also known as "good" cholesterol, raise the risk of heart disease and stroke. 2) HDLs absorb cholesterol and carries it back to the liver and where unnecessary cholesterol is flushed from the body. 3) LDL raises the risk of a heart attack is because it attaches itself to artery walls, creating plaque build up. This build up eventually blocks the arteries and raises the risk for heart attacks and/or stroke.
Your Uncle Leon has been trying to work on eating more "heart healthy". He has been told that fiber is beneficial. He has also been told that increasing his fiber may also lead to increased gas. What 3 different tips can you give him to avoid increased gas as a result of increased fiber intake?
1) Start with small servings and gradually increase serving sizes over several weeks. 2) Chew food thoroughly to break up "lumps" of food that may ferment. 3)Try a variety of fiber rich foods to see what works best for him and does not cause problems.
If a person has a recommended calorie intake of 1,950 calories per day, what would be their recommended AMDR be for calories coming from lipids be?
1,950 x .20 = 390 calories 1,950 x .35 = 682 calories 390-682 calories from lipids
For each of the 4 DRI reference values, list, in the order given below, what words the acronym represents and briefly describe, in 1-2 full sentences each, the purpose of each value, and/or what value the reference sets. Also, when describing the RDA and the AI, tell Gabriel where the values for both the RDA and the AI are derived from, and/or what makes them different. 1. RDA (1 pt.) 2. AI (1 pt.) 3. UL (1 pt.) 4. EAR (1 pt.)
1. RDA - Recommended Dietary Allowances - The RDA are values and recommendations that are expected to meet the nutritional needs of 97-98% of people in different life stages and gender groups. These values are are derived from solid experimental evidence and reliable observations. 2. AI - Adequate Intakes - The AI provides the same information as the RDA except the that, when a RDA for a specific nutrient cannot be determined due to insufficient evidence or reliable observation an AI value is determined based on available scientific evidence and educated guesswork. 2. UL - Tolerable Upper Intake Levels - Beyond a certain point, it is unwise to consume large amounts of any nutrient. The DRI committee sets the UL to identify potentially toxic levels of nutrient intake. Intakes of a nutrient below its UL have a low risk of causing illness; with chronic intakes above the UL, risks rise. Consumers who take supplements or consume foods and beverages to which vitamins or minerals have been added, rely heavily on the UL. 3. EAR - Estimated Average Requirements - The EAR establishes the average nutrient requirements for given life stages and gender groups that researchers and nutrition policy makers use in their work. Public health officials may also use them to assess the prevalence of inadequate intakes in populations and make recommendations.
How many calories worth of lipids come from a product that contains 20 grams of lipids and 1,800 total calories?
10
What is the daily recommended range (AMDR) for protein intake per day?
10-35%
The upper limit for sugar intake recommended by the American Heart Association (AHA) is which of the following?
6 teaspoons (100 calories) for women and 9 teaspoons (150 calories) for men
There are _____ essential amino acids
9
Sadly, Jim Bob's wife June Bug is classified as obese. Please tell her how/why this is putting her at a higher risk for a drop in blood vitamin D levels.
Extra fat tissue requires a great deal of extra blood flow. Even if Vitamin D is amply consumed it may become diluted in an overweight person's large amount of blood volume. This also leads to sequestered Vitamin D in the fat tissue, making it less available to the bloodstream.
Fruit punch sweetened with grape juice concentrate contains significantly less sugar than fruit punch sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup.
False
In an individual diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes, the pancreas makes no insulin.
False
List the fat soluble vitamins and the water soluble vitamins (ALL of the water solubles specifically)
Fat soluble- A,D,E,K Water soluble - C, B vitamins; B1(thiamin), B2(riboflavin), B3(niacin), B5 (pantothenic acid),vitamin B6, B7(biotin), B9, B12(cobalamin)
Which of the following food sources can vegans use to obtain the required quantity of omega-3-fatty acids in their diets?
Flaxseed
Which of the following foods is exempt from listing ingredients on its food label?
