nutrition test - chapter 1

What is the kilocalorie difference between one gram of fat and one gram of carbohydrate?

5kcal

Choose the accurate definitions of cardiovascular (heart) disease.

Characterized by the deposition of fatty material in blood vessels, Any disease of the heart and circulatory system, Disease of the vessels of the heart.

Which of the following are the two main causes of obesity among Americans today?

Excessive calorie intake + Inadequate physical activity

What type of research provides the most convincing evidence about relationships between nutrients and health?

Human experiments

What is the kilocalorie content of a food that provides 7 grams fat, 4 grams carbohydrate, and 3 grams protein?

Reason: (7 grams fat X 9 kcal per gram) + (4 grams carbohydrate X 4 kcal per gram) + (3 grams protein X 4 kcal per gram) = 91 kcal

A linkage between two atoms formed by the sharing of electrons, or attraction is called a

bond

A(n) ______ is a linkage between two atoms formed by the sharing of electrons

bond

Which of the following are major classes of essential nutrients?

carbs, lipids, water

The medical term that refers to any disease of the heart and circulatory system is______ disease

cardiovascular

A stroke is a

decrease or loss of blood flow to the brain.

True or false: Human experiments are the only way researchers can understand the effects of nutrients on health.

false

What is the term for the primarily physical drive to find and eat food, mostly regulated by internal cues to eating?

hunger

______ is the medical term for high blood pressure.

hypertension

When a scientist suggests a possible explanation for a natural phenomenon, that explanation is called a(n)

hypothesis

What are structurally simple, inorganic substances, which exist as groups of one or more of the same atoms?

minerals

Choose the statements that are true about alcohol

not considered an essential nutrient, supplies about 7kcal per gram

Which of the following is the main structural material in the body?

proteins

Heredity, lifestyle choices, and nutritional habits are all examples of

risk factors

Match the calorie cost for each of the nutrients in the following food.

10 grams carbohydrate -> 40 kcal 5 grams fat -> 45 kcal 4 grams protein -> 16 kcal

a kilo represents

1000

16 is ______% of 64.

25

What is 7% of 65?

4.55

True or false: Lipids contain fewer calories per gram than carbohydrates.

false

True or false: Meat and dairy products are typically rich in phytochemicals.

false

True or false: Plant sources supply about two-thirds of protein intake for most North Americans.

false

The body can derive all the essential nutrients from

foods and beverages.

A specific segment on a chromosome that provides the blueprints for the production of all body proteins is called a

gene

A(n) ______ provides the instructions for protein synthesis

gene

A(n) ______ provides the instructions for protein synthesis.

gene

Which of the following is the largest? out of kilo, centi, milli, micro

kilo= 1000 centi= 1/100 micro=1/1,000,000 milli= 1/1000

When a researcher observes a natural phenomenon, forms a hypothesis about that phenomenon, and then tests the hypothesis using an experiment, she is using the

scientific method

True or false: A condition in which blood pressure remains persistently elevated is called hypertension

true

True or false: Ethanol is the compound found in alcoholic beverages.

true

True or false: Most body structures are made of protein.

true

True or false: Vitamins enable many chemical reactions to occur in the body.

true

Regular physical activity reduces the risk of

type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease