nutrition midterm (ICC)
Which statement accurately describes physical exams as a nutrition assessment tool? - Hair and posture can provide clues to nutrient imbalances. - Physical symptoms typically reflect deficiency in one particular nutrient. - Unlike other assessment techniques, exams yield firm results. - Physical exams cannot detect nutrient toxicity. - Exams can reveal covert changes in the body.
hair and posture can provide clues to nutrient imbalances
What assessment tool is designed to measure how well a diet meets the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines? - Healthy Eating Index - Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program - Dietitian's Comparative Effectiveness Plan - U.S. Public Health Nutrient Assessment Barometer - U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (Forge) Guide
healthy eating index
What is the leading cause of death in the United States? - Cancers - Heart disease - Strokes - Suicide - Accidents
heart disease
Calories or kcalories are a measure of _______ energy. - heat - potential - surface - work - light
heat
Which sweetener is formed from nectar and always contains a mixture of sucrose, fructose, and glucose? - Blackstrap molasses - Honey - Brown sugar - High-fructose corn syrup - Malt syrup
honey
Which sugar is only sold in liquid form and used as a food additive to help preserve freshness and prevent shrinkage? - Molasses - Invert sugar - Turbinado sugar - High-fructose syrup - Brown sugar
invert sugar
By law, what mineral must be added to refined flours during the enrichment process? - Iron - Iodine - Calcium - Magnesium - Copper
iron
Kcalories from which of these foods would most likely be part of someone's discretionary kcalories allowance? - Jam - Watermelon - Raw carrots - Brussels sprouts - Green beans
jam
Which recommendation is part of the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans? - Limit kcalories from added sugars and saturated fats. - Limit protein intake. - Lower iron intake. - Reduce seafood consumption. - Become vegetarians.
limit kcalories from added sugars and saturated fats
Which lipoprotein primarily transports cholesterol in the blood? - Chylomicron - Low-density lipoprotein - High-density lipoprotein - Very low-density lipoprotein - Very high density lipoprotein
low density lipoprotein
A philosophical eating pattern based on mostly plant foods such as whole grains, legumes, and vegetables, with small amounts of fish, fruits, nuts, and seeds, is known as: - Omnivorous diet - Macrobiotic diet - Plant-based diets - Lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet - Lactovegetarian diet
macrobiotic diet
The combination of galactose and glucose make the principle carbohydrate of ________. - milk - table sugar - barley - brown sugar - wheat
milk
What is the simplest nutrient? - Minerals - Water - Protein - Carbohydrates - Vitamins
minerals
Which statement accurately describes carbohydrate in milk and milk products? - A cup of chocolate milk provides about 6 g of carbohydrate. - Most cheeses contain little, if any, carbohydrate. - Cottage cheese provides about 12 g of carbohydrate per cup. - A cup of fruit-filled yogurt yields about 3 g of carbohydrate. - A cup of nonfat milk yields almost 25 grams of carbohydrate.