Fresh bananas
Which of the following carbohydrates is responsible for the intensely sweet taste of fruit?
Fructose
Which of the following is a result of a dietary protein deficiency?
Impaired kidney function
Which of the following pancreatic hormones lowers the blood glucose level?
Insulin
Which of the following statements is true of insulin?
Insulin strands consist of bridges formed by the bonding of sulfur groups in cysteine molecules.
Which of the following is true of the disease caused by vitamin D deficiency in children?
It is characterized by abnormal growth of bone and manifested in bowed legs or knock-knees.
Which of the following statements is true of hypoglycemia?
It is characterized by abnormally low blood glucose and anxiety.
Whole grains provide substantial fiber, along with a wide array of potentially beneficial phytochemicals in the brain and the essential oils of the germ. Refined grain products are less nutritious then whole grains
It is thought that the fiber, phytochemicals, or nutrients (essential oils) of whole grains improve body tissue health which slows digestion and helps with satiety.
Which of the following is a probable health benefit of eating brown rice?
It lowers the risk of hemorrhoids and appendicitis.
Which of the following units is used by food scientists to measure food energy?
Kilocalories
Which of the following diseases includes symptoms such as diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and death?
Pellagra
What does an elemental diet consist of?
Life-saving liquid diets of precise chemical composition for those unable to eat
Desending order, the ingredient that weighs the most is listed first, and the ingredient that weighs the least is listed last.
Listed in order of weight from top to bottom. The ingredients of the highest weight being at the top.
Which of the following organs stores and releases nutrients to meet the cells' needs between meals?
Liver
Which of the following is an essential amino acid?
Lysine
Which of the following helps prevent type 2 diabetes?
Maintaining a healthy body weight
Which of the following is a symptom of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
Mental confusion
Your friend Gabriel needs your help reading the Daily Value(DV) percentages found on food labels. Please help her by numbering and answering each question as shown. What 2 types of fats must be listed under Total Fat?
Saturated fat and trans fat
Which of the following animal-derived foods contains significant amounts of carbohydrates?
Milk
Which types of cells normally replace themselves once every few years?
Muscle cells
Do gluten free foods lead to weight loss? Why or why not?
No. Gluten free diets food do not lead to weight loss. This is because many gluten free foods are low in nutrient density and high in sugar, fats and extra calories which can lead to weight gain.
Which of the following foods would you choose as an effective stool-softening agent?
Oat bran
Which of the following foods has a cholesterol-lowering effect?
Oatmeal
Jim Bob's daughter, who is on a vegan diet has become pregnant. What would be 2 major nutritional health concern for her?
One of the major nutritional concerns for Jim Bob's daughter would be obtaining enough B12 . For pregnant/lactating women, obtaining vitamin B is critical to prevent serious disorders in mother and child. A second major nutritional concern for her is protein intake. A vegan woman who does not meet her nutritional needs may enter pregnancy too thin and with low nutrient stores to draw on as the nutrient demands of the fetus increase.
Who among the following should avoid taking vitamin C supplements because of an increased risk of negative effects?
People suffering from kidney disorders
Your mother is considering changing her diet to include only non-meat proteins to reduce her risk of developing heart disease or cancer. What evidence is available to support her decision?
Plant-based diets are usually lower in saturated fat and higher in fiber, reducing the risk of heart disease.
An individual has started to set small goals after writing an action plan for change. Which stage of behavior change does this example represent?
Preparation
Which of the following nutrients can yield energy and provide materials for forming the structures and working parts of body tissues? Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Vitamins Minerals
Proteins
Explain to him the difference in an enriched/fortified grain and a refined grain.
Refined grains are grains and grain products from which the bran, germ, endosperm, and husk of the whole grain are removed, making them low in fiber but enriched in vitamins (required by U.S. regulations). Enriched/fortified grains refers to refined products that have had additional micronutrients added to the product.
Discuss at least 2 strong arguments you would use in trying to convince Aunt Leona to consume fish rather than take fish oil supplements.
