NUTRITION MODULE 5

A sedentary 2- to 3-year-old child requires about ____ kcalories per day.

1,000

An estimated ____ of adults older than 50 have atrophic gastritis, making them vulnerable to B12 deficiency.

10 to 30%

The DRI Committee recommends ____ of calcium daily for women older than 50 years and men older than 70 years.

1200 milligrams

The maximum potential human life span is currently about ____ years.

130

An overweight woman carrying a single baby should gain about _____ during pregnancy.

15 to 25 pounds

For adequate calcium intake, children nine years of age and older should consume ____ per day of fat-free or low-fat milk or equivalent milk products.

3 cups

A normal-weight woman should gain about _____ pounds during the first trimester.

3 ½

The critical period for development of the eyes is from about _____ weeks.

3 ½ to 7 ½

A healthy infant's birthweight doubles by about ____ months of age.

5

Vitamin D recommendations for an infant are almost ____ per pound of body weight than those for an adult male.

7 times greater

In animals, the life-prolonging benefits of energy restriction become evident when the diet provides enough food to prevent malnutrition and an energy intake of about ____ of normal.

70%

In the United States, ____ percent of people 65 and older live in poverty.

9

What is the placenta?

An organ from which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen and returns carbon dioxide and other waste products to be excreted.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a food allergy?

It always involves the production of antibodies.

All of the following statements about neural defects are true except: a. Risk factors for neural tube defects include maternal diabetes or gestational diabetes, maternal Hispanic ethnicity, maternal obesity, and a personal or family history of a neural tube defect. b. The B vitamin folate, consumed prior to and during pregnancy, helps prevent the occurrence of spina bifida and other neural tube defects. c. Neural tube defects refer to malformations of the brain, spinal cord, or both during early embryonic development. d. The two most common types of neural tube defects are anencephaly (absence of the brain) and spina bifida, which is accompanied by varying degrees of paralysis. e. The neural tube closes on the 40th day of gestation.

The neural tube closes on the 40th day of gestation.

Honey and corn syrup should never be fed to infants because of the risk of ____.

botulism

A healthy diet that includes plenty of fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidant nutrients seems to slow the progression or reduce the risk of developing ____.

cataracts

A comparison of breast milk, infant formula, and cow's milk demonstrates that ____.

cow's milk has the least carbohydrate

Compounds in grapefruit and grapefruit juice interfere with enzymes that metabolize a number of drugs. Which of these drugs is affected by grapefruit juice?

cyclosporine

From two to eight weeks after conception, the developing infant is referred to as a(n) _____.

embryo

The influence of substances during fetal growth on the development of diseases in later life is referred to as _____.

fetal programming

The combination of an inefficient and overactive immune response in aging is referred to as ____.

inflammaging

The increased need for _____ in pregnancy cannot be met by diet or by existing stores, so supplementation is often recommended.

iron

By six to eight months of age, an infant ____.

is able to self-feed finger foods

The ____ in breast milk help to establish and maintain growth of desired bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.

oligosaccharides

Programs such as Meals on Wheels provide at least one meal a day that provides ____ of the RDA for individuals who are 60 years of age or older.

one-third

What is believed to be a safe level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy?

only abstinence is safe

Which medicine increases levels of the enzymes that metabolize folate, vitamin D, and vitamin K, thus requiring possible supplementation of these nutrients?

phenobarbital

A child with dry, dull, or brittle hair may have a(n) ____ deficiency.

protein

Drinking alcohol during the second trimester raises the risk of _____.

spontaneous abortion