Nutrition Midterm Chapters 5-6
An individual's diet may be low in energy, vitamins, and essential fatty acids if less than ____ of calories from fat are consumed.
20%
Which of the following protein intakes does NOT fall within the recommended range for the specified calorie level based on the AMDR?
205 grams in a 2,200-calorie diet
Ciara orders a fast-food salad that comes with a packet that contains 5 tablespoons of salad dressing. Approximately how much fat will the salad dressing add to Ciara's salad if she uses the entire packet?
25 grams
All of the following provide about 5 grams of fat each except:
3 tablespoons of sour cream.
What percentage of calories from fat are provided by hamburger that provides 560 calories, 33 grams of fat, 44 grams of carbohydrate, and 26 grams of protein?
53%
A 23-year-old male college student, who has a sedentary lifestyle, weighs 175 pounds. What is his DRI for protein?
64 grams
What is the DRI for protein for an individual who is 45 years old, 6'2" tall, and weighs 210 pou
76 grams
What is the DRI for protein for an individual who is 45 years old, 6'2" tall, and weighs 210 pounds?
76 grams
Which of the following individuals is likely in positive nitrogen balance?
A 38-year-old pregnant woman
Who among the following will have the highest protein DRI per unit of body weight?
A 8-year-old child
Which of the following is NOT a bodily response to regular physical activity?
A smaller volume of blood is pumped
Which of the following statements is true regarding protein intake recommendations?
Athletes may need slightly more protein than other healthy adults
Which compound emulsifies fat in the small intestine during digestion?
Bile
What happens in the digestive process if a person has their gallbladder removed?
Bile is released directly into the small intestine by the liver
Kayla has been keeping a daily food log and finds that her average daily intake is 2,100 calories, 77 grams of fat, and 20 grams of saturated fat. How does her average intake compare to the DRI recommendations?
Both her percentage of calories from fat and saturated fat meet the recommendations.
Which statement is true of the fat content of foods?
Cream and butter are a source of solid fats.
Fish and marine foods are known to provide health benefits if eaten regularly. Which of the following statements is a true statement to consider when weighing seafood's benefits and risks?
EPA and DHA in fish play critical roles in reducing blood clot formation.
Which of the following lifestyle factors is not a modifiable risk factor for heart disease?
Family history
Which of the food groups contains the least amount of protein?
Fruits
What determines the standard sequence of amino acids in a protein molecule?
Genes
When you are selecting the type of fish to eat, which of the following should you consider?
Grilled, baked, or broiled cod provides the most benefit to heart health.
Which of the following blood lipids lowers heart disease risk when its value is high?
HDL
Which of the following statements is true of LDL and HDL?
HDL contains a higher percentage of protein relative to lipids.
Which of the following words on an ingredient list would alert you to the presence of trans-fatty acids in the product?
Hydrogenated oil
A food producer wants to use a polyunsaturated oil to make a spreadable margarine. Which of the following processes should he use?
Hydrogenation
What is the term for an immune response to cellular injury that produces an increase in white blood cells, redness, heat, and swelling?
Inflammation
Which of the following proteins is necessary to regulate blood glucose concentration
Insulin
Which of the following is true of a catalyst?
It is a substance that hastens the rate of a chemical reaction without permanently altering itself
Which statements concerning cholesterol is false?
It is an essential nutrient
Which of the following is a DRI recommendation for fat intake for healthy people?
Keep trans fat as low as possible.
Which food may contain small amounts of naturally occurring trans fats?
Lean beef
Which fat compound enables egg yolks to be an emulsifier?
Lecithin
Which of the following are omega-6 fatty acids?
Linoleic acid and arachidonic acid
Which of the following is a characteristic of a diet that reduces heart disease risk?
Low in trans fats
Which of the following statements is true of essential fatty acids?
NOT: Deficiencies are common in the United States. NOT: Omega-6 fatty acids are saturated fatty acids.
A pregnant woman is concerned about eating fish because of its potential contamination with mercury. What advice would you give her
NOT: Eat nuts to provide her intake of DHA and EPA instead of fish.
Which statement about fatty foods is true?
NOT: Fat impairs the absorption of phytochemicals.
Which of the following is not a function of fat in the human body?
NOT: It forms the major material of cell membranes.
Which of the following is true of an amine group?
NOT: It is the carbon-containing portion of an amino acid. NOT: It is the unique chemical structure attached to the backbone of each amino acid.
Which of the following foods is NOT part of a ovo-vegetarian diet?
NOT: Seaweed NOT: Scrambled eggs
Which of the following foods is likely to have hidden fat?
NOT: Skin-on chicken breasts
What will the body break down first to obtain amino acids when the need is urgent due to a lack of carbohydrates and fat?
NOT: Stored protein in the liver NOT: Muscle tissue
What finding from the Seven Countries Study suggested that something other than total fat intake was affecting cardiovascular risk?
NOT: The country with the lowest total fat intake had the lowest cardiovascular death rate.
What happens when an athlete consumes large amounts of protein-rich foods?
NOT: The excess protein causes muscle breakdown rather than building muscle tissue.
All of the following are essential amino acids EXCEPT
NOT: Valine
Proteins use the process of active transport to move substances by
NOT: decreasing the water content in cells to get rid of excess acid or base levels.
Which of the following cooking methods would you use to increase the digestibility of protein?