Taking a fish oil supplements does not guarantee that her chances of having a heart attack or stroke are reduced. Large doses may increase the risk for bleeding, delayed wound healing, and immune suppression. Supplements are not a guarantee that you are taking the correct amount at all times or that the body will absorb them as well as getting the nutrients through food. Fish also contains omega-3 fatty acids and omega-6 fatty acids. The omega-3 family contains EPA and DHA, other acids, which have been linked to regulating heart rate and blood pressure, reducing blood clot formation, reducing blood triglycerides, and reducing inflammation-all factors associated with heart health.
Your friend Gabriel needs your help reading the Daily Value(DV) percentages found on food labels. Please help her by numbering and answering each question as shown. What general type of general information do the Daily Values (DV) provide or give Gabriel for use in his daily nutritional choices? How are they expressed mathematically?
The DV provide consumers with a calorie per gram reference, as a percentage, for a single serving of a food.
Your friend Gabriel needs your help reading the Daily Value(DV) percentages found on food labels. Please help her by numbering and answering each question as shown. Where are the DVs found?
The DVs are found on all food labels and in some grocery store signs and restaurant print.
What action has the FDA taken to increase the folate intake among this population group?
The FDA required that folic acid was added to all enriched foods.
Please tell Uncle Leon what the GI scale is (what do the values tell a person/what do they represent).
The GI Scale is a scale originally developed for diabetes to use to determine the rate at which foods the contain carbohydrates will spike or rise a person's blood sugar.
In times of energy shortage due to inadequate carbohydrate or fat in foods, how does the body generate energy?
The amine group from the amino acids is removed and the remaining fragments are used for energy.
An athlete consumes large amounts of meat in an effort to build extra muscle tissue. Identify the correct statement about the effect of excess consumption of meat.
The body utilizes excess amino acids as fuel or stores them as fat.
Which of the following does not occur as part of the stress response?
The digestive system speeds up.
Which of the following statements is true about the effect of genetics and nutrition on chronic diseases?
The possibility of developing chronic diseases depends on genetics and lifestyle choices.
Describe to her the specific rationale (reason) for the DRI Committee's recommendation for the addition of folate to the diet of women of childbearing age.
The rationale is that the addition of folate to enriched foods will lower the rate of neural tube defects among infants.
Why might a very high-fiber diet be harmful for malnourished people and young vegan children?
These groups have a higher risk of energy deficiencies as they eat small food portions.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of lipids?
They are beneficial to health irrespective of their intake.
All of the following are true about fiber except:
They are digestible parts of plant foods
Which of the following is a characteristic of Daily Values?
They are ideal for comparisons among different packaged foods.
Which of the following statements is true of trans-fatty acids?
They are produced when polyunsaturated oils are hydrogenated.
Which of the following is not a function of essential fatty acids?
They provide raw materials for the synthesis of trans fat in the body.
What 3 specific nutrients are not absorbed by the intestine well when excess alcohol is consumed?
Thiamin, Folate & Vitamin B.
George is a 35-year-old athlete using nutrient supplements to give him a competitive advantage. Which of the following nutrient intake recommendations would you suggest that George become familiar with?
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels
Aunt Leona also does not understand what a trans-fatty acids is and what are their harmful effects are. Please explain to her what a trans-fatty acid actually is and make sure to let her know how they specifically effect the different types of blood cholesterol either negatively or positively.
Trans-fatty acids are fatty acids with unusual shapes and are created during the process known as hydrogenation. This change in chemical structure creates trans unsaturated fatty acids, fats that can be used to store foods both on the shelf and in restaurants to increase their "shelf life". Consuming manufactured trans fats pose a risk to the heart and arteries by raising both blood LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, worsening atherosclerosis and increasing tissue inflammation. High intakes are associated with increased CVD and sudden death.
Acceptable Macronutrients Distribution Ranges refer to healthy ranges of intake for carbohydrate, fat, and protein.
