OB - Chapters 1-15

Active Listening:

Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as needed, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

The Big Five: Neuroticism

The degree to which a person is anxious, irritable, temperamental, and moody.

The Big Five: Openness

The degree to which a person is curious, original, intellectual, creative, and open to new ideas.

The Big Five: Conscientiousness

The degree to which a person is organized, systematic, punctual, achievement oriented, and dependable.

The Big Five: Extraversion

The degree to which a person is outgoing, talkative, sociable, and enjoys being in social situations.

The culture of Altmira Corporation is characterized by participative decision making, innovation and openness. The accounting department, however, is run using authoritarian decision making to ensure efficiency and effectiveness. Accounting manager Gordon Paul believes in tight control to prevent errors. The accounting department's culture could be classified as a counterculture. side culture. weak culture. strong culture.

counterculture.

Organizational citizenship behaviors include all of the following EXCEPT assisting new employees. working voluntary overtime. speaking positively about the organization. performing their assigned duties ahead of schedule.

performing their assigned duties ahead of schedule.

Security, safety and social equality are all examples of cultural ______. assumptions. artifacts. values. All of the above.

values.

_____________ are part of the culture maintenance phase. Leadership actions Preferences Industry demands Founder values

Leadership actions

Distributive Negotiation

Negotiators see the situation as a pie that they have to divide between them. Each tries to get more of the pie and "win."

To ensure all cast members share the history of Walt Disney World, new hires at the resort must take the courses on traditions at Disney. With these classes, the Walt Disney Company is maintaining its culture in the ________ process. Attraction Selection Onboarding Attrition

Onboarding

Strategic Decisions

Set the course for an organization. Changing strategic direction or introducing a new product that requires years of development would represent a strategic decision.

Emotional Intelligence:

The ability to understand others more completely by becoming more aware of one's own and others' emotions.

Organizational Commitment:

The emotional attachment people have toward the company they work for.

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding self-managed teams? Self-managed teams lack direction. Employees on self-managed teams have higher skill variety. Employees on self-managed teams have higher job satisfaction. Self-managed teams have higher turnover.

b. Employees on self-managed teams have higher job satisfaction.

Which of the following is a hygiene rather than a motivation factor in Herzberg's Two-factor Theory? a. Interesting work b. Salary c. Promotion opportunities d. Achievement

b. Salary

The tendency for decision makers to be influenced by the way that a situation or problem is presented is a. anchoring bias. b. framing bias. c. overconfidence bias. d. None of the above.

b. framing bias.

Conflict between two individuals such as coworkers is also known as a. intergroup conflict. b. interpersonal conflict. c. interdepartmental conflict. d. intrapersonal conflict.

b. interpersonal conflict.

Ariel was writing a paper at her laptop when the phone rang. She answered it but kept writing as she talked. It was a friend who needed an assignment that had been given last week. Ariel e-mailed her the assignment. A second e-mail just arrived from the friend, which said: "I said the assignment for Monday, this is Wednesday's." Ariel likely made the mistake because of the _________ in her communication situation. a. message b. noise c. sender d. feedback

b. noise

The body's "fight or flight" response causes which of the following physical symptoms to occur? a. Digestion interruption b. Narrow-eye focus c. Decreased heart rate d. Deep breathing

c. Decreased heart rate

The systematic study and application of knowledge about how individuals and groups act within the organizations where they work is termed a. economics. b. sociology. c. organizational behavior. d. clinical psychology.

c. organizational behavior.

To create a culture change at an organization, a common practice of boards of directors is to a. publish the emails of previous managers. b. publish the salaries of the previous managers. c. remove the CEO and/or other top managers. d. fire all the current employees.

c. remove the CEO and/or other top managers.

In the Job Characteristics (VISAF) model, Task significance refers to a. the extent to which the job requires a person to utilize multiple high level skills. b. the degree to which a person is in charge of completing an identifiable piece of work from start to finish. c. whether a person's job substantially affects other people's health, work or well-being. d. the degree to which a person has the freedom to decide how to perform his tasks.

c. whether a person's job substantially affects other people's health, work or well-being.

Your paycheck could likely satisfy which of the following needs identified by Maslow? a. physiological needs. b. esteem needs. c. safety needs. d. all of the above.

d. All of the above

Which of the following statements reflects a symptom of groupthink? a. We are the only ones who know the truth and we must protect it. b. Those who oppose us are cowards and traitors. c. Everyone agrees with us, and those who don't should be put in jail. d. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

Maria strongly disliked working in groups in college because she always felt there was someone who did not "pull his weight." However, now that she is a manager, she must organize teams in her firm. Which of the following is a tip to prevent social loafing she has received from other managers in her company? a. Evaluate the team only, not the individuals within the team. b. Assign equal amounts of work to group members. c. Choose a larger number of employees for each team. d. Define or confirm each individual's tasks in front of the group.

d. Define or confirm each individual's tasks in front of the group.

A Management By Objectives (MBO) program includes a. detaching individual goals from organizational strategy. b. setting individual goals aligned with personal strategy. c. developing goals from existing action plans. d. None of these.

d. None of these.

Research on motivation in different cultures indicates that a. high power distance cultures value having a voice in the justice process. b. Chinese study participants place the highest value on procedural justice. c. equity is not culture specific; all cultures utilize this method to achieve fairness. d. in industrialized nations, satisfaction with esteem needs was a more powerful motivator than satisfaction of physiological or security needs.

d. in industrialized nations, satisfaction with esteem needs was a more powerful motivator than satisfaction of physiological or security needs.

Jared is a member of the engineering department in the manufacturing firm and also serves on the Strategy 2025 team, which is crafting an engineering strategy for the firm's future. He has a "Do not miss" meeting in the engineering department scheduled for Wednesday at 8 a.m. and just received an urgent email about a "Can't miss" meeting for the strategy group at 8:15 a.m. Wednesday morning. Jared is experiencing a. interpersonal conflict. b. intergroup conflict. c. role ambiguity. d. intrapersonal conflict.

d. intrapersonal conflict.

Self-efficacy:

A belief that one can perform a specific task successfully.

Job Enrichment:

A job redesign technique allowing workers more control over how they perform their own tasks. As an alternative to job specialization, companies using job enrichment may experience positive outcomes, such as reduced turnover, increased productivity, and reduced absences.

You are nearly done with your shift as a cashier at Bill Miller's and, perhaps because you were tired or distracted thinking about your stats project due tomorrow, you charge a customer for his plate and the plate of the customer behind him. The elder gentleman gets very upset and starts ranting. "You are overcharging me! You should go to jail for life, you Ponzi-scheming, Bernie Madoff wannabe, thief!" This is an example of

A moral equivalence argument that undermines the value of the customer's position.

After Deena wrecked into a parked car, she told the police officer "It wasn't my fault! The car just swerved on its own. I saw this thing on Netflix where Boeing made changes to airplane controls without telling anyone. I bet the automakers do the same thing!" Deena's reasoning is

A red herring argument that doesn't actually support her effort to not get cited.

Fundamental Attribution Error

A situation in which good outcomes are attributed to personal characteristics, such as intelligence, but undesirable outcomes are attributed to external circumstances, such as the weather.

Groupthink

A tendency to avoid a critical evaluation of ideas the group favors.

Levels of Hierarchy vs. Span of Control:

Another important element of a company's structure is the number of levels it has in the hierarchy. In general, tall structures have several layers of management between frontline employees and the top level, while flat structures consist of few layers. A closely related concept is span of control, or the number of employees reporting to a single manager. In tall structures, the span of control tends to be smaller, resulting in greater opportunities for managers to supervise and monitor employee activities. In contrast, flat structures involve a wider span of control. In such a structure, managers will be relatively unable to provide close supervision, leading to greater levels of freedom of action for each employee.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the dimensions of organizational culture? Proactive behavior tends to emerge often in stable companies. Outcome-oriented cultures hold managers accountable for success, but not other employees. Employees tend to stay longer in people-oriented cultures. In team-oriented cultures, managers have less positive relationships with their subordinates than in other cultures.

Employees tend to stay longer in people-oriented cultures.

Which of these is NOT a characteristic required to be an effective leader according to Transformational Leadership theory and Kouzes & Posner's Exemplary Leadership Practices model? People and Task focus, as Individual Consideration/Intellectual Stimulation and Encourage the Heart/Challenge the Process Referent power or Trust, as Idealized Influence-Behavioral and Model the Way Important job title, as Idealized Influence-Attributed and Enable Others to Act Visionary approach, as Inspirational Motivation and Inspire a Shared Vision

Important job title, as Idealized Influence-Attributed and Enable Others to Act

Lean vs. 6 Sigma:

Lean is concerned with efficiency. It focuses on how operational processes are designed and managed to minimize inefficiencies that can be attributed to the following. Delays Errors Waste ERs must minimize delays so patients can be seen soon after they arrive. On-line retailers must design processes to minimize order processing delays. Six Sigma, on the other hand, focuses on: Quality Consistency By consistency we mean delivering products and services that day-after-day meet quality standards; the product we deliver today is just like the one that is delivered tomorrow. When we eat a restaurant, purchase a new hard drive, or travel on an airplane, we expect a certain level of quality.

To ensure all cast members share the history of Walt Disney World, new hires at the resort must take the courses on traditions at Disney. With these classes, the Walt Disney Company is maintaining its culture in the ________ process. Onboarding Selection Attrition Attraction

Onboarding

Which of the following statements is true of organizational commitment? There is very little overlap with job satisfaction. Organizational commitment is more stable than job satisfaction and more encompassing than "loyalty". Relationships at work have little influence on organizational behavior. Organizational commitment is a strong predictor of performance.

Organizational commitment is more stable than job satisfaction and more encompassing than "loyalty".

Job Crafting:

Proactive changes employees make in their own job descriptions. Expanding certain elements that are a better fit to their own personality, or reducing the scope of the job to achieve better work-life balance, all in the service of better meeting the employee's career and life goals. 3 types: task crafting (changing the content of the job), relational crafting (changing the quality and amount of interactions involved with other people), and cognitive crafting (changing the way the person thinks about the job).

Structural vs. Felt Empowerment:

The aspects of the work environment that give employees discretion and autonomy, and enable them to do their jobs effectively. vs Can make them feel empowered: Access to information is often mentioned as a key factor in empowering employees. If employees are not given information to make an informed decision, empowerment attempts will fail.

Which of the following statements regarding the Milgram experiment on conformity to authority is correct?

The experimenter's role as being perceived as a position of authority was an important factor in many participants' decisions to comply with shocking the learners above levels they personally thought to be unsafe.

Which of the following statements regarding the impact of national culture on the culture of domestic firms is correct? The high power distance culture of Arab countries is likely to produce people-oriented cultures in Arab companies. National culture has little impact on domestic firms. The harmonious culture of Japan is likely to lead to the establishment of more team-oriented corporate cultures in Japanese firms. The hierarchical orientation in Brazilian culture is likely to produce Brazilian companies with flat corporate structures.

The harmonious culture of Japan is likely to lead to the establishment of more team-oriented corporate cultures in Japanese firms.

_________ refers to the number of levels within an organization. a. Hierarchy b. Centralization c. Structure d. Departments

a. Hierarchy

The triple bottom line refers to evaluating an organization on all of the following performance criteria EXCEPT: a. Social. b. Demographic. c. Economic. d. Environmental.

b. Demographic

Which of the following is accurate regarding the nature of social roles in a team? a. If social roles are filled in a firm, groups are more prone to suffer process losses. b. If social roles are filled in a firm, groups are more cohesive. c. If social roles are filled in a firm, group members are more likely to engage in social loafing. d. If social roles are filled in a firm, group members are more likely to have biases.

b. If social roles are filled in a firm, groups are more cohesive.

Which of the following statements regarding structure and change around the world is correct? a. France is relatively comfortable with change because it is low in uncertainty avoidance. b. The United States is more likely to use rational persuasion as an influence tactic than China. c. The United States is characterized by higher levels of centralization than firms in Singapore and Hong Kong. d. None of the above.

b. The United States is more likely to use rational persuasion as an influence tactic than China.

McClelland utilized a method of showing the subject an ambiguous image and having them write a story about it. The name of this method and what it assesses is the a. ERG Theory; hierarchical need b. Thematic Apperception Test; dominant need c. Two-Factor Theory; hierarchical need d. Acquired-Needs Theory; subordinate need

b. Thematic Apperception Test; dominant need

What advice would you give someone regarding overcoming resistance to their proposals? a. Listen only to those who are absolutely necessary to support the change. b. Understand the reasons for resistance, even if you might have to change your proposals. c. Do not listen to naysayers; haters gonna hate. d. Confront active resistance strongly and publicly; you have to break a few eggs to make an omelet.

b. Understand the reasons for resistance, even if you might have to change your proposals.