NOT: grilling
Olive oil labeled "light" indicates that the oil:
NOT: is lower in monounsaturated fats than virgin olive oil
You decide to make a cake using half of the fat called for in the recipe. As a result, the cake will likely be ____
NOT: less crisp
Replacing saturated fats and trans fats with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated oils:
NOT: reduces LDL and HDL cholesterol and significantly decreases blood triglycerides while keeping the calorie intake reasonable. NOT: raises total and LDL cholesterol but significantly decreases blood triglycerides and reduces HDL cholesterol.
In comparison to butter, safflower oil
NOT: will become more solid when refrigerated.
What food would be good to consume with soy products to ensure adequate absorption of dietary iron?
Orange juice
Which of the following essential amino acids is used by the body to produce tyrosine?
Phenylalanine
What should the nitrogen status be in a 10-year-old child who is going through a growth spurt given that he needs to build new muscle tissue?
Positive Nitrogen Balance
Which of the following foods provides amino acids that are most easily digested and absorbed by the body?
Poultry
Which of the following foods is not a major part of a Mediterranean diet?
Red meat
Hannah is a college athlete who likes to consume more protein than the recommended amount for her size and activity level. She says she does this to ensure her body has adequate protein stores for the occasional days when she consumes less than the recommended amount. What would you tell her?
She may gain fat from converted protein if she has excess calories in her diet
A woman who is on a vegan diet has become pregnant. What would be a health concern for her?
She may have difficulty consuming adequate energy and nutrients during her pregnancy.
Nylah has decided to start following a vegan diet. Her lunch consists of a tossed green salad that contains celery, tomatoes, cucumbers, and onions; whole-wheat crackers; and apple juice. What comment would you make about her complementary protein choices?
She should add garbanzo beans to her salad to obtain the protein combination she requires.
How does the body generate energy in times of energy shortage due to inadequate carbohydrate or fat in foods?
The amine group from the amino acids is removed and the remaining fragments are used for energy.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of lipids?
They are beneficial to health irrespective of their intake
Which of the following statements is true of trans-fatty acids?
They are produced when polyunsaturated oils are hydrogenated
What is the major storage form of lipids in the body?
Triglycerides
The neurotransmitter serotonin is synthesized from
Tryptophan
Which change in dietary intake replaces solid fats with monounsaturated fats or polyunsaturated fats?
Using hummus instead of regular margarine for spreading
Which of the following statements is true of a vegan diet?
Vegan children may not consume enough plant sources of protein to build bone and muscle tissue.
Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?
Vitamin A
Which of the following is abundantly found in animal proteins?
Vitamin B12
Which fat is most susceptible to turning rancid quickest?
Walnut oil because it is primarily composed of polyunsaturated fatty acids
Which of the following is not capable of denaturing a protein?
Water
Which of the following foods is a vegan source of zinc?
Whole grains
The quality of a protein is determined by:
amino acid composition and digestibility
When considering the digestion and absorption of proteins, it is important to know that
cells of the small intestine absorb different types of amino acids at separate absorption sites, which causes competition between similar amino acids at these absorption sites.
The benefits of the Mediterranean diet are a result of?
centering meals around a combination of vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains, and seafood.
Fatty acids may differ from one another in
chain length and degree of saturation
Lipoproteins that are formed when lipids cluster with carrier proteins in the cells of the intestinal lining are called _____.
chylomicrons
The chief protein that is present in most connective tissues, including scars, ligaments, and tendons, is ____.
collagen
Body fat is used as a source of energy when not enough energy is available from food. This process involves:
dismantling stored fat in fat cells and releasing fatty acids into the blood.
Protein catalysts that facilitate chemical reactions are
enzymes
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are:
found in seafood and fish
Compared to meat eaters, vegetarians tend to have:
healthier body weights.
Consumption of swordfish, king mackerel, and shark should be limited due to its ________ content.
mercury
Which of the following helps protect the stomach lining from the action of strong hydrochloric acid produced in the stomach?
mucus
Essential fatty acids:
must be supplied by the diet
Which of the following foods is NOT a major contributor of healthful fatty acids?
nondairy creamers, which are high in trans fats
Linoleic acid is an example of a(n) _____.
omega-6 fatty acid
Cooking oils should be stored in tightly covered containers to prevent
oxidation
The current advice on following a diet to prevent heart disease is to:
replace saturated fats with polyunsaturated fats
Removing gluten from the diet has been shown to
resolve digestive problems in people with celiac disease
The primary source of saturated fat in the U.S. diet is
sandwiches
The feeling of fullness or satisfaction that people experience after meals is known as
satiety
Research on the benefits of fatty acids and their components has shown that:
seafood-consuming populations have a lower rate of death from heart disease.
The identity and chemical structure of an amino acid is determined by the
side chain
If amino acids are oversupplied
the body removes and excretes their amine groups
If amino acids are oversupplied,
the body removes and excretes their amine groups
A triglyceride molecule consists of:
three fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol
Jeremiah is looking for ways to incorporate more monounsaturated fats and less saturated fats when preparing his meals. One way he can do this is by:
topping his taco salad with diced avocado instead of sour cream.
Cholesterol is a member of the group of lipids known as _____.
triglycerides
The neurotransmitter serotonin is synthesized from ______.
tryptophan
Which of the following food sources can vegans use to obtain the required quantity of omega-3-fatty acids in their diets?
walnuts
