OB chapter 1
Principals of scientific management
Frederick Taylor, (1911). Van De Water (1997) reported these principles as: (1) science over rule of thumb, (2) scientific selection and training, (3) cooperation over individualism, and (4) equal division of work best suited to management and employees.
scientific management
A set of principles and practices designed to increase the performance of individual employees by stressing job simplification and specialization.
george pullman
made his fortune by designing and building sleeper cars that made long distance rail travel more comfortable. Built a company town near Chicago for his employees.
SIOP
the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, represents the IO psychologist in the united states
Scientific Practitioner model
using a sceintific approach to clinical work, adoptin scientific methods to learn more aout the nature of he psychological disorder. Both its causes and treatment.
basic principals of frederick w taylor
Variety, Balance, Moderation, Adequacy...
Qualitative research
*emphasis on words and feelings; *research problems/methods evolve as understanding of topic increases; *smaller sample sizes; *relies on categorizing & organizing data into themes or patterns to describe & synthesize the data; *high level interaction with subjects; *many possible contexts & meanings for different people; *subjective by nature
hawthorne effect
A change in a subject's behavior caused simply by the awareness of being studied
licensure
A mandatory credentialing process established by law, usually at the state level, that grants the right to practice certain skills and endeavors
I/O Psychology
An area of scientifc study and professional practice that addresses psychological concepts and principles in the work world.
frederick w taylor
He pioneered scientific management by doing time-motion studies on worker's operations. He determined the simplest, cheapest way of performing jobs. He was an engineer who wanted to eliminate wasted motion in the manufacture of autos. He is known as the "Father of Scientific Management." He wrote the book, "The Principles of Scientific Management."
Types of Research Methods
Quantitative, Qualitative
psychology
Science of behavior and mental processes
the hawthorne studies
Scientific Management Perspective - determine how economic incentives and physical conditions of workplace affected the output of workers....
pullman palace car
This company, which manufactured sleeping cars, constructed a "model town" for employees in response to the Great Railroad Strike of 1877. When a wage cut was announced and their union leader was fired, its workers went on strike. Other rail workers showed support by refusing to load, link, or carry any train with this company's car attached. As a result, rail owners began linking US mail cars to this company's cars. President Cleveland encouraged the filing of an injunction to demand the workers stop striking. The union refused and was eventually jail
frederick w taylor assumption of work
business extist to make money (high profit) 1. high efficiency 2. low cost 3. piece work incentive system ( liking pay performance)
I/O Psychology fields
have 5 groups: selection and placement , training and development, Performance Management, Organizational Effectiveness, Quality of worklife.
bank wiring observation room
naturalistic observation, workers conspired to completely reduce less instead of compete to produce more to make more (violation of rationality principle), Observe employees in natural setting in job.... pay increase = lower output.
illumination study
workplace lighting adjustments afected both the control and the experimental groups of production employeees.. , In which Hawthrone study did productivity increase in nearly all levels of lighting except near darkness?