Social loafing a. declines as group size increases. b. develops from the perception that one will not receive their fair share of the rewards and/or blame in a group. c. is relatively rare within groups. d. is more frequent in the United States.

b. develops from the perception that one will not receive their fair share of the rewards and/or blame in a group.

To successfully facilitate a group, a leader needs to move through a series of leadership styles over time. Which of the following styles is the FIRST a successful group leader should exhibit? a. delegator b. director c. coordinator d. coach

b. director

A movie called the "Money Pit" starring Tom Hanks and Shelley Long focused on the couple buying a house and continually having to spend money repairing one part of it after another. A number of times they should have sold the house, but they kept thinking that if they did just one more thing, the house would be great. This is situation is an example of what decision-making trap? a. anchoring b. escalation of commitment c. framing bias d. Oscar award selection bias

b. escalation of commitment

The belief that one's own culture is superior to other cultures is a. geocentrism. b. ethnocentrism. c. polycentrism. d. monocentrism.

b. ethnocentrism.

The bounded rationality decision-making model, or satisficing, _______ . a. describes a series of steps that decision makers should consider if their goal is to maximize their outcome and make the best choice. b. recognizes the limitations of human decision-making by selecting an acceptable alternative from a limited, manageable set of options which meets the known needs at the time rather than seeking the optimal choice. c. refers to arriving at decisions without conscious reasoning, arguing that experts make decisions by scanning the environment for cues to recognize patterns. d. refers to arriving at decisions after first gathering information about the problem and then setting the problem consciously aside until an insightful solution to the problem arises.

b. recognizes the limitations of human decision-making by selecting an acceptable alternative from a limited, manageable set of options which meets the known needs at the time rather than seeking the optimal choice.

Daisha designs merchandise displays for a high-end department store. She often works late to make her displays especially creative and unusual because she enjoys the comments from shoppers. According to Maslow's hierarchy, beyond pay, Daisha's job performance most clearly satisfies what need? a. love and belonging b. self-esteem c. physiological d. safety and security

b. self-esteem

Self-esteem is a. the belief that one can perform a specific task successfully. b. the degree to which a person has overall positive feelings about him or herself. c. the degree to which people feel accountable for their own behaviors. d. the inclination to change the status quo.

b. the degree to which a person has overall positive feelings about him or herself.

Research on equity theory suggests a. those who perceive inequity increase their work performance. b. those who feel over-rewarded experience little distress over the situation. c. those who feel over-rewarded experience guilt over the situation. d. those who perceive inequity encourage their fellow coworkers to work less hard.

b. those who feel over-rewarded experience little distress over the situation.

If an industry is highly regulated, firms competing within it likely have dynamic, innovative cultures. businesses processes characterized by agility and quick action. bureaucratic structures. low concern for rules and authority.

bureaucratic structures.

Which of the following statements is true regarding cultural aspects of motivation in a work environment? a. Mexican employees work very effectively in self-managed teams. b. Indian employees are very satisfied when they are empowered. c. Chinese employees are very motivated when goals are very difficult. d. Peer appraisals are very effective in collectivism cultures.

c. Chinese employees are very motivated when goals are very difficult.

Which of the following factors has NOT been found to be correlated to the cultural dimension of Individualism / Collectivism? a. Geographic latitude of countries b. Perceived level of corruption in countries (e.g. CPI, Corruption Perception Index) c. Gender representation in the leadership of countries d. General economic prosperity of countries (e.g. GDP/capita)

c. Gender representation in the leadership of countries

Which of the following actions would be recommended in order to avoid getting stuck in the storming phase of Tuckman's group development? a. Make sure to limit discussions and discussants. It is not productive to re-hash all the same points over and over. b. Focus on developing out of the storming phase quickly. The quicker you can move to norming, the better. c. Normalize conflict. Conflict is normal and can be cathartic. d. Majority rules. Focus on the opinions of most people in the group.

c. Normalize conflict. Conflict is normal and can be cathartic.

Based on employment statistics, age diversity at work will continue into the future. Thus, the findings from research examining age diversity will become increasingly useful in managing the workforce. Which of the following statements about those research findings is accurate? a. Older workers are generally stereotyped as more qualified and having higher potential. b. Older employees are more likely to be absent from their jobs. c. Older workers are less likely to quit their jobs when dissatisfied at work. d. Older workers are stereotyped as being more able to handle stress.

c. Older workers are less likely to quit their jobs when dissatisfied at work.

Intrapersonal conflict refers to a. a type of conflict between two people. b. conflict that takes place between different groups such as between different departments. c. a type of conflict that arises when a person is uncertain about what is expected or wanted or has a sense of being inadequate to the task. d. a process that involves people disagreeing.

c. a type of conflict that arises when a person is uncertain about what is expected or wanted or has a sense of being inadequate to the task.

A negative bargaining range implies ________ . a. both parties are in a bad mood during negotiations b. a distributive approach favors the seller c. an integrative approach may be required to achieve a satisfactory outcome d. the agreement will be bad for both parties

c. an integrative approach may be required to achieve a satisfactory outcome

Emma finds a great sale on new tires for her car. However, after she analyzes the brand of tire she wants for two weeks and whether she needs snow tires too, the tires are no longer on sale. Emma lost out on the sale because of a. bad timing b. bad retailers c. analysis paralysis d. deficient market functions

c. analysis paralysis

According to the VISAF formula for the motivating potential score of a job, the most important elements in deciding motivation potential are a. skill variety and autonomy. b. task significance and task identity. c. autonomy and feedback. d. skill variety and feedback.

c. autonomy and feedback.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs as a theory of motivation a. was developed based on Maslow's observations of individual employees in a variety of workplace settings. b. enjoys strong research support. c. suggests once basic needs are satisfied, higher order needs become motivators. d. All of the above.

c. suggests once basic needs are satisfied, higher order needs become motivators.

Jennifer strongly dislikes her next-door neighbors, yet every time she sees them she stops to pleasantly chat with them for a few moments. Jennifer is engaging in a. cognitive acting. b. deep acting. c. surface acting. d. genuine acting.

c. surface acting.

Research shows that all of the following impact the employee's satisfaction with the job and commitment to the organization EXCEPT a. how he or she is treated in the firm. b. the actual work the employee performs. c. the firm's competitiveness. d. the relationships formed with colleagues and managers.

c. the firm's competitiveness.

To ensure that goal setting is viewed as a positive process and not a potential ethical challenge, there should be efforts to address possible downsides, such as by a. allowing employees to adapt their approach in response to unplanned scenarios. b. setting rewards which are established for coming close to, as well as achieving a goal. c. setting goals which account for related or sustained metrics, not just for single, one-time metrics such as meeting quarterly production quotas d. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

Which of the following is considered a good piece of advice to offer individuals who want to engage in successful negotiations? a. Don't establish deadlines; when the negotiations are over, they are over. b. Focus on disagreement first and then go back to those areas that are easily resolved. c. Rushing negotiations can be a good tactic. d. Don't worry about periods of silence; just wait.

d. Don't worry about periods of silence; just wait.

You are leading your company's negotiations with a German firm in Berlin. Your counterpart has just made a very good offer, and while your finance expert whispers support in your ear, you want to signal the Germans an encouraging sign. Which of the following actions should you take? a. Give a "thumbs up" sign. b. Give an "OK" sign. c. Wave your hand to get their attention. d. None of the above.

d. None of the above.

Of these countries, in which do employees work the most hours each year? a. Mexico b. Spain c. Germany d. United States

d. United States CHECK

Task interdependence a. only occurs when one individual's output becomes another's input. b. is non-existant when team members work independently and simply combine their efforts to create a team's outputs. c. requires that team members work on each task simultaneously. d. varies to the degree that team members are dependent upon one another to get information, support, or materials from other team members to be effective.

d. varies to the degree that team members are dependent upon one another to get information, support, or materials from other team members to be effective.

Individuals with a high need for affiliation a. desire to make an impact on the organization. b. want to influence others. c. have a strong need to be successful. d. want to be accepted by others.

d. want to be accepted by others.

Which of the following factors has been shown to be a cause of HIGH levels of absenteeism in a firm? a. positive work attitudes b. personality c. older age of the worker d. work-life balance issues

d. work-life balance issues

Attitudes:

Our opinions, beliefs, and feelings about aspects of our environment.

In countries emphasizing harmony and conflict resolution, such as Sweden or the Netherlands, a(n) ___________ culture may more easily take root. team-oriented aggressive innovative All of the above.

team-oriented

Job Enlargement:

Expanding the tasks performed by employees to add more variety. By giving employees several different tasks to be performed, as opposed to limiting their activities to a small number of tasks, organizations hope to reduce boredom and monotony as well as utilize human resources more effectively

Hygiene Factors (Hertzberg):

Factors that are extrinsic to the job, such as company policies and working conditions.

Job Rotation:

Moving employees from job to job at regular intervals.

Which factor is related to lower absenteeism, lower turnover, and more Organizational Citizenship Behaviors, such as staying late to help a new hire? older employees health work-life balance poor work attitude

older employees

Big Five Personality Traits / Five Factor Model (FFM):

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

Communication (book):

(Same as webster's) Professor: how we coordinate actions and achieve goals

Group Cohesion:

Can be thought of as a kind of social glue. It refers to the degree of camaraderie within the group. Cohesive groups are those in which members are attached to each other and act as one unit.

Cognitive (Process/Task) Conflict

Conflict that results from disagreements over work-related issues such as meeting schedules, work assignments, processes, or the task itself

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Organizational Commitment Scale? Continuance Commitment, a need to remain despite feeling "stuck". Normative Commitment, a sense of obligation. Contractual Commitment, an agreement to work for a set period of time. Affective Commitment, an emotional attachment.

Contractual Commitment, an agreement to work for a set period of time.

The trait approach to leadership examines which of the following factors? Personality characteristics Both personality and the work environment Leadership behaviors Environmental influences on leadership

Personality characteristics

Research suggests which of the following is an outcome of impression management?

Receiving higher performance ratings

_______________ power is more effective than formal power and is positively related to employee performance and organizational commitment. Legitimate Reward Information Referent

Referent

Which of the following is likely to result in increased use of informal, unofficial, and behind-the- scenes efforts to sell ideas, influence the organization, and achieve personal objectives?

Role ambiguity

Values:

Shared principles, standards, and goals.

Extraversion is Negatively associated with good leadership. Not associated with good leadership. Moderately associated with good leadership. Strongly associated with good leadership.

Strongly associated with good leadership.

Which of the following statements regarding work-life conflict is accurate? a. Work-life conflict is greater for men than for women. b. Supervisors should should support employees when work interferes with life, but coworkers are a better resource when life interferes with work. c. Work demands and family demands are always incompatible. d. Work-life conflict has gone down in recent years due to better technology.

Supervisors should should support employees when work interferes with life, but coworkers are a better resource when life interferes with work.

Surface-level vs. Deep-level diversity:

Surface-level: Traits that are highly visible to us and those around us, such as race, gender, and age. Deep-level diversity: Diversity in values, beliefs, and attitudes.

Organizational Citizenship Behaviors:

Voluntary behaviors employees perform to help others and benefit the organization.

Which of the following statements is true of major life changes and the chance of developing stress related illness? a. Holmes-Rahe found that incidences of illness and death increases in the 12 months after major life events, whether positive or negative. b. Stress results from negative life changes but not from positive ones. c. Life events can impact our psychological health, but not our physical well-being. d. Stressors are one-time events that quickly pass, so the number of stressors you experience in a 12 month period is not important.

a. Holmes-Rahe found that incidences of illness and death increases in the 12 months after major life events, whether positive or negative.

According to the text, which of the following factors has the most influence on worker motivation? a. Job design b. Growth opportunities c. Recognition d. Pay

a. Job design

Which of the following statements regarding the Zimbardo study is correct? a. The Zimbardo study was ended early due to the participant's deep entrenchment of the roles, supporting the maxim "Power corrupts". b. The guards became abusive and aggressive, but the prisoners exhibited little reaction. c. Study participants refused to adapt to their roles, thinking it was all a game. d. The experimental guards received training before they were told to keep order and were removed from the experiment if they broke the rules.

a. The Zimbardo study was ended early due to the participant's deep entrenchment of the roles, supporting the maxim "Power corrupts".