most cheese contain little, if any, carbohydrate
Glycogen is defined as a storage form of glucose, manufactured and stored in the body's ________. - muscles and liver - pancreas and kidneys - stomach and intestines - brain and red blood cells - spleen and lymphatics
muscles and liver
Which food was one of the first recognized for its ability to reduce blood cholesterol and the risk of heart disease? - Seaweed - Legumes - Barley - Bran - Oatmeal
oatmeal
Which of the following is a potentially healthful source of monounsaturated fats? - Olives - Coconut - Pumpkin seeds - Flaxseed - Eggs
olives
Regular consumption of ________ may help prevent blood clots. - cholesterol - saturated fats - monounsaturated fats - omega-3 fatty acids - omega-6 fatty acids
omega 3 fatty acids
Which term describes the process of a substance combing with oxygen? - Oxidation - Condensation - Hydrogenation - Cis - Conjugation
oxidation
When blood glucose falls, which organ responds first? - Brain - Liver - Muscle - Pancreas - Gallbladder
pancreas
Which term describes the process in which a panel of scientists rigorously evaluates a research study to ensure that the scientific method was followed? - Peer review - Systematic review - Research validity - Meta-analysis - Peer replication
peer review
Which of the following is not a nutrition assessment used by a trained health care professional? - Historical information - Physical examinations - Anthropometric measurements - Personality profile screening - Laboratory tests
personality profile screening
Farah is a movie fan and always eats a big bucket of buttery popcorn at the theater. Her food choice is most likely based on ____. - regional cuisine - values - emotional comfort - positive association - functional value
positive association
A diet history provides clues to ________ deficiencies. - subclinical - primary - secondary - covert - anecdotal
primary
In the USDA Food Patterns, in which food group are legumes found? - Dairy - Fruits - Grains - Protein - Oils
protein
Which is not a potential side effect of high intakes of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids? - Increased bleeding time - Rapid heartbeat - Interference in wound healing - Higher LDL cholesterol - Suppressed immune functions
rapid heartbeat
The most highly fortified foods on the market are ____. - frozen dinners - imitation foods - enriched breads - ready-to-eat breakfast cereals - canned fruits and vegetables
ready to eat breakfast cereals
Which of the following is a source of trans-fats, a potentially harmful lipid? - Mayonnaise - Bacon - Refrigerated biscuits - Milk - Peanut oil
refrigerated biscuits
Which title is given to a person who has a minimum of a bachelor's degree from an accredited university, has completed a supervised practice program, and has passed a national examination administered by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics? - Medical doctor - Registered dietician nutritionist - Certified nutritionist - Certified nutrition therapist - Registered nutritional consultant
registered dietician nutritionist
By consuming a variety of grains what do we contribute to our diet? - Vitamin D - Potassium - Calcium - Riboflavin - Vitamin C
riboflavin
What typically contain more saturated and trans fats than most oils? - Solid fats - kCalorie control - Added sugars - Proteins - Carbohydrates
solid fats
Pectin from fruit is an example of a ________ fiber. - viscous - soluble - fermentable - functional - total
soluble
Which nonnutritive artificial sweetener is herb-derived and generally recognized as safe? - Stevia - Aspartame - Saccharine - Sucralose - Advantame
stevia
Statements that characterize the relationship between a nutrient or other substance in a food and its role in the body is known as: - Structure-function claims - Health claims - Nutrient claims - Daily Values
structure function claims
Which disaccharide is commonly called table sugar? - Maltose - Sucrose - Lactose - Fructose - Galactose
sucrose
Which of the following is not a function of adipose tissue? - To store fat - To protect vital organs from shock - To secrete proteins that help regulate energy balance - To regulate blood glucose levels - To insulate the body from temperature extremes
to regulate blood glucose levels
What is the purpose of the Healthy People program? - To establish the DRI - To identify national trends in food consumption - To identify leading causes of death in the United States - To set goals for the nation's health over the next 10 years - To decrease health care costs
to set goals for the nation's health over the next 10 years
The NHANES studied energy nutrient data over the past 35 years. What were their findings? - Kcalories from carbohydrate decreased from 51% to 42%. - Kcalories from protein increased from 33% to 41% - Kcalories for fat stayed about the same. - Total daily energy intakes increased significantly. - Most people were active enough to use up the extra kcalories they consumed.
total daily energy intakes increased significantly
Which statement describes a feature of iron nutrition in vegetarians? - Vegetarians adapt to absorbing iron more efficiently. - Iron utilization is inhibited by the high zinc content in grains. - The absorption of iron is low due to the high vitamin C intake. - More iron deficiency is found in vegetarians than in people eating a mixed diet. - There are no differences in iron intake or utilization in vegetarians.
vegetarians adapt to absorbing iron more efficiently
Which compound is missing two hydrogen atoms and has one double bond between carbons? - Monounsaturated fatty acid - Polyunsaturated fatty acid - Long-chain saturated fatty acid - Short-chain saturated fatty acid - Triglycerides
Monounsaturated fatty acid
Which statement about the overconsumption of sugary soft drinks is FALSE? - The liquid form of sugar makes it easier to overconsume kcalories. - Sweet beverages cost less than other energy sources and are readily available. - Sweet beverages are energy dense. - Most people limit sugar-laden soda consumption to 12 ounces per day. - Drinking water instead of soda can help a person lose 10 pounds in one year.