True
Achieving stable good glucose is the goal of diabetes treatment.
True
Adequate intake (AI) values are based not only on the available scientific evidence but also on some educated guesswork.
True
Excess body fat is more strongly associated with causing diabetes than what a person eats.
True
In an individual diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes, the body's cells resist insulin's action.
True
In an individual diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes, the pancreas makes plenty of insulin.
True
Individuals with diabetes are urged to increase their intake of soluble fiber to help slow the absorption of glucose.
True
Describe to Jim Bob the relationship between vegetarian diets and high blood pressure in 2-3 brief sentences.
Vegetarians tend to have lower blood pressure, lower rates of hypertension an are able to maintain healthier body weight than the average person. Lower body weight ant the consumption of foods with enough fiber, fruit, vegetables, low-fat milk, products, and soy protein also correlate to lower blood pressure as well as larger supplies of important micronutrients. These micronutrient (vitamins and minerals) tend not to be seen in the average person's diet, which is high in meat and potatoes and low in fruits, vegetables and whole grains.
Liver cells reduce and lose the ability to activate what 2 vitamins?
Vitamin D & Vitamin A.
Your friend Gabriel needs your help reading the Daily Value(DV) percentages found on food labels. Please help her by numbering and answering each question as shown. What vitamins and minerals, specific to the food inside the package, also expressed as a percentage of the DV, will be required on all updated food labels?
Vitamin D, calcium, iron and potassium (Required as of July 2021).
Jim Bob is now hearing all of this hype about taking extra amino acids an how that may help. What happens when amino acids are oversupplied in the diet?
When amino acids are oversupplied in the diet, the body cannot store them. The body removes and excretes the amine groups and then uses the residues to either: Meet immediate energy needs. Make glucose for storage as glycogen. Make fat for energy storage.
Please tell him what specific vitamin and which 2 minerals are contained in whole grain foods at higher levels than in refined grains.
Whole grains provide greater amounts of vitamin B6 and the minerals magnesium and zinc that refined grains lack.
In making recommendations for protein intake, the DRI committee took into consideration that the protein in a normal diet would be:
a combination of animal and plant sources
The benefits of the Mediterranean diet are a result of:
a combination of vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains, and seafood
There is a lot of "talk" about the benefits of wine on health. The science and research on the health benefits is mixed. List the 2 arguments that are support wine for health benefits. List the 2 arguments that refute both of the arguments above
a. One glass of wine each day will lower chance of heart attacks. Wine contains phytochemicals that could reduce certain digestive tract cancers. b. Alcohol, including wine can increase blood pressure, increase inflammation and damage the heart. Wine could potentially increase the risk of cancers, specifically breast cancer.
Most foods that are high in calcium are poor sources of iron. This statement illustrates the characteristic of a nutritious diet known as
balance
Fructose creates appetite-regulating signals directly in the brain and raises the blood insulin level.
false
Energy-yielding nutrients are referred to as _____. vitamins phytochemicals minerals macronutrients micronutrients
macronutrients
The important roles of vitamin D include all of the following except:
maintaining the health of the retina
All of the following nutrients are organic except:
minerals
All of the following nutrients are organic except: minerals. fats. vitamins. carbohydrates. proteins.
minerals.
A certain amount of fiber in foods contributes to the health of the digestive system. However, eating too much fiber leads to nutrient losses. The characteristic of diet planning illustrated by this statement is called _____.
moderation
The feeling of fullness or satisfaction that people experience after meals is known as _____.
satiety
Research regarding the benefits or risks of taking vitamin supplements to reduce the risk of chronic diseases has shown that:
use of the beta-carotene supplement increases the risk of lung cancer in smokers
. An uninformed strict vegetarian is at a special risk of developing a _____ deficiency.
vitamin B12
All of the following are fat-soluble vitamins except:
vitamin C
Jaundice is caused by:
vitamin K toxicity
The first principle of diet planning is that the foods we choose must provide energy and the essential nutrients, such as:
water