Which of the following is an example of a decision where public crowdsourcing might produce a good result? a. The date in August for a special one-day 30%-off sale. b. The name of a $300 million polar research ship. c. The new company motto. d. All of the above; it's always good to let the people decide.

a. The date in August for a special one-day 30%-off sale.

Wellness programs, such as gym memberships, free health screenings, weight loss programs, and smoking cessation programs a. are associated with reduced turnover and absenteeism. b. should be offered to only the best employees. c. operate based on the placebo effect. d. have little to do with work, but employees like them.

a. are associated with reduced turnover and absenteeism.

Organic structures a. are conducive to entrepreneurial activity and general innovativeness. b. maximize efficiency and minimize costs. c. are related to lower job satisfaction. d. have formal communication channels.

a. are conducive to entrepreneurial activity and general innovativeness.

The degree to which decision-making authority is concentrated at higher levels in an organization is a. centralization. b. departmentalization. c. formalization. d. hierarchical levels

a. centralization.

Imagine that you are a salesperson in a major department store. Though you might not actually believe it, you follow the policy of "the customer is always right" in your daily work at the store. However, since you do not agree with that view, you often experience a. cognitive dissonance. b. emotional contagions. c. flow. d. genuine acting.

a. cognitive dissonance.

The control an individual has over their own online information collection, storage, and reporting is a. data privacy b. online permissions c. ethical data d. All of the above

a. data privacy

The idea that people can participate in a meeting without being embarrassed or experience retribution for their comments is psychological safety. a human resources problem. physiological barrier protection. something people just need to get over.

a. psychological safety.

In analyzing the data, the researcher notes that as employee absences increase, scores on performance evaluations decrease. This suggests a. there is a correlation between employee absenteeism and employee performance. b. employee absence causes poor performance. c. employee absence is a reliable measure. d. employee performance is a valid measure.

a. there is a correlation between employee absenteeism and employee performance

Which of the following is most strongly related to a lower Intention to Quit? a. A sense of obligation to the company b. A sense of belonging in the workplace c. Being paid at least $20 per hour d. Not having any better alternatives

b. A sense of belonging in the workplace

What precaution should companies take when using Artificial Intelligence (AI) measures in hiring and selection? a. Avoid relying on interviewer's judgments which contradict AI findings. b. Avoid complete reliance on AI findings; they might be as biased as people can be. c. Focus more on candidates with high levels of openness and extraversion, and less on those with high levels of conscientiousness. d. Focus on machine learning algorithms which measure all aspects of personality without regard to job-specific characteristics.

b. Avoid complete reliance on AI findings; they might be as biased as people can be.

When trying to memorize your nine digit social security number, you probably memorized it in small groups such as 123, 45, 6789. This is an example of: a. Using mnemonic devices b. Chunking c. Visualizing d. Overlearning

b. Chunking

Mary is a new employee in the handbag department of a major department store and is covering the sales floor alone for the day while the managers are at an offsite meeting. After a very busy morning, she is not sure whether she should stay on the sales floor attending customers while leaving some empty shelves, or if she should leave the floor for 10-15 minutes to go back into the stockroom to replenish the ones which were sold. Mary is experiencing a. role overload. b. information overload. c. role conflict. d. role ambiguity.

c. role ambiguity.

Maria is part of an organizational behavior project group. Her group members chose her as the leader of the group because she is always on task, on time for meetings, sets achievable goals and is willing to assist anyone who needs help. Maria is agreeable. conscientious. extraverted. open.

conscientious.

Which of the following is a negative outcome of conflict in the organization? a. Occcasional personal attacks b. Climate of distrust c. Employee feelings of being demeaned with resulting lower morale d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Some researchers criticize Maslow's theory of motivation because a. Research does not support the argument that satisfied needs no longer motivate behavior. b. The theory was based on clinical observations, not field observations. c. Research in non-Western cultures has suggested different hierarchies may apply there. d. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

The difference between Job Enlargement and Job Enrichment is a. Job Enlargement refers to expanding the variety of tasks performed by employees while Job Enrichment allows workers decide how they perform their tasks. b. Job Enlargement adds more scope while Job Enrichment adds more control. c. The VISAF Job Characteristics Model would predict that Job Enlargement (Variety) would be less motivating than Job Enrichment (Autonomy). d. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

Which of these is NOT a way that managers and coworkers can positively affect employees' attitudes and commitment? a. Mentorship b. Assist with various tasks c. Friendship and emotional support d. Comments about job performance that are critical and demeaning

d. Comments about job performance that are critical and demeaning

Tomas was excited because Sandi's Bakery was offering was offering their tasty eclairs for 50% off, so he bought a dozen. Last week, the eclairs were BOGO (buy one-get one free) and he didn't buy any due to having to pay full price. Tomas may have experienced ______ . a. overconfidence bias. b. correlation and causality bias. c. availability bias. d. framing bias.

d. Framing bias

Research in organizations within the United States indicates that all of the following characteristics are common in healthy organizations EXCEPT: a. Reducing status differences b. Participative decision-making c. Information sharing d. Giving only positive feedback

d. Giving only positive feedback

Sara's laptop started causing her problems. It was taking a long time to boot up, and froze unexpectedly a number of times as she worked late with her group to finalize their project. Now the laptop has shut down completely and she cannot get it started up again. One of the group members on her project said to Sara, "You should have gone for help when it started acting up, now you've affected all of us." This scenario is an example of what type of decision-making trap? a. Anchoring bias b. Overconfidence bias c. Framing bias d. Hindsight bias

d. Hindsight bias

Which of the following statements regarding decision-making styles in other cultures is correct? a. Chinese managers value quicker decision making more than their American counterparts. b. Though they use consensus group decision making, the Japanese make much faster decisions than Dutch decision makers. c. Dutch managers tend to complete consensus decision making much more quickly than their Japanese counterparts. d. Japanese managers' use of consensus decision making facilitates implementing those decisions much faster than other cultures.

d. Japanese managers' use of consensus decision making facilitates implementing those decisions much faster than other cultures.

Which of the following need-based theories has received the greatest amount of research support? a. Herzberg's two-factor theory b. Maslow's hierarchy of needs c. Alderfer's ERG theory d. McClelland's acquired needs theory

d. McClelland's acquired needs theory

According to Gersick's Punctuated Equilibrium model, groups repeatedly cycle through which two stages? a. storming and norming. b. forming and performing. c. forming and norming. d. storming and performing.

d. storming and performing.

Giving students a free mug, t-shirt, or blanket just for getting their names on a mailing list at an organization is an example of the ____________ influence tactic. Research suggests individuals try to repay what has been given them. personal appeal exchange pressure ingratiation

exchange

3M Corporation provides its employees time each week to generate ideas for new products. This practice is responsible for the development of such products as Post-it notes. 3M has a _____________ culture. innovative aggressive people-centered detail-oriented

innovative

The leadership decision tree, also known as Vroom & Yetton's Normative Decision Model, considers factors such as decision significance and follower expertise to determine if a satisfactory decision is possible. is a tool which leads to the recommended level of involvement leaders should take in making decisions. focuses on age difference between leader and followers to determine if a person should direct or follow the group. specifies a static leadership style based on the skill level of the leader.

is a tool which leads to the recommended level of involvement leaders should take in making decisions.

Coercive power

is the ability to take something away or punish someone for noncompliance.

Intrapersonal Conflict

occurs within the individual because of actual or perceived pressures from incompatible goals or expectations

The process through which new employees learn the attitudes, knowledge, skills, and behaviors required to function effectively within an organization is mentoring. attraction-selection-attrition. organizational socialization. assessment.

organizational socialization.

According to a 1992 study, the most frequently used influence tactic by managers is pressure. legitimating. rational persuasion. personal appeals.

rational persuasion.

To create a culture change at an organization, a common practice of boards of directors is to remove the CEO and/or other top managers. fire all the current employees. publish the salaries of the previous managers. publish the emails of previous managers.

remove the CEO and/or other top managers.

Nina makes it a point to talk to her subordinates every day about what is going on in their personal lives. She always congratulates them when they share successes and has a kind word and "a shoulder to cry on" if necessary when things are not going well. Nina has a _____________ leadership style. supportive participative directive achievement-oriented

supportive

An example of a question requiring a strategic decision is a. What should I say to customers about our new product? b. Should we downsize our organization? c. How should we market the new product line? d. How often should I communicate with my new coworkers?

b. Should we downsize our organization?

Research suggests high levels of emotional intelligence lead to which of the following? a. Higher life satisfaction. b. Higher stress levels. c. Cognitive dissonance d. Greater propensity to perceive situations as threats.

a. Higher life satisfaction.

All of the following are rules for active listening EXCEPT: a. find areas of agreement with the speaker. b. listen for feelings. c. note all cues. d. listen for message content.

a. find areas of agreement with the speaker.

Diversity:

Compositional differences among people in a work unit.

Strategic Decision Examples

Should we merge with another company? Should we pursue a new product line? Should we downsize our organization?

Intergroup Conflict

conflict that occurs between two or more groups

Interpersonal Conflict

conflict that occurs between two or more individuals

What is the first step in increasing the chances of success in effecting a cultural change? Role modeling Creating a sense of urgency Changing key players Changing the reward system

Creating a sense of urgency

Tactical Decision Examples

What should we do to help facilitate employees from the two companies working together? How should we market the new product line? Who should be let go when we downsize?

Organizational Behavior:

The systematic study and application of knowledge about how individuals and groups act within the organizations where they work.

Culture:

The values, beliefs, and customs that exist in a society.

The Big Five: Agreeableness

The degree to which a person is nice, tolerant, sensitive, trusting, kind, and warm.

Which of the following is a key characteristic of effective authentic leaders? They have no set priorities. They have high levels of personal integrity. They prioritize employee needs. They do not permit others to emulate them.

They have high levels of personal integrity.

Kaizen:

Toyota is a master of kaizen, or continuous improvement. They also follow the philosophy of kakushin, or revolutionary change, as needed. Regardless of the nature of the particular change, there is an overall vision for the company that justifies and explains why change is necessary "to build the dream car of the future."

Most of the recent research on leadership has been conducted on which of the following theories of leadership? Fiedler's contingency theory House's path-goal theory Authentic leadership theory Transformational leadership theory

Transformational leadership theory

Communication (Webster's):

A process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior

Which of the following statements regarding visible elements of culture is accurate? Repetitive activities in an organization, like weekly meetings opened with calisthenics, are examples of values. Stories highlight critical events faced or heroic efforts put forth by individual employees to instill cultural values in employees. Employee handbooks are more effective than culture in controlling acceptable and unacceptable behavior in an organization. While physical layouts impact motivational levels in employees, they do little to convey the firm's culture to those employees.

Stories highlight critical events faced or heroic efforts put forth by individual employees to instill cultural values in employees.

Of these, which is the strongest way to control employee behavior in an organization? Fair but firm disciplinary system Accessible online orientations Thick employee handbooks Strong corporate culture

Strong corporate culture

Which of the following statements regarding goal setting and ethics is true? a. Research shows that teachers who are rewarded for their students' success may give their students answers during tests to improve the test scores. b. The tendency to behave unethically occurs when employees know they are going to achieve their goals. c. Employees have two choices when goal accomplishment is rewarded: work hard to reach the goals or quit. d. When a high percentage of a CEO's pay package consists of stock options, companies are less likely to misrepresent the financial situation of the company.

a. Research shows that teachers who are rewarded for their students' success may give their students answers during tests to improve the test scores.

The Job Demands-Resources model, states that even with control over the situation, people are still subject to stress if a. they have too many resources. b. they don't have the resources to meet the demands of the job. c. they aren't paid enough. d. supervisors have more control.

b. they don't have the resources to meet the demands of the job.

16. Which of the following is considered a key role for expanding the reach of a social network?

boundary spanners

The "Waterfall" approach to software development involves several steps between the requirements elicitation and functional deployment, each of which may take several months. The "Agile" approach is designed to have small iterative deployments starting very soon after the initial requirements are defined, but the efforts may continue for years without ever completing all of the requirements. Which of these is more likely to be seen as a successful implementation of change according to Kotter's Eight-step Process for Leading Change? a. Agile, because everyone understands that there is no real hurry to complete the project anyway. b. Waterfall, because the deployment only needs to be done once and the change is complete. c. Waterfall, because the monthly review meetings eliminate the need for a guiding coalition. d. Agile, because the end users are likely to interpret the frequent releases as small / short-term wins.

d. Agile, because the end users are likely to interpret the frequent releases as small / short-term wins.

Studies indicate that the most influential factor in creating an ethical organizational culture is the reward system. the training program. leadership. the attraction-selection-attrition process.

leadership.