Most people limit sugar-laden soda consumption to 12 ounces per day.
Which of the following statements describes a double-blind experiment? - The experimental and control groups take turns getting each treatment. - Neither subjects nor researchers know which subjects are in the control or experimental groups. - Neither group of subjects knows whether they are in the control or experimental group, but the researchers do know. - Both subject groups know whether they are in the control or experimental group, but the researchers do not know. - Neither the subjects nor the persons having contact with the subjects know the true purpose of the experiment.
Neither subjects nor researchers know which subjects are in the control or experimental groups
Which of the following is defined as the maximum daily amount of a nutrient that appears safe for most people and beyond which there is an increased risk of adverse side effects? - EER - UL - AI - RDA - DRI
UL
Which is not a group of lipoproteins? - Chylomicrons - VLDL - LDL - HDL - VHDL
VHDL
Which of the lipoproteins primarily transports triglycerides from the liver to other tissues? - Chylomicrons - VLDL - LDL - HDL - VHDL
VLDL
Which vitamin is found only in animal-derived foods? - Vitamin E - Vitamin C - Vitamin B12 - Vitamin D - Vitamin A
Vitamin B12
How many carbohydrates does the body need each day to prevent ketosis? - 10-25 g - 50-100 g - 100-150 g - 150-200 g - 200-250 g
50-100g
How much energy does 1 gram of fat provide? - 3 kcalories - 5 kcalories - 9 kcalories - 12 kcalories - 15 kcaolories
9 kcalories
Replacing simple carbohydrates with complex carbs typically results in a diet that is higher in ________. - fat - fiber - energy - refined foods - protein
fiber
Which of the following defines the term "conjugated linoleic acid"? - A type of cis-fatty acid - A triglyceride with a phosphate group - A fatty acid with the chemical make-up of linoleic acid but with a different configuration - A food additive that preserves or delays rancidity of fats in foods - A nitrogen-containing compound found in foods and made in the body from the amino acid methionine
A fatty acid with the chemical make-up of linoleic acid but with a different configuration
Which of these protein foods is the leanest? - Eggs - Tofu - Flounder - Peanut butter - Pork tenderloin
flounder
Which of these food labeling claims represents the highest level of significant scientific agreement? - "This cereal promotes a healthy heart." - "This cereal supports heart health." - "This product contains whole grains, which have been proven to reduce the risk of heart disease and certain cancers." - "Very limited and preliminary scientific research suggests this product can reduce risk for cancers; FDA concludes that there is little scientific evidence supporting this claim." - "Anecdotal evidence demonstrates a clear relationship between consumption of this product and elimination of health risk factors."
"This product contains whole grains, which have been proven to reduce the risk of heart disease and certain cancers."
Which statement about food labeling is true? - "Sugars" amounts include added sugars only. - Starch numbers are listed as a separate line item. - "Total Carbohydrate" amounts include starch, sugars, and fiber. - "Total Carbohydrate" amounts includes starch and sugars but not fiber. - "Total Carbohydrate" means only refined carbohydrates.
"Total Carbohydrate" amounts include starch, sugars, and fiber.
