Nutrition Unit 2 Homework
Why should a consumer be skeptical when shopping at a commercial supplement store?
Clerks are not always certified to provide dietary advice, clerks may not understand the interaction between multiple supplements
The _______________ can regulate nutrition and health related claims on product labels, but cannot regulate misinformation
Food and Drug Administration
True or False: testimonials are not a valid representation of a product's effectiveness
True
When investigating a research question across a population, researchers rely on what type of data measures?
height, weight and surveys
An example of an internet website that might contain biased nutrition information is a:
.com site
What best describes the scientific method?
A procedure designed to eliminate error, testing a scientific question in order to draw an evidence-based conclusion, and an educated guess about the relationship between a variable and an outcome
A type of printed media that focuses on detailed scientific research rather than short articles and advertisements is what?
A scientific journal
What are ways to find reliable nutrition information on the internet?
Avoid websites that provide online diagnoses and treatments, search multiple websites, do not trust information on websites that don't include valid sources
The _____ enforces consumer protection law and investigates complaints about false or misleading health claims that appear on the internet
FTC (Federal Trade Commission)
In a double-blind research study, which of the following individuals are unaware of who is in the control/treatment groups?
Researchers and subjects
Saying that a company is hiding information about a cure that will help you is an examples of a ________ ___________
Scare Tactic
report of personal experiences
anecdote
A true nutrition expert:
is usually a registered dietitian, has experience in the application of scientific methodology, has extensive college coursework in nutrition, food science, and chemistry
A college trained health-care professional who has extensive knowledge of foods and nutrition is called a:
registered dietitian (RD), Registered Dietitian nutritionist (RDN), licensed dietitian nutritionist (LDN)
Researchers will often use small mammals such as rats or mice for which reasons?
safety issues, it is less expensive to house them in laboratories, and ethical concerns
When results of two researchers asking similar questions are conflicting there may be a difference in the:
Design
An ___________________ is a systematic way of testing a scientific question
Experiment
Consumer must critically evaluate nutrition information for accuracy because:
Freedom of speech allows people to provide information that is untrue
The U.S. Department of Agriculture or www.quackwatch.org are examples of sites in which you can obtain credential information about a _________________ _________________
Nutrition Professional
optimism that a treatment will improve a health condition that alters accurate reporting of results by the study participants is known as the:
Placebo effect
personal endorsement of a product. These endorsements are biased and often found in advertisements for various products
Testimonial
Which of the following are potential red flags for acquiring information?
Testimonials and anecdotes of effectiveness, money back guarantees for a product, recommendations from a single study
One of the most well known studies examining the relationships between various personal characteristics and health outcomes
The Framingham Heart Study of 1949
The participants in an experiment who are not given the treaatment being tested are known as what?
The control group
What are some suggestions to help consumers make healthful and logical nutrition decisions?
avoid practitioners who prescribe unnecessary megadoses of nutrients, read product labels carefully, examine the scientific credentials of the individual or company making a claim, and apply healthy nutrition practices to confirm or disprove claims
What are some risk factors for heart disease identified by the Framingham Heart Study?
elevated cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia), and cigarette smoking
The FTC is responsible for
enforcing consumer protection laws and investigating complaints about misleading health claims
A registered dietitian is highly trained and has extensive knowledge in what?
health-related conditions, nutrition, and food
What ramifications are possible for false claims by product promoters?
nothing can be done because of freedom of speech
What are some examples of scare tactics?
your doctor is not telling you all you need to know about your disease, the medical community is hiding information from you just to make money
What is an inherited factor that influences a person's susceptibility to develop a particular disease?
Genetics
What motivates the promoter of a product? Are they more interested in you health or in selling the product? Is the source information from a peer-reviewed journal? These questions are examples of:
How to evaluate nutrition information
A subject or animal in a scientific experiment who receives a non-placebo drug is a member of the ________________ _______________
Treatment group
Reliable information on the internet can be found by doing what?
search sited that are managed by qualified health professionals
A website that is authored or sponsored by one person is more likely to provide ____________ information
biased
What is the step that initiates the scientific method for a researcher?
observation of a natural phenomenon
Before performing research on ___________, researchers will often use small mammals as subjects for safety and ethical concerns
Humans
How could you identify nutrition experts at the college or university level?
Individuals who conduct nutrition research, Individuals who teach nutrition courses, and individuals who hold a graduate degree in nutrition field
What questions should be asked when evaluating nutrition information?
It the information from an article in a peer-reviewed journal?, Are the authors trying to sell me something?, and who sponsored the research?
Expression that describes clues to signal possible misinformation
Red Flag
A legally protected term that validates an individual's credentials by confirming that they have met a nationally established standards.
Registered Dietitian
Process that tests a scientific question in order to generate a conclusion, which can be reported and then confirmed or refuted by additional studies
The scientific method
True or False: A friend's personal experience with a product is known as an anecdote
True
True or False: nutrition recommendations tend to shift overtime in response to new research findings validated by multiple studies
True
True or False: population-based studies generally cannot establish cause and effect relationships between independent and dependent variables
True
Non-inherited factors that contribute to a person's overall health and may influence the outcome of population-wide studies
diet, environment, and lifestyle
a ______________________ is a study in which neither the researchers nor the participants know who is in the treatment or control groups
double-blind
Sources that are likely to be unsupported by scientific evidence
internet, radio and television
Researchers will often submit their studies to journals for publication rather than a magazine because other specialists in the field, or ____________ ________________, will evaluate the work first
peer reviewers
A fake medicine or treatment used to disguise the treatments given to the participants in an experiment
placebo
To understand why Asian cultures have lower risk of heart disease than other groups a researcher may conduct:
population-wide studies
The difference between a double-blind and a single-blind study is:
the researcher doesn't know who is in each group for the double-blind study
True or False: Nutrition professors who are faculty members are not considered clinical nutrition experts unless they have registered dietitian license
False