The ability to influence the behavior of others to get what you want is charisma. pressure. conformity. power.

power.

If a company has a weak onboarding program, employees are more likely to be successful if they focus on the job, not relationships. seek feedback. do only what they are told to do, but do it well. All of the above.

seek feedback.

Downward influence is best achieved through sharing an inspiring vision. forming support networks. citing the firm's goals. forming alliances.

sharing an inspiring vision.

The IRS (Internal Revenue Service) has many rules and regulations with regard to tax code and the filing of returns. The organization is large and very bureaucratic. If an individual has issues with the agency, getting it resolved is a laborious process filled with "red tape" and takes an extensive amount of time and patience to resolve. The IRS has a _________ culture. outcome-oriented vindictive stable people-oriented

stable

Which of the following was NOT a consideration that Mary Barra took into account when she changed the dress code to "Dress appropriately" prior to becoming CEO at General Motors? It would save a lot of expenses on paper. It could be misinterpreted by employees. High-ranking managers would not be comfortable with it. Managers would have to use their judgment in enforcing the standard.

It would save a lot of expenses on paper.

Stress:

The body's reaction to a change that requires a physical, mental, or emotional adjustment or response.

Procedural Justice:

The degree to which fair decision-making procedures are used to arrive at a decision.

Psychological Capital:

The degree to which the individual has high efficacy, optimism, hope, and resilience.

If onboarding activities are successful, there is a high level of "newcomer adjustment", meaning employees are clear on what is expected of them. employees are more confident about their ability to perform in the organization. employees feel accepted by their peers. All of the above.

All of the above.

Integrative Negotiation

Both parties look for ways to integrate their goals under a larger umbrella. That is, they look for ways to expand the pie, so that each party gets more. This is also called a win-win approach. The first step of the integrative approach is to enter the negotiation from a cooperative rather than an adversarial stance. The second step is all about listening. Listening develops trust as each party learns what the other wants and everyone involved arrives at a mutual understanding. Then all parties can explore ways to achieve the individual goals.

Job Specialization:

Breaking down tasks into their simplest components and assigning them to employees so that each person would perform few tasks in a repetitive manner.

Andy believes that seeing a black cat cross one's path is a sign of bad luck. As he is skateboarding over a rough road, he sees a black cat then almost immediately falls off his board. He blames the fall entirely on the presence of the cat. This is an example of ______. Confirmation bias. Sampling bias. Fundamental Attribution Error. Any of the above.

Confirmation bias.

Tactical Decisions

Decisions about how things will get done. For example, issuing a coupon to increase sales would fall into this category.

Operational Decisions

Decisions employees make each day to make the organization function.

Which of the following was NOT a contributing factor for moving beyond the "Great Man" theory of leadership to behavior-based theories? Social science found relationships between task- and people-oriented behaviors and outcomes such as productivity and satisfaction. Genetic research found problems with aristocratic in-breeding. World War II demonstrated a need to look beyond social status as a prerequisite for leadership. Secondary and higher education was becoming widely available regardless of social status. Question 6

Genetic research found problems with aristocratic in-breeding.

UTSA Trip - no one wanted to go All of them said yes to appease each other. Ex of _________

Groupthink

Operational Decision Examples

How often should I communicate with my new coworkers? What should I say to customers about our new product? How will I balance my new work demands?

Research on mentoring suggests the mere existence of the program ensures its success. mentor and protégé input to the program has little impact on satisfaction with the program. mentor characteristics are less important in their selection to the program than willingness to participate. None of these.

None of these.

Which of the following statements is true about the effectiveness of a mission statement? Mission statements must be posted on the company website to be effective. The mere act of publishing the mission statement makes it effective as it clarifies to all employees the purpose of the organization. Detailed mission statements are more effective than simple ones. None of these.

None of these.

The practice of outsourcing as a response to the globalization of business has created which of the following changes for organizations? a. A need to deal with employee stress regarding job security. b. A need to restructure employee communication channels. c. A reduction in the reliance on skilled workers. d. A need to decentralize the organizational structure.

a. A need to deal with employee stress regarding job security.

Which of the following is a middle-ground conflict handling style characterized by an individual's desire to get most of what they want but respect other's goals? a. Compromise b. Accommodation c. Avoidance d. Competition

a. Compromise

A recent National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE) survey indicated all of the following are important skills for evaluating job candidates EXCEPT: a. Ability to communicate well. b. Ability to analyze data and solve problems c. Ability to dress the part. d. Ability to work in a team structure.

c. Ability to dress the part.

The factor with the strongest relationship with employee turnover is age. work attitudes. gender. general mental abilities.

work attitudes.

Individuals who expect yearly wage increases without exhibiting increased performance may be labeled a. benevolents. b. entitleds. c. equitably insensitive. d. expectancy sensitive.

b. entitleds.

Co-workers who gather to volunteer at a seniors' center on Thursday nights would be considered a. a formal work group. b. a storming work group. c. an informal work group. d. a norming work group.

c. an informal work group.

The relatively stable feelings, thoughts, and behavioral patterns a person has is their a. self-esteem. b. conscience. c. values. d. personality.

d. personality.

Which of the following management approaches related to job satisfaction is most likely to generalize across cultures? implementing flexible work arrangements making decisions autonomously respect for employees as individuals empowering employees with important tasks

respect for employees as individuals

"The other candidate wants' positive change'. Well, he is an idiot and a liar and really ugly, too! I think a 'positive change' would be to send him to jail!" This is an example of

An ad hominem argument, typically used when someone is unable or unwilling to rationally discuss the actual issue.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the dimensions of organizational culture? Proactive behavior tends to emerge often in stable companies. In team-oriented cultures, managers have less positive relationships with their subordinates than in other cultures. Outcome-oriented cultures hold managers accountable for success, but not other employees. Employees tend to stay longer in people-oriented cultures.

Employees tend to stay longer in people-oriented cultures.

Which of the following statements is true regarding organizational politics?

Organizational politics are informal, unofficial, and even behind-the-scene efforts to influence, increase power or achieve objectives.

Alcoa Corporation's headquarters facility has a minimal number of traditional offices with four walls and a door. The elevators on each floor are located at the ends of the long corridors in out-of-the-way alcoves. An open-air escalator runs in the center of the building. Workers largely are seated in low-walled cubicles. Copy machines and other office equipment are centrally located on each floor. This physical layout encourages what kind of culture? Team-based Detail-oriented Aggressive Outcome-oriented

Team-based

Which of these are ways to cultivate psychological safety for a team? a. Clarify roles and emphasize how they are interdependent; this is important for building the trust needed for prudent risk-taking. b. Allow Encourage longer meetings to allow time for introverts to speak up. c. Include a human resources representative in each meeting to prevent conflicts from blowing up. d. Only allow managers to interrupt others so that good ideas can be fully shared, while snipping bad ideas in the bud.

a. Clarify roles and emphasize how they are interdependent; this is important for building the trust needed for prudent risk-taking.

The first step of an organizational behavior modification OB Mod program is a. Define and identify the behavior to be modified. b. Control the modifications by evaluating and maintaining the change. c. Measure the baseline level of behavior. d. Analyze behavior antecedents and outcomes.

a. Define and identify the behavior to be modified.

A class is learning about Excel from a lecture which refers to a printed guide with diagrams and screenshots. Julio seems to be lost and staring into space the whole time, but he turns in a perfect assignment the next day. He said he learns best by trial and error. Which is the most likely explanation? a. Julio is a kinesthetic learner who needs to actively engage with an application to remember how things are done. b. Julio is a visual learner who retains information by reading and seeing diagrams and flow charts. c. Julio is an auditory learner and mentally recorded the lecture to process it while he slept. d. Julio is secretly using Excel for Dummies to get by in the class.

a. Julio is a kinesthetic learner who needs to actively engage with an application to remember how things are done.

When people think others would do the same as them in a situation, they may overestimate their similarities with other people, thus making a a. false consensus error. b. self-effacement bias. c. self-enhancement bias. d. stereotyping judgement.

a. false consensus error.

Jason received the sales report and noted how badly the southern sector performed. As he prepared the presentation for the weekly executive meeting, Jason decided to focus his remarks on the northern and western sectors, which had record sales levels, and refrain from mentioning the southern numbers. This scenario focuses on the communication barrier of a. filtering. b. selective perception. c. emotional disconnects. d. semantics.

a. filtering.

Jennifer has to decide which of two job offers she is going to choose. She begins her process by listing the key criteria she is looking for in a job including company reputation, salary level, location, promotional opportunities, and so on. She then takes each job offer letter and carefully goes through each line assessing the offer in relationship to the criteria she has established. Jennifer is using which of decision-making model to choose her job? a. the rational decision-making model b. the creative decision-making model c. the intuitive decision-making model d. the programmed decision-making model

a. the rational decision-making model

Which of the following is a piece of good advice regarding business e-mails? a. Do not sign off your e-mails with a closing like "Thank you"; it just wastes space. Simply send your contact information. b. Do not place anything in an e-mail you would not want the world to see. c. Use capital letters in order to convey importance. d. Build your case and then make your request at the end of an email.

b. Do not place anything in an e-mail you would not want the world to see.

Which of the following statements regarding SMART goals is correct? a. When goals are specific, stress is higher. b. Effective goals tend to be aggressive. c. Adding a time limit to a goal leads to short-term decision making and ignoring the long-term consequences. d. Easy goals are the most effective goals.

b. Effective goals tend to be aggressive.

Which of the following cultures is most likely to be categorized as individualistic? a. Brazil b. Iraq c. Australia d. China

c. Australia

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of effective management of diversity? a. Greater creativity in decision making. b. Better service to customers. c. Higher productivity of operations. d. More satisfied workers.

c. Higher productivity of operations.

McClelland utilized a method of showing the subject an ambiguous image and having them write a story about it. The concept that suggests that such an approach might reveal underlying needs of the subject is a. Equity Theory: we desire fairness, so we will tell a story that is fair with respect to the characters in the image. b. Fundamental Attribution Bias: we blame ourselves for the bad things that happen in life. c. Self-reference Criterion: we interpret our environment based on our previous experiences. d. None of these

c. Self-reference Criterion: we interpret our environment based on our previous experiences.

Work on team processes from what area influences Organizational Behavior? a. Economics b. Sports and Entertainment c. Sociology d. Physics

c. Sociology

Which of the following is NOT related to greater recall of information? a. Repetition b. Grouping information into smaller units c. Studying intensively immediately prior to an exam d. Viewing material as meaningful

c. Studying intensively immediately prior to an exam

In research studies, a measurable entity that represents a concept is a. a field study. b. a survey. c. a variable. d. a hypothesis.

c. a variable.

Eduardo always challenges team members' positions on various issues discussed in the weekly meeting. Nannette told Eduardo yesterday, "I always have to be prepared when I present ideas to our team because I know you will question everything and make us see the other side of every issue." Eduardo performs the task role of ____________________ on the team in order to guard against ______. a. creator, delays b. contributor, social loafing c. critic, groupthink d. complainer, storming

c. critic, groupthink

Olaf works on an assembly line in an Oslo factory. Last month the assembly line processes were overhauled. Olaf is still responsible for soldering electrical contacts on an appliance component, but now he is also expected to review each component for quality defects before he solders. If he notes any defects, he can place the component in the scrap bin. If he scraps five such pieces in succession, he is permitted to press an emergency button above his station, which stops the assembly line completely. This job re-design is a reflection of the _____ ______________ philosophy. a. job rotation b. job enlargement c. job enrichment d. job specialization

c. job enrichment

Intergroup conflict a. occurs between team members. b. occurs between two individuals. c. occurs between two departments. d. occurs within the individual.

c. occurs between two departments.

Removing your hat during the playing of The National Anthem in the United States is an example of the value of ________________. a. obedience. b. security. c. tradition. d. loyalty.

c. tradition.

Voters are decision makers who can be influenced by which of the following biases? a. Confirmation bias b. Anchoring bias c. Framing bias d. All of the above

d. All of the above

What is an effective individual approach to managing stress? a. Eating energizing foods such as fish, nuts, and seeds b. Getting a regular amount of sleep each night c. Engaging in regular moderate exercise d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following is an external force that is creating change for organizations? a. Technology b. Workforce demographics c. Market conditions d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Joshua Greene's study of how our minds and bodies react to difficult situations (such as the out-of-control trolley) found that a. magnetic imaging suggests emotional scenarios require less use of our brains compared to unemotional scenarios. b. humans use rationale and emotion to make ethical decisions similar to how a computer would. c. human decisions are mostly rational, not impacted by emotion. d. People's ethical judgements are affected by how emotionally engaged they are with the situation.

d. People's ethical judgements are affected by how emotionally engaged they are with the situation.