The American Heart Association recommends limiting added sugars to ________ kcalories per day for women and ________ kcalories per day for men. - 50, 100 - 75, 125 - 100, 150 - 150, 100 - 125, 50
100, 150
One ounce of a grain (e.g., one slice of bread) provides about ________ g of carbohydrate. - 5 - 10 - 15 - 20 - 25
15
One teaspoon of sugar provides 4 grams of carbohydrates and about ________ kcalories. - 10 - 20 - 30 - 40 - 50
20
The DRI suggests a diet that provides ________ of the daily energy intake from fat. - less than 10% - 10% to 20% - 20% to 35% - 40% to 50% - 50% to 60%
20% to 35%
On a food label, how many calories is the "% Daily Value" based on? - 1200 - 1500 - 1800 - 2000 - 2400
2000
The liver stores about ________ of the body's total glycogen. - 10% - 25% - 33% - 50% - 75%
25%
Cholesterol intakes in the U.S. average ________ milligrams for men. - 112 - 175 - 221 - 315 - 355
315
How many people in the world digest and absorb lactose efficiently throughout their adult life? - 15% - 35% - 50% - 75% - 95%
35%
Carbohydrates should provide ________ of the day's total energy intake to support good health. - 5% - 9% - 10% - 19% - 20% - 29% - 30% - 44% - 45% - 65%
45% - 65%
Adding calcium to an orange juice product is an example of nutrient ____. - enrichment - restoration - fortification - mineralization - adulteration
fortification
Which monosaccharide is found abundantly in fruits? - Glucose - Maltose - Sucrose - Fructose - Galactose
fructose
High-fructose corn syrup is made of roughly 50% fructose and 50% _______. - glucose - maltose - sucrose - galactose - lactose
glucose
Which of these is a member of the omega-3 family? - Stearic acid - Palmitic acid - Linoleic acid - Eicosapentaenoic acid - Arachidonic acid
Eicosapentaenoic acid
Which of the following is not a resistant starch? - Milled grains - Legumes - Just-ripened bananas - Cooked potatoes that have been chilled - Green apples
green apples
Why did the DRI committee not set an Upper Level for fiber? - A body can never have enough high-fiber foods. - High-fiber foods are so filling, they are not likely to be eaten in excess. - There are no consequences to an abundance of high-fiber foods. - Fiber benefits everyone's GI tract, so the more fiber, the healthier the digestive system. - There was not enough evidence regarding fibers effects on health.
High-fiber foods are so filling, they are not likely to be eaten in excess
By definition, lipids that are solid at room temperature (77°F or 25°C) are called ________. - oils - fats - omegas - glycerols - phospholipids
fats
Which of the following is true of carbohydrate cravings and addictions? - People seek carbohydrates to restore brain glucagon levels. - The addiction shares some psychological systems involved in rewards and self-control. - They are regarded as an important public health threat. - They predict other self-destructive behaviors. - They are addictive in the same way that drugs are.
The addiction shares some psychological systems involved in rewards and self-control.
What happens when the body uses energy-yielding nutrients? - The bonds between the atoms break and release energy. - The body converts them into storage compounds. - A person's energy stores are depleted. - The amount of water in the body decreases. - A person's body mass increases.
The bonds between the atoms break and release energy
Which statement best explains the association between a risk factor and the development of a disease? - Anyone with a risk factor will develop the disease. - The absence of a risk factor guarantees freedom from the disease. - The fewer risk factors for a disease, the better the chances for good health. - Interventions must be targeted to each individual risk factor. - Risk factors tend to be short-lived, so their presence does not predict long-term risk of disease.
The fewer risk factors for a disease, the better the chances for good health.
Which statement best describes characteristics of solid fats and oils? - The longer the carbon chain, the softer the fat at room temperature. - Saturated fats are most resistant to oxidation and least likely to become rancid. - Manufacturers use antioxidants to protect fats from becoming rancid. - Hydrogenated fats make margarine spreadable. - Trans-fatty acids behave like saturated fats in the body.
The longer the carbon chain, the softer the fat at room temperature.
Which of the following best describes randomization? - The repetition of an experiment and getting the same results - The process of choosing members of experimental and control groups without bias - The personal account of an experience - The experimentation on subjects who do not know to which group they've been assigned - The knowledge that experimental results were based in fact
The process of choosing members of experimental and control groups without bias
The emulsification of fat by bile is often compared to ________. - the evaporation of alcohol when cooking - a detergent removing grease spots from clothes - driving a car on the highway - a dog wagging its tail - flossing one's teeth
a detergent removing grease spots from clothes
The scientific method always begins with ________. - a problem or a question - an experiment - a theory - a prediction - interpretations
a problem or a question
What are added to foods during processing, preparation, or at the table? - Added sugars - kCalorie control - Oils - Solid fats - Hydrogenated fats
added sugars
The diet-planning principle that ensures that a diet provides all the nutrients, fiber, and energy in amounts sufficient to maintain health is called ____. - variety - adequacy - moderation - kcalorie control - nutrient density
adequacy
Low-carbohydrate diets ________. - are associated with diet-induced diarrhea - cause frequent bouts of hyperglycemia - affect weight loss about the same as low-fat diets - initially cause sugar cravings - increase appetite
affect weight loss about the same as low-fat diets
Which of the following enzymes begins digestion? - Amylase - Maltase - Sucrase - Lactase - Pancreatic amylase
amylase
When is glucose available to supply energy to the brain and other tissues? - Only after 30 minutes of exercise - Only after 60 minutes of exercise - Only after eating a meal with carbohydrates - Only after eating a low-carbohydrate meal - Anytime
anytime
Sports drinks erode tooth enamel because they contain sugar and ________. - are acidic - have a high pH - resist starch - offer insufficient fluoride - an organic base
are acidic
According to the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid, how often should one eat fish and seafood? - Once a week - At least twice a week - Only once a month - No more than a few times a month - Never
at least twice a week
Which of the following is not a sterol? - Estrogen - Cortisol - Cholesterol - Vitamin D - Bile
bile
Which sweetener contains significant amounts of calcium and iron? - Blackstrap molasses - Honey - Brown sugar - High-fructose corn syrup - Malt syrup
blackstrap molasses
You are a health care professional tasked with taking an anthropometric measurement of a client. Which of the following would you measure? - Body weight - Blood pressure - Blood iron level - Cholesterol levels - Serum electrolytes
body weight
One way to prevent dental caries is to restrict the intake of sugary foods. A more effective way is to ________. - brush and floss regularly - consume raisins between meals - substitute honey for table sugar - eat smaller portions of snack foods and space them throughout the day - drink hot beverages when eating sugary foods
brush and floss regularly
How does insulin regulate blood glucose levels? - By raising them - By lowering them - By stimulating glycogen breakdown - By stimulating intestinal carbohydrate absorption - By stimulating ketoacidosis
by lowering them
Omega-3 fatty acids are commonly found in _____________. - oils - crabs - peanuts - fatty fish - chicken
fatty fish
Since the 1970s, total energy intakes increased by almost 300 kcalories, which all came from an increase in ________ kcalories. - fat - protein - alcohol - carbohydrate - lipoproteins
carbohydrate
A chemical reaction wherein two molecules combine to form one larger product is called _______. - hydrolysis - absorption - disaccharide - condensation - polysaccharide
condensation
end of module 1
cool
end of module 2
cool
Which of the following is a starchy vegetable and provides about 15 grams of carbohydrate per half-cup serving? - Corn - Green beans - Broccoli - Tomatoes - Cauliflower
corn
A food label ingredient list reads in the following order: Wheat flour, vegetable shortening, sugar, salt, and cornstarch. What item would be found in the SMALLEST amount in this food? - Salt - Sugar - Cornstarch - Wheat flour - Vegetable shortening
cornstarch
Food labels express the nutrient content in relation to a set of standard values known as the ____. - Daily Values - FDA Standards - Dietary Reference Intakes - Recommended Dietary Intakes - USDA Intake Standards
daily values
Which of the following is not a benefit of eating almonds or walnuts? - Lower mortality - Lower blood cholesterol and blood pressure - Limiting oxidative stress - Providing satiety - Decreasing blood-clotting factors
decreasing blood clotting factors
For those who do not smoke or drink alcohol excessively, the one choice that can influence chronic disease risks more than any other is ________. - diet - avoiding toxins - hand washing - physical activity - safe sex
diet
What is the "fight or flight" hormone, formerly called adrenaline? - Epinephrine - Insulin - Glucagon - Leptin - Gastrin
epinephrine
The motive for people who prefer foods they grew up eating is most likely related to their ____. - values - body image - ethnic heritage - negative association - economy
ethnic heritage