Which of the following is true regarding Performance Management and Performance Appraisals? a. They are synonyms and can be used interchangeably. b. Performance Management is a specific use of the larger Performance Appraisal system. c. Performance Appraisals used for research purposes are typically more lenient than those used for administrative (pay and promotion) purposes. d. Performance Appraisals used for administrative (pay and promotion) purposes are typically more lenient than those used for feedback and development purposes.

d. Performance Appraisals used for administrative (pay and promotion) purposes are typically more lenient than those used for feedback and development purposes.

Which of the following is considered a building block of emotional intelligence? a. Business management b. Self-insight c. Cognitive intelligence d. Self-awareness

d. Self-awareness

What statement reflects current thinking about the use of technology to replace human decision making? a. Due to strict government standards for testing and validation, algorithms are able to eliminate bias in decision making. b. Algorithms allow an organization to make decisions much faster and error-free. c. Algorithms work best for difficult nonprogrammed decisions. d. The algorithms can make biases systemic, resulting in widespread unfairness.

d. The algorithms can make biases systemic, resulting in widespread unfairness.

Which of the following laws prohibits discrimination based on race, color, sex or national origin? a. Age Discrimination Act b. Americans with Disabilities Act c. Family and Medical Leave Act d. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act

d. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act

When dealing with unethical behavior overseas, businesses must a. follow the more stringent standards of the home country and host country. b. follow international business law. c. ignore ethical considerations, since they are not relevant to business that crosses borders. d. consider ethical context: the specifics of the situation with a consideration of the local culture.

d. consider ethical context: the specifics of the situation with a consideration of the local culture.

Needs-based theories propose that a manager's job is to determine what employees' needs are and then to a. eliminate those needs b. redefine those needs c. redirect those needs d. create the work environment that meets those needs.

d. create the work environment that meets those needs.

What personality traits indicate a tendency to be more creative? a. agreeableness and openness to experience b. conscientiousness and extraversion c. neuroticism and extraversion d. openness to experience and less conscientious

d. openness to experience and less conscientious

Research on the interactionist perspective suggests a. there is a consistent positive relationship between person-organization fit and job performance. b. if there is a misfit between an individual and the organization, there are no extenuating circumstances that eliminate its impact. c. organizational culture is equally important to all individuals. d. people who have good person-organization tend to be more satisfied with their jobs.

d. people who have good person-organization tend to be more satisfied with their jobs.

Most senior managers believe that using emoticons in business emails is unprofessional. However, their use is increasing, particularly in exchanges between younger employees, because they serve a purpose to a. prevent information overload. b. add a professional touch. c. replace unnecessary words. d. provide clues to emotional content.

d. provide clues to emotional content.

Power that comes from one's organizational role or position is expert power. referent power. legitimate power. information power.

legitimate power.

The IRS (Internal Revenue Service) has many rules and regulations with regard to tax code and the filing of returns. The organization is large and very bureaucratic. If an individual has issues with the agency, getting it resolved is a laborious process filled with "red tape" and takes an extensive amount of time and patience to resolve. The IRS has a _________ culture. vindictive people-oriented outcome-oriented stable

stable

Level of Analysis:

In organizational behavior, this includes examining the individual, the group, and the organization.

Motivation:

The desire to achieve a goal or a certain performance level, leading to goal-directed behavior.

Which of the following represents a unique challenge with regard to the management of virtual teams? Building trust within the virtual team is difficult. Not being physically seen by managers can lead to unrecognized contributions. Emphasis on verbal-only communication can limit full engagement. All of the above

a. Building trust within the virtual team is difficult. CHECK

Which of these statements is true regarding workplace demographics and their impact on change? a. More older workers in the workforce will create a need for new types of benefits. b. An older workforce will stop change; it's too difficult to "teach an old dog new tricks". c. An older workforce that chooses retirement may cause an increase in valuable knowledge for firms. d. Demographic shifts in the workforce will likely cause flexible work hours and job sharing to diminish as older people like the structure of set hours of work.

a. More older workers in the workforce will create a need for new types of benefits.

First impressions a. are resilient even in the face of contrary evidence. b. become dependent on the evidence that created them. c. are likely to change over time. d. are fleeting impressions.

a. are resilient even in the face of contrary evidence.

When unfreezing for planned change it is important to a. create a compelling vision for change. b. take things slowly; do not suggest a crisis is imminent. c. communicate regarding change only on a need-to-know basis. d. provide rewards.

a. create a compelling vision for change.

In countries with high power distance a. decisions are sometimes based on loyalty, not performance. b. it is unclear who is in power. c. people expect small differences in pay. d. people perceive inequity to be inherently wrong.

a. decisions are sometimes based on loyalty, not performance.

Person-job fit is the a. degree to which a person's skill, knowledge, abilities and other characteristics match the job demands. b. degree to which a person likes an organization. c. degree to which a person's values, personality, goals and other characteristics match those of the organization. d. degree to which a person's attitude matches the culture of the work group.

a. degree to which a person's skill, knowledge, abilities and other characteristics match the job demands.

The ________ consists of temporary and flexible jobs for which organizations hire independent contractors instead of full time workers. a. post-Covid economy b. 24-7-365 economy c. gig economy d. knowledge economy

b. 24-7-365 economy

Which of the following is a way to enhance organizational creativity? a. Identify a stable team of like-minded thinkers to do the creative tasks more efficiently. b. Build a physical space conducive to communication and collaboration. c. Quickly shoot down bad ideas, so that effort is not wasted. d. All of the above.

b. Build a physical space conducive to communication and collaboration.

Which of the following is NOT a culture that is characterized by Hofstede as feminine in its orientation? a. Sweden b. Japan c. Norway d. Costa Rica

b. Japan

Which of the following is a good piece of advice to give to individuals who have multiple bosses in a matrix structured organization? a. Avoid situations where you have multiple managers as they produce more conflict than benefits. b. Make sure all managers are familiar with your overall workload. c. Set a schedule so that you work with one manager on certain days and the other manager on the other days. d. Keep conflicts you are experiencing to yourself.

b. Make sure all managers are familiar with your overall workload.

Steve Kerr's proposed phenomenon, "The Folly of rewarding A while hoping for B" is demonstrated by a. Acknowledging an employee who stayed after hours for one week to complete a report for an ill coworker in spite of the employee never having done that before. b. Rewarding a manager who meets deadlines by releasing shipments of manufactured parts without the normal QA inspections in spite of the company's highly advertised quality commitment. c. Coaching the top salesperson for being 15 minutes late every day, in spite of fearing she will quit. d. All of these.

b. Rewarding a manager who meets deadlines by releasing shipments of manufactured parts without the normal QA inspections in spite of the company's highly advertised quality commitment.

Which of the following role stressors has been shown to have the strongest effects on poor performance? a. Contradictory demands at work b. Vagueness with respect to job responsibilities c. All role stressors have equally detrimental effects on performance. d. Insufficient time and resources to complete a job

b. Vagueness with respect to job responsibilities

You are starting work as an assistant product manager at an organization where all the nonessential functions are outsourced. You work with 3rd party companies for product testing, manufacturing, marketing, and advertising. Your order fulfillment is handled by Amazon. You even take your HR and payroll questions to a PEO (Professional Employer Organization). The only functions actually done by employees are product design and pricing, component sourcing, and accounting. You should _______. a. get promoted quickly because of all the opportunities in this strategic alliance. b. focus on learning as much as you can about profitable product development because that seems to be the core competency of this modular organization. c. resign immediately because no business can survive for long by outsourcing so much of their work. d. learn to manage stress better because you'll face a lot of it in this matrix organization.

b. focus on learning as much as you can about profitable product development because that seems to be the core competency of this modular organization.

In a unionized organization, the labor contract is very explicit as to employee work rules, the tasks each individual employee will perform, the pay each individual will receive, how each individual can move from one position to another and so on. This is an example of a ____________ structure in the organization. a. departmentalized b. formalized c. centralized d. hierarchical

b. formalized

An organizational behavior class has students working in teams. The teams have a final paper due. Maria's group has divided the paper up into sections making each group member responsible for one section. Maria is responsible for integrating all those sections. The group is organizing these tasks by using a. sequential interdependence. b. pooled interdependence. c. reciprocal interdependence. d. outcome interdependence.

b. pooled interdependence.

Unemployment and Earnings for Workers 25 and older by Educational Attainment (The graph shows unemployment rate decreasing and median weekly earining increasing as degrees become more advanced - some high school all the way to Dr. degree). The information on the preceding table indicates a. There is a positive return to investment in education. b. Attaining a Master's degree will get you a raise of almost $1,000 per month. c. A higher the educational level is related with higher pay. d. Government should fund education to reduce unemployment rates.

c. A higher the educational level is related with higher pay.

What was the final stage added to Tuckman's enhanced group development model? a. Forming, because getting to know one another was often overlooked. b. Norming, because teams were found to be stagnant at times. c. Adjourning, because it is important to not only record lessons learned for future teams, but to acknowledge one another and celebrate success. d. Storming, because teams did not like to acknowledge that there would be problems sometimes.

c. Adjourning, because it is important to not only record lessons learned for future teams, but to acknowledge one another and celeb

All of the following are best practices for analytics dashboards EXCEPT: a. Clearly show how KPI compare to goals and/or trends. b. Use Gestalt "Pattern" Principles of perception, such as proximity, enclosure, and similarity, to group similar themes. c. Adjust the size of components as needed to display all of an organization's KPI on a single screen. d. Use Pre-Attentive Attributes of perception, such as size, shape, and hue, to quickly draw the user's attention to key information.

c. Adjust the size of components as needed to display all of an organization's KPI on a single screen.

What strategy supports working effectively with an individual with a high level of negative affectivity? a. Provide constant feedback to encourage change. b. Challenge them to prove their point. c. Ask them for specific examples of what the problem is. d. Let them complain without limits.

c. Ask them for specific examples of what the problem is.

Bruce's EAP counselor suggests that he start "journaling" at the end of every day. Why would the counsellor suggest this? a. Bruce has a lot of idle time, so the journaling activity will consume some of it. b. Keeping a record of his daily activities will help historians retell his life story after he dies. c. Recording his thoughts, feelings, and emotions daily allows him to more clearly see trends in how he responds to stressors, resulting in lower stress levels over time and lower blood pressure. d. It provides something to look forward in anticipation - the day he can put it in a trashcan and light it on fire.

c. Recording his thoughts, feelings, and emotions daily allows him to more clearly see trends in how he responds to stressors, resulting in lower stress levels over time and lower blood pressure.

Which of the following is an illegal interview question? a. What was your grade point average at XYZ University? b. Tell me about a time when you experienced conflict in a past job. c. What are your childcare arrangements? d. What was your salary at your last place of employment?

c. What are your childcare arrangements?

Which of the following statements about listening is correct? a. Listening takes practice and concentration. b. Effective listening has a behavioral and emotional component. c. Active listening creates a real-time relationship between the sender and receiver. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

While not discussed in the text, podcasts are becoming a more popular means of external communications for some companies. Which of the following statements could explain their growth in use? a. Podcasts can be effective in meeting the goal to deliver a specific business message to individuals outside the organization in a way that they will understand and share with others. b. The methods used for external communications frequently evolve as receivers find ways to filter out various channels, such as an advertorial combining the look of an article with the focused message of an ad, or a blog being less formal (therefore, more believable) than a product brochure. c. Podcasts can be delivered when a receiver's visual attention is focused elsewhere. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

16. Why should you reach out to more senior individuals for Informational Interviews? a. To make a personal connection with a potential mentor b. Gather insight into jobs and careers in general c. To develop your comfort level for actual job interviews d. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

Rodney is a new project team leader. Jerome is chatting with him about some of the problems that could arise and prevent his team from being successful. Jerome would most likely offer which of the following pieces of advice to overcome barriers to team success? a. Frequently review the team's mission and plan to ensure clarity, because floundering often results from a lack of clear goals. b. Encourage all team members to be prepared to give and support their ideas, then allocate 'air time' equitably during the meeting to avoid dominating personalities from suppressing shy or reluctant members. c. If a team member is performing poorly, be sure to investigate the reason; training can help a person with low skills or self-confidence but is not likely to improve the performance of someone with low motivation or commitment. d. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

A professor assigns grades on essays due to _________ power. a. expert b. reward/coercive c. legitimate d. All of these

d. All of these

Which of the following statements about case studies is true? a. They involve a study conducted under controlled conditions. b. They offer the researcher a very simple and effective way to generalize what worked in a single situation to many other situations. c. They are a technique employed by researchers to summarize what other researchers found on a topic. d. They are a way to gather data and examine a single event or situation in detail.

d. They are a way to gather data and examine a single event or situation in detail.

Empathy is to agreeableness as sociability is to ______________. a. neuroticism. b. conscientiousness. c. openness. d. extraversion.

d. extraversion.

In Alderfer's Existence-Relatedness- Growth (ERG) Theory, existence needs correspond to Maslow's a. social and esteem needs. b. esteem needs. c. self-actualization and safety needs. d. safety and physiological needs.

d. safety and physiological needs.

Antonio, Alpha Company's marketing manager, will be listening to the advertising pitches from the final four firms today as he chooses the television ad campaign for his product for the fall season. Antonio is making a(n) a. operational decision. b. strategic decision. c. programmed decision. d. tactical decision.

d. tactical decision.

It is finals week at State University and Agnes has five finals in three days. What phase of the stress process is she probably experiencing if she just went through all of the kitchen cupboards searching for a package of chocolate bars loaded with caramel which she just remembered she hid at the start of the semester? She is probably experiencing the a. resistance phase, where her subconscious is keeping her from finding the chocolate. b. exhaustion phase, where the body is depleted of fats and sugars. c. adaptation phase, because she needs to consume more calories to match the stress-induced burn rate. d. alarm phase, because she might not find the chocolate.

exhaustion phase, where the body is depleted of fats and sugars.

The key factor in the effectiveness of transformational leadership leadership with respect to followers is having mutual pursuit of a higher moral purpose. creativeness in developing goals. consistency in rewarding loyal followers. extraversion and charisma to control followers.

mutual pursuit of a higher moral purpose.

Psychological Safety:

the perception that the consequences of taking interpersonal risks in workplace contexts are worth the risk. reflects the extent to which people feel free to express their ideas and beliefs without fear of negative consequences

If onboarding activities are successful, there is a high level of "newcomer adjustment", meaning employees are clear on what is expected of them. employees are more confident about their ability to perform in the organization. employees feel accepted by their peers. All of the above.

All of the above.

Which of the following statements regarding visible elements of culture is accurate? Employee handbooks are more effective than culture in controlling acceptable and unacceptable behavior in an organization. Repetitive activities in an organization, like weekly meetings opened with calisthenics, are examples of values. While physical layouts impact motivational levels in employees, they do little to convey the firm's culture to those employees. Stories highlight critical events faced or heroic efforts put forth by individual employees to instill cultural values in employees.

Stories highlight critical events faced or heroic efforts put forth by individual employees to instill cultural values in employees.

Which of the following federal laws prohibits discrimination in employment against lesbian, bisexual, gay and transgender (LBGT) individuals? a. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act b. Family and Medical Leave Act c. Americans with Disabilities Act d. There is currently no federal law protecting LBGT individuals.d. There is currently no federal law protecting LBGT individuals.

As of Supreme Court Ruling on 6/15/20: a. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act Prior: d. There is currently no federal law protecting LBGT individuals.

__________ is the degree to which a person is anxious, irritable, jumpy, and moody. a. Neuroticism b. Extraversion c. Conscientiousness d. Openness

a. Neuroticism

Which of the following statements about communication is NOT correct? a. Communication ability is particularly important in lower levels of organizations. b. Miscommunication may seem to be just an annoyance, but it can lead to serious consequences such as accidents with fatalities . c. Communication is the process by which information is exchanged between individuals, through a common system of symbols, signs or behavior. d. Most of a manager's time is, or should be, spent communicating.

a. Communication ability is particularly important in lower levels of organizations.

Across a variety of occupations and jobs, what is the one personality trait that most uniformly predicts how high a person's performance will be? a. Conscientiousness b. Extraversion c. Agreeableness d. Openness

a. Conscientiousness

Which of the following is an aspect of "crucial conversations"? a. Crucial conversations are ones where opinions vary and emotions run strong. b. High-stakes conversations require less planning because they should be true to your emotions. c. Communications experts suggest using "but" not "and" in crucial conversations. d. Crucial conversations require rigid communication styles so they don't get off track

a. Crucial conversations are ones where opinions vary and emotions run strong.

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of effective management of diversity? a. Greater creativity in decision making. b. Better service to customers. c. Higher productivity of rationsope. d. More satisfied workers.

a. Greater creativity in decision making.

What is a viable piece of advice to offer someone who wants to support an inclusive workplace? a. Try to play the devil's advocate in conversations about discrimination so that people can consider both sides of the issue. b. If you witness employees telling sexist or ethnic jokes, tell them that it is inappropriate, even if someone who could be the "butt" of the joke is present and doesn't seem to mind. c. Support preferential treatment programs as a means of righting past wrongs. d. All of the above.

a. If you witness employees telling sexist or ethnic jokes, tell them that it is inappropriate, even if someone who could be the "butt" of the joke is present and doesn't seem to mind.

Equity theory suggests that employees want to work in a fair environment where their rewards are aligned with their efforts. On which aspect of workplace "justice" does a supervisor typically have the greatest impact? a. Interactional justice. b. Distributive justice. c. Procedural justice. d. All of these equally.

a. Interactional justice.

Scraping personal data about employees from social media and using them in organizational decision making a. Introduces data privacy concerns. b. May be necessary to protect the organization against poor publicity c. Is financially costly due to human resources to be dedicated to the task d. Is helpful in the creation of an ethical culture.

a. Introduces data privacy concerns. CHECK

Eduardo is new to the team of Great Corporation. He notices a lot of Frosted Flakes themed posters and knick-knacks around the office and sees that the Employee of the Quarter receives the "Tony" award. He is more than a little surprised when everyone shouts "You're Grrrrrreat!" when he is introduced to the team. He continues to be surprised as every meeting starts with everyone shouting together "We're Grrrrrreat!" and people greet one another in the halls with "You're Great!" and "No, You're Great!" But one thing he really likes is that everyone seems really happy and likes to have fun at work. Why would everyone act like this? a. It is probably a common ritual that someone started as a joke but that others joined in, leading to them being a more cohesive team. b. It is required by the Employee Manual which Eduardo hasn't read yet. c. The employees are either crazy or are brainwashed. d. Great Corporation has a marketing agreement with Kellogg's which requires the behavior.

a. It is probably a common ritual that someone started as a joke but that others joined in, leading to them being a more cohesive team.

Which of the following is a criterion one may use in deciding whether or not to filter a message? a. Knowledge and perception of speaker b. Month of the year c. Time available d. Status

a. Knowledge and perception of speaker

Which of the following is accurate for goal setting? a. Management commitment is key to successful implementation of MBO programs. b. In general, there are no downsides to goal setting. c. Goals should be easily achieved to be motivating. d. Goals are more effective motivators if feedback on achievement is limited so as not to divert attention from the goal to the feedback.

a. Management commitment is key to successful implementation of MBO programs.

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding research on emotional contagion and Affective Events Theory? a. One bad customer interaction with Karen is no big deal and most people laugh it off, but the second one leads to a bad day. b. Happiness is contagious, particularly with respect to good friends who you get to see often. c. Receiving an unexpected "good deal" (like someone paying for your coffee) can make your whole day go better. d. Emotions are especially salient in teams and thus teams can exhibit emotional contagion just as individuals can.

a. One bad customer interaction with Karen is no big deal and most people laugh it off, but the second one leads to a bad day.

Organizational behavior draws insights regarding power and influence from what other discipline? a. Political Science b. Economics c. Physics d. Psychology

a. Political Science

A large organization has a very strict hiring process, consisting of a specified posting period for all positions, standard resume screening algorithms to find the best matches with job descriptions, and structured interviews with panel diversity requirements and a mandatory question set. The HR Director explains that this is crucial to being fair in the hiring process. Which aspect of workplace "justice" are these rules intended to address? a. Procedural justice. b. Distributive justice. c. Interactional justice. d. All of these equally.

a. Procedural justice.

Which approach might be most successfully used to manage the similarity-attraction phenomenon in an organization? a. Provide management training programs that make managers aware of the similarity-attraction phenomenon. b. Allow new employees to decide for themselves who they work best with. c. Match new employees to mentors that are similar in terms of race, gender, or tenure. d. Develop a recruiting program based upon peer referrals.

a. Provide management training programs that make managers aware of the similarity-attraction phenomenon.

Steve Kerr's proposed phenomenon, "The Folly of rewarding A while hoping for B" is demonstrated by a. Rewarding a manager who meets deadlines by releasing shipments of manufactured parts without the normal QA inspections in spite of the company's highly advertised quality commitment. b. Acknowledging an employee who stayed after hours for one week to complete a report for an ill coworker in spite of the employee never having done that before. c. Coaching the top salesperson for being 15 minutes late every day, in spite of fearing she will quit. d. All of these.

a. Rewarding a manager who meets deadlines by releasing shipments of manufactured parts without the normal QA inspections in spite of the company's highly advertised quality commitment.

A recent SHRM (typically said, "sharm") survey found that almost 90% of respondents were at least somewhat satisfied in their jobs. What does SHRM, in this context, stand for? a. Society for Human Resource Management b. Strategic Human Reaction Measurement c. Society for Healthcare Risk Management d. Society for Hard Rock Music

a. Society for Human Resource Management

Which of the following statements regarding the explanations for the glass ceiling is INCORRECT? a. The glass ceiling may exist for women because they lack the education levels necessary to assume high-level managerial positions. b. The glass ceiling may be based on the stereotype that the male characteristic of assertiveness is necessary to manage, but women tend to be passive. c. The glass ceiling may exist for women because their accomplishments are often not valued as highly as are those of their male counterparts. d. The glass ceiling may exist for women because they are viewed as displaying submissive characteristics in contrast to their male counterparts who are viewed as possessing more confidence.

a. The glass ceiling may exist for women because they lack the education levels necessary to assume high-level managerial positions.

When choosing a decision-making approach, which of the following is an important consideration with respect to ethics? a. The rational decision-making model sometimes results in unethical decisions being made because decision makers can justify their choice as being the 'right' one despite their personal opinion. b. The bounded rationality approach will assure that only ethical options are considered. c. The intuitive approach avoids the need to consider the ethical aspects of a decision. d. Creative decision-making results will be the most ethical because people are free to speak their mind and raise any concerns during the process.

a. The rational decision-making model sometimes results in unethical decisions being made because decision makers can justify their choice as being the 'right' one despite their personal opinion.

One way for an employee to satisfy self-actualization needs is to a. pursue a master's degree through a company's tuition reimbursement program. b. go out to dinner once a month with coworkers from your department. c. get a $100 suggestion bonus from your firm for a labor cost saving tip you placed in your department's suggestion box. d. receive an employee of the week award.

a. pursue a master's degree through a company's tuition reimbursement program.

You are assigned a group term project that will require a lot of decisions over the course of the semester. You team includes your best friend, one person with whom you have another class, and 3 complete strangers. Of the following choices, which strategy will most likely result in effective communication throughout the project? a. Very early in the project, meet up somewhere casual to get to know one another, perhaps for lunch or pizza and beverages. b. Set up a GroupMe and GoogleDocs to conduct all collaboration efforts. c. Just work with your best friend since the two of you think alike and can get it done quickly. d. Send an email to the team before the next class, explaining how much you hate group projects because you always end up doing all the work, that you won't let them get away with that again, and if they don't do their part, you and your best friend will inform the professor so that they get a bad grade.

a. Very early in the project, meet up somewhere casual to get to know one another, perhaps for lunch or pizza and beverages.

Jeff tells his boss that a member of his team, Leeanne, is having trouble keeping up with her spreadsheet because women just aren't as good at math. This is a. an outdated stereotype. b. a negative unconscious bias. c. a positive implicit bias d. overt harassment.

a. an outdated stereotype.

To enhance organizational creativity, a manager might consider focusing on a. diversifying the team composition. b. increasing employee pay. c. adding technical training. d. defining attainable goals.

a. diversifying the team composition.

The COVID-19 pandemic is an example of what external force impacting organizational change? a. generational event that is unlikely to occur again in the near future b. technology adoption with mRNA vaccines c. workforce demographics dividing compliant employees and anti-maskers d. globalization of disease propagation

a. generational event that is unlikely to occur again in the near future

In the current workforce, a ______ is important to job satisfaction and engagement. a. good work-life balance b. positive social profile c. critical review from managers d. huge salary

a. good work-life balance

All of the following statements regarding personality testing in employee selection are correct EXCEPT: a. job interviewers are very adept at assessing personalities of candidates, so a personality test is not really needed in employee selection. b. there are mixed feelings as to whether candidates' faking responses on personality tests is a serious problem. c. self-reporting measures of personality may not be the best way to measure personality. d. personality is a better predictor of job satisfaction than job performance.

a. job interviewers are very adept at assessing personalities of candidates, so a personality test is not really needed in employee selection.

Cultures that are comfortable in unpredictable situations and have high tolerance for ambiguity are best described with Hofstede's dimensions as a. low uncertainty avoidance cultures. b. collectivistic cultures. c. high uncertainty avoidance cultures. d. individualistic cultures.

a. low uncertainty avoidance cultures.

Sonya had been a director of finance but has been out of work for two years, so she accepts a position as a junior-level bookkeeper. Sonya is probably _______. a. overqualified and likely to have a negative job attitude unless empowered to use her experience beyond the job requirements. b. overqualified and most likely to be very successful in the position. c. not a fit for the job because she is too old to fit in. d. not a fit for the job because her abilities don't match the job's detailed demands.

a. overqualified and likely to have a negative job attitude unless empowered to use her experience beyond the job requirements.

How close to or how far from a person to stand is dependent upon cultural norms. Research in this area would be referred to as the study of a. proxemics. b. oculesics. c. kinesiology. d. relativity.

a. proxemics.

It is against the law for a company in the U.S. to a. require employees to participate in a religious activity. b. modify an employee's work schedule to allow religious participation. c. allow dress code modifications at work for religious purposes. d. pay individuals of different religious faiths different amounts.

a. require employees to participate in a religious activity.

Stress is a. the body's response to an environmental demand. b. decreasing in the American workplace. c. always negative. d. All of the above.

a. the body's response to an environmental demand.

Job satisfaction refers to a. the feelings people have with respect to how well the job meets their needs. b. the emotional attachment people have toward the company they work for. c. an unwritten understanding about what the employee will bring to the work environment. d. the degree of emotional intelligence an employee exhibits.

a. the feelings people have with respect to how well the job meets their needs.

Characteristics of cohesive groups include working together on a meaningful task. indifference regarding membership in the group. knowing each other before formation of the group. having a random pattern of communication.

a. working together on a meaningful task.

Which of these is NOT a great method to building self-confidence? a. "Fake it until you make it." - Be positive and act like you are confident; that may actually make you feel more confident. b. "Failure will not be tolerated. Exterminate!" - Analyze your failures in detail so that you can understand why something didn't work out so that you won't ever make the same mistake again. c. "Haters gonna hate, hate, hate ..." - If a negative person gives you adverse feedback, consider the source and try not to dwell on it. d. "Try not. Do. Or do not. There is no try." - Secure someone to help guide you, a mentor to provide feedback and suggestions.

b. "Failure will not be tolerated. Exterminate!" - Analyze your failures in detail so that you can understand why something didn't work out so that you won't ever make the same mistake again.

GDPR refers to: a. "Gross Domestic Product Realized" which is used to measure the economic prosperity from the Information Technology sector b. "General Data Protection Regulation" which is used to enforce data privacy rights in the EU. c. "General Data Protection Regulation" which is an aspirational goal for Intellectual Property negotiations with China d. "Gross Domestic Product Rationalized" which is used to compare organizational performance across countries

b. "General Data Protection Regulation" which is used to enforce data privacy rights in the EU.

Indicate which of the following statements is true? a. A happy worker is always a productive worker. b. A happy worker is likely to volunteer to do more than their job description. c. A worker being happy is the most important factor in performance. d. A happy worker is nice to have, but has no impact on customer satisfaction.

b. A happy worker is likely to volunteer to do more than their job description.

Michael has two finals, accounting and organizational behavior, on the same day of finals week. Based on expectancy theory, which of the following statements suggest how he should allocate his limited study time? a. For the previous three OB exams Michael studied for hours and received below average grades. He spent fewer hours studying for accounting and earned above average grades. He therefore decides to focus his efforts equally on OB and accounting. b. Accounting is Michael's major, OB is a general business requirement in his academic program. Michael aspires to be a CPA, so he decides to focus his study time on Accounting. c. Michael is switching to another college for a communication major after this semester. His business courses will not count toward his total credits at the new college. His grades on these exams will not matter, but he decides to focus on his accounting anyway. d. Michael loved the group work format that his OB instructor used to teach the course and disliked the lecture format utilized by his accounting professor. He decides to focus his attention on OB.

b. Accounting is Michael's major, OB is a general business requirement in his academic program. Michael aspires to be a CPA, so he decides to focus his study time on Accounting.

Which statement about exit interviews is true? a. An exit interview tends to show the departing employee's bias and is not typically useful. b. An exit interview should be conducted by a second level manager or person in the Human Resources Department for improved consistency and confidentiality. c. An exit interview always indicates how management can improve so other employees will not leave. d. A departing employee's manager should conduct the exit interview because the immediate supervisor knew the employee best.

b. An exit interview should be conducted by a second level manager or person in the Human Resources Department for improved consistency and confidentiality.

Which of the following statements regarding techniques for making better decisions is accurate? a. The nominal group technique is a technique used routinely at most meetings. b. Consensus requires more time to carry out, but it works well when support is needed for a plan. c. The GDSS technique is a group process using written responses to a series of questionnaires, so individuals are not physically brought together to make a decision. d. Majority rule is the most common type of group decision making strategy.

b. Consensus requires more time to carry out, but it works well when support is needed for a plan.

What is the first step in increasing the chances of success in effecting a cultural change? a. Changing the reward system b. Creating a sense of urgency c. Changing key players d. Role modeling

b. Creating a sense of urgency

Which of these statements regarding culture and interdependence of tasks is most likely to be true? a. Individualistic cultures are more likely than collectivist cultures to accept outcome interdependence. b. Cultures high in uncertainty avoidance would be more likely than those with low uncertainty avoidance to successfully manage sequential interdependence. c. Masculine cultures would be more likely than feminine cultures to work well with reciprocal interdependence. d. Cultures high in power distance would be more successful in projects with high levels of task interdependence than those low in power distance.

b. Cultures high in uncertainty avoidance would be more likely than those with low uncertainty avoidance to successfully manage sequential interdependence.

How can managers foster inclusiveness in workplace meetings? a. Focus on eliminating statements filled with emotion. b. Direct some questions to otherwise quiet members. c. Do not actively seek opinions from any male members. d. Allow more vocal members to drive the discussion.

b. Direct some questions to otherwise quiet members.

What are the two basic elements of a performance review? a. Managers evaluate and discuss aspects of employees' performance with each other. b. Employee performance is measured and communicated to the employee. c. Managers set individual goals and communicate them to individual employees. d. Employee performance is measured and shared with peers, customers. and subordinates.

b. Employee performance is measured and communicated to the employee.

Which of the following employees is MOST likely to stay with the company, have higher performance, and not miss work? a. One who says "I'll never quit this job. I'll always do my best for you, boss." b. One who says "I can't think of anywhere else that I'd rather work. I really belong here with this team, boss." c. One who says "I don't think I'll ever be able to repay what this company has done for me. I owe it to you, boss." d. One who says "It's not like I have anything better to do. So, I'll work hard for you, boss."

b. One who says "I can't think of anywhere else that I'd rather work. I really belong here with this team, boss."

Which of the following is true regarding the motivating potential of a job? a. An employee whose expectation for his job is to pay the bills will have high growth potential. b. Even though a job is designed with the express purpose of motivating individuals, some employees may not find the job personally motivating. c. Career stage does not influence the importance of the five core characteristics. d. Employees with high "growth need" strength will respond less favorably to jobs with high motivating potential.

b. Even though a job is designed with the express purpose of motivating individuals, some employees may not find the job personally motivating.

Which of the following statements is correct with regard to the forming stage of group development? a. Leadership does not matter at this stage. b. Group members are trying to learn about one another. c. Group members are cohesive and cooperative. d. Group members are trying to clarify what needs to be done and who needs to do it.

b. Group members are trying to learn about one another.

Which of the following is true for group decision making? a. Group decision making is faster than individual decision making. b. Groups often perform lower than the best individual in the group. c. Groups make it easier to achieve accountability for decisions. d. Groups generate fewer ideas than individuals.

b. Groups often perform lower than the best individual in the group.

The increased use of technology for remote teams and Work from Home arrangements has resulted in some new stressors in the combined workplace/home environment. Which of these is NOT a good suggestion to keep in mind when working remotely? a. Get in the habit of taking breaks and micro-breaks. Also, consciously schedule some exercise into your day, like walking around the block. b. If you are upset at a coworker, put all your raw feelings and emotions in an email to them rather than discussing over Zoom, which might get interrupted. c. Make an effort to schedule collaboration sessions with others rather than "discussing" items over email or chat, which leads to delays and misunderstandings. d. Create "start of day" and "end of day" rituals. These can help separate work and personal life when you are working from home.

b. If you are upset at a coworker, put all your raw feelings and emotions in an email to them rather than discussing over Zoom, which might get interrupted.

Which of the following statements regarding work attitude and performance is accurate? a. Those with the most positive work attitudes are always strong performers. b. In engineering, there tends to be a stronger link between work attitude and performance than one finds in an assembly line job. c. The correlation between organizational commitment and performance is strong. d. Your skill level in performing a job does not matter much if your attitude toward work is positive.

b. In engineering, there tends to be a stronger link between work attitude and performance than one finds in an assembly line job.

Men and women tend to differ somewhat in their communication styles. Which of the following statements regarding those differences is correct? a. Women focus more on competition in their communication; men on cooperation. b. In meetings, women tend to withhold their opinions more than men. c. Men focus on requests in their communication; women on orders. d. Women use metaphors from the home; men from work.

b. In meetings, women tend to withhold their opinions more than men.

Which of the following statements regarding the universality of personality traits is correct? a. There is no difference in the dominant personality trait in countries across the world. b. In regions that have suffered from infectious diseases, openness to experiences is less dominant. c. The five-factor model of personality traits is not universally useful. d. The presence of democratic values in a culture is associated with introversion.

b. In regions that have suffered from infectious diseases, openness to experiences is less dominant.

When presenting quantitative analytics data, it is useful to incorporate principles of visual perception, such as all of the following EXCEPT a. Comparative differences can be made to stand out by using pre-attentive attributes in charts, such as line length, color, and size. b. It is more precise and effective to provide tables of numbers instead of charts so that managers can make comparisons and find trends by scanning the numbers on their own. c. Charts on a dashboard can be shown to be related to one another by using Gestalt (pattern) principles such as proximity and similarity of colors or styles, instead of cluttering the display with enclosing boxes. d. For scalable data, the graphs should always begin at 0 to avoid exaggerating small differences.

b. It is more precise and effective to provide tables of numbers instead of charts so that managers can make comparisons and find trends by scanning the numbers on their own.

Which of the following is not a culture that is characterized as feminine (nurturing) in its orientation? a. Norway b. Japan c. Sweden d. Costa Rica

b. Japan

Which of the following statements about workplace gossip is accurate? a. Research finds that only a minimal amount of workplace communication occurs at the grapevine level. b. Like it or not, leaders should consider information that is shared informally, since the majority of organizational communication occurs through the grapevine. c. Employees generally distrust their peers as a source of information. d. Because the grapevine lacks a specific sender, employees are less likely to trust the information.

b. Like it or not, leaders should consider information that is shared informally, since the majority of organizational communication occurs through the grapevine.

Regarding work attitudes, which of the following statements is true? a. People with positive affective dispositions are less committed to their work organizations. b. People who are critical of themselves experience less job satisfaction. c. External locus of control and introversion result in positive work attitudes. d. Low self-esteem results in more positive work attitudes.

b. People who are critical of themselves experience less job satisfaction.

Psychological Capital (PsyCap) is a combination of independent personal traits that explains some differences in how individuals react to experienced stress. Those traits are: a. Agreeableness, optimism, extraversion, resilience. b. Self-efficacy, optimism, hope, resilience. c. Agreeableness, optimism, hope, intelligence. d. Self-efficacy, optimism, hope, intelligence.

b. Self-efficacy, optimism, hope, resilience.

Which of the following statements regarding ethics and teams is accurate? a. Research demonstrates that hierarchical systems always constrain team members more than a self-managed team does. b. Self-managed teams are viewed as a technique to overcome the negative aspects of bureaucracy. c. Team pressure is often less powerful than managerial control. d. Team pressure is unlikely to result in unethical behavior by team members.

b. Self-managed teams are viewed as a technique to overcome the negative aspects of bureaucracy.

What statement is most accurate about the benefits of notetaking as a learning tool? a. For most, taking notes is a distraction from the learning and retention process. b. Taking notes in longhand may help the learner retain information better through the extra encoding effort. c. Highlighting key words, concepts and phrases on a document is preferred over notetaking as a learning tool. d. Taking notes on a laptop is preferred because it allows the learner to take more notes at a faster rate.

b. Taking notes in longhand may help the learner retain information better through the extra encoding effort.

The adage "Power corrupts; absolute power corrupts absolutely" can be supported by research which found that the primary predictor of unethical behavior is _____________. a. The perception of being treated unfairly. b. The expectation that the likelihood and severity of punishment was low. c. The expectation that the quantity of rewards of the behavior was high. d. The lack of hygiene factors.

b. The expectation that the likelihood and severity of punishment was low.

You are facilitating a session to generate ideas potential upgrades for a struggling company product. Someone has offered up an unorthodox idea to eliminate the "dinglehopper." Which of the following is the best question to ask next? a. What would it take to eliminate the dinglehopper? b. What are the advantages or benefits of eliminating the dinglehopper? c. Who is in favor of removing the dinglehopper? d. What could go wrong if we eliminate the dinglehopper?

b. What are the advantages or benefits of eliminating the dinglehopper?

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT with regard to trends that organizational behavior is addressing? a. The workforce is getting older and thus will want different benefits and work environments. b. Worker engagement is improving dramatically due to the opportunities provided by technology. c. The world is "flattening" with information access spreading worldwide and not staying concentrated in the leading economies. d. Outsourcing is becoming a way of life in many organizations.

b. Worker engagement is improving dramatically due to the opportunities provided by technology.

A famous study examined how different aspects of the work environment, such as lighting, the timing of breaks, and the length of the workday, impacted worker productivity. As this gathered data from workers at an operational plant, it is an example of a. a lab study. b. a field study. c. a meta-analytic study. d. a case study.

b. a field study.

The Washington Post reports that the risk of being killed by a firearm was relatively flat from 2010-2014. However, gun sales increased 150% immediately after the 2012 Sandy Hook shooting. If people bought guns thinking they were more at risk of being shot after seeing the Sandy Hook news, it would most likely be due to a(n) ______. a. escalation of commitment bias. b. availability bias. c. framing bias. d. hindsight bias.

b. availability bias.

Individuals with an internal locus of control a. understand what the situation demands and act accordingly. b. believe that they can impact what happens to them. c. have an inclination to change the status quo. d. feel that things happen to them because of luck, fate, or divine intervention.

b. believe that they can impact what happens to them.

Person-organization fit is the a. degree to which a person's attitude matches the culture of the work group. b. degree to which a person's values, personality, and goals match those of the organization. c. degree to which a person likes an organization. d. degree to which a person's skill, knowledge, and abilities match the job demands.

b. degree to which a person's values, personality, and goals match those of the organization.

A consumer good company was reorganized from specialized departments (such as Marketing and Manufacturing) into business units focused on product lines, such as Detergents, Dishwashing Soap, and Health and Beauty Aids. Marketing and manufacturing are separately managed within each business unit. What is the new type of structure and the probable reason behind the change? a. functional structure, with the goal of being more customer focused b. divisional structure, with the goal of being more customer focused c. matrix structure, with the goal of reducing costs d. mechanistic structure, with the goal of reducing costs

b. divisional structure, with the goal of being more customer focused

Judgment based on evidence refers to a. letting employees know what criteria are used in appraisal. b. documenting performance problems and using factual evidence in rating performance. c. ensuring that there is two-way communication during the appraisal process and the employee's perspective is heard. d. All of the above

b. documenting performance problems and using factual evidence in rating performance.

People in cultures high in power distance a. divide the roles of team members very clearly so that no one gets credit for another's efforts. b. expect unequal power distribution, so they are more comfortable with having an appointed team leader. c. tend to use sports metaphors more often in team training than family metaphors. d. tend to use participative decision making in team situations.

b. expect unequal power distribution, so they are more comfortable with having an appointed team leader.

When an incomplete figure appears on a sheet of paper, we are able to discern the entire figure because we a. have selective perception. b. extrapolate from the information available to us. c. visualize items in isolation. d. perceive our environment objectively.

b. extrapolate from the information available to us.

To improve overall employee performance, in addition to performance appraisals, a company should use a. an employee ranking technique. b. frequent one-on-one meetings. c. an annual company picnic. d. a peer-review bonus system.

b. frequent one-on-one meetings.

The underlying philosophy of The Walt Disney Company is that a. if you pay employees enough, they will fake happiness. b. happy employees will lead to happy customers. c. the customer is always right. d. with a well-written employee manual, all employees are accountable.

b. happy employees will lead to happy customers.

A person's enthusiasm, involvement, and satisfaction with their work is considered a. job satisfaction b. job engagement c. organizational commitment d. organizational attitude

b. job engagement

A caterer accepts a large order for a school function. On the morning of the event, stations are set up to make the 5,000 sandwiches ordered for that day. Station one has several individuals cutting sandwich buns, station two has employees placing the meats and cheeses on the rolls, station three adds condiments and wraps the sandwich, and station four moves the finished product and materials between the cooler and the other stations. Every hour, the employees take a 5-10 min break and move to work the next station in line, with station four restarting at station one. The individual who devised the sandwich-making production plan is operating under a a. job specialization approach. b. job rotation approach. c. job enlargement approach. d. None of these.

b. job rotation approach.

Renaldo is preparing to rate Marquez on his annual performance evaluation. As he looks at the first item, Renaldo thinks about the meeting he had with Marquez last week. Marquez shared with Renaldo that his wife was quite ill and that there may be days when he would be called to the hospital unexpectedly. Renaldo knows that a poor review will cost Marquez his bonus which Renaldo knows would be very difficult for Marquez financially. Based on this, Renaldo may give Marquez ratings that show ______________ bias. a. liking b. leniency c. stereotype d. recency

b. leniency

You see a media report that says that Somali immigrants to the US tend to live in concentrated communities rather than fully integrating themselves throughout metropolitan and rural areas, including preferring to enforce Sharia law within their neighborhoods. This is _________. a. another example of liberal media bias, praising immigrant groups. b. likely to be true because they could be a tight culture, acculturating more slowly than some other groups. c. probably true because Somali culture embraces poverty and they can't afford suburban homes. d. right-wing extremist rhetoric, riling up dissent against immigrants.

b. likely to be true because they could be a tight culture, acculturating more slowly than some other groups.

Increased reliance on Zoom and other digital platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic caused an uptick in __________ for business communicators. a. active listening b. listener fatigue c. information processing d. emotional engagement

b. listener fatigue

Active listening involves a. planning your response to an early point that was made while the speaker is finishing their thought. b. paraphrasing back to the speaker their points as you understand them. c. interrupting the sender immediately when you need them to clarify what they are saying. d. refraining from asking any questions or expressing any disagreement about their messages.

b. paraphrasing back to the speaker their points as you understand them.

All of the following are steps that firms are taking to assist employees in dealing with stress in the workplace EXCEPT a. creating jobs with autonomy and control. b. replacing employees who are stressed with more resilient employees. c. ensuring fairness in the workplace. d. providing access to employee assistance programs.

b. replacing employees who are stressed with more resilient employees.

George does very well in his Fantasy Football league. So, he made some simulated bets the first two weeks of the season and doubled his pretend wagers. The third week of the season he placed actual bets of an amount equal to his rent payment due the following week, figuring that he'd break even at worst. This expectation is ______ . a. valid due to his sound methodology. b. risky as he may be subject to overconfidence bias. c. a safe one, considering hindsight bias. d. a result of escalation of commitment bias.

b. risky as he may be subject to overconfidence bias.

Martina is the operations director of a manufacturing company. She recently read a 12-page memo from the marketing department presenting an idea for a new product which was estimated to increase profits by 20% within their existing customers and also open up new regional markets. Martina strongly opposed the idea during the meeting on the item afterward due to the high cost of producing the item as presented on page 7. She wasn't aware of the sales projections presented on pages 3 and 4. The barrier facing Martina in this scenario is a. filtering. b. selective perception. c. emotional disconnects. d. semantics.

b. selective perception.

Norms refer to a. agreements on established ground rules, goals and roles. b. shared expectations about how things operate within a group or team. c. formal approaches to decision making in the group or team. d. measures of camaraderie in the group or team.

b. shared expectations about how things operate within a group or team.

The car in front of Ned on the highway was traveling very slowly. He turned to Billy and said, "This is ridiculous, we are never going to get there on time. That must be a woman driver in front of us!" Ned is engaging in a. self-fulfilling prophecy. b. stereotyping. c. deductive reasoning. d. gender attribution error.

b. stereotyping.

Two or more companies that find an area of collaboration and combine their efforts to create a partnership beneficial to both parties while maintaining their status as separate entities is a a. matrix organization. b. strategic alliance. c. modular organization. d. learning organization.

b. strategic alliance.

Hindrance stressors refer to a. demands and circumstances that cause stress but also promote individual growth. b. stressors that impede achievement of personal goals and prevent personal growth. c. vagueness in regard to job responsibilities. d. having insufficient time and resources to complete one's job.

b. stressors that impede achievement of personal goals and prevent personal growth.

One advantage of group decision making over individual decision is a. the decision-making process is more efficient. b. the decision is more creative. c. accountability is easier to determine. d. the implementation of the decision is more difficult.

b. the decision is more creative.

Research on relationships at work indicates a. as long as some of our coworkers are our friends, being treated unfairly by the organization won't matter that much. b. the development of a trust-based relationship with the manager is related to organizational commitment. c. how considerate our manager is impacts our job satisfaction, but not our organizational commitment. d. our level of social acceptance by our coworkers impacts our performance, but not our commitment to the organization.

b. the development of a trust-based relationship with the manager is related to organizational commitment.

Attitude surveys conducted by companies produce more useful information if a. surveys are completed electronically. b. the management is perceived as credible by employees. c. past surveys were conducted but no action has resulted from them. d. individual survey responses are made public.

b. the management is perceived as credible by employees.

If the goal of your decision making is to achieve the optimum result or make the best choice, you should utilize a. the intuitive decision-making model. b. the rational decision-making model. c. the bounded rationality model of decision-making. d. the creative decision-making model.

b. the rational decision-making model.

Research and hands-on experience have demonstrated that teams are most successful when they determine shared expectations with respect to values and goals, communication methods, and how decisions will be made and by whom. Teams may naturally develop these norms, but to ensure that they are more clearly understood and accepted, they should be documented in _______ . a. an operation manual b. the team contract c. a binding agreement d. the team strategy

b. the team contract

While Slack, Asana, Wrike, and other such apps are very popular as project communication tools, they still have disadvantages, including a. they categorize instant messaging to public and private channels such as by team and topic, leading to loss of the "big picture". b. they may lead to distractions and productivity losses as people focus on the tool more than the content. c. they can increase transparency and accessibility to upper management leading to retaliation. d. All of the above.

b. they may lead to distractions and productivity losses as people focus on the tool more than the content.

The subreddit "Malicious Compliance" contains stories such as this one: A new manager was looking to make their mark by quickly showing results. They felt the production line was being run too slowly, so they directed the line leader to increase its speed setting. The line leader informed the manager that the line speed here may seem slow, but it can't be run faster because the downstream packers would be overwhelmed. The manager says "Look, I don't want to hear excuses. I want results. Speed up the line." So, the line leader says "Ok, tell me when to stop..." and starts to increase the speed setting. The manager smiles and finally says that's good as the cans of soda move by at a much quicker pace. About 3 minutes later the Emergency Stop alarm sounds, drowning out the sounds from the packing end of the line: shouting mixed with can-crumpling and soda whooshing and fizzing. The line leader's conformance would be more accurately termed as what type of response to change? a. Actual compliance, because the line leader did what was asked. b. Passive resistance, because the line leader didn't actually refuse. c. Active resistance, because the line leader warned the new manager what would happen, and then went along only to show the disaster that would result from the bad idea. d. Enthusiastic support, because the line leader really wanted to say, "I told you so."

c. Active resistance, because the line leader warned the new manager what would happen, and then went along only to show the disaster that would result from the bad idea.

Which of these are good psychological detachment strategies to help stressed workers? a. Take extra-long lunch breaks. b. Make work checklists each night before bedtime. c. Avoid checking your work email at home. d. All of the above.

c. Avoid checking your work email at home.

Georgio just returned from a meeting where his boss informed everyone of the new procedures to use in requesting reimbursement for travel. Georgio says, "I just figured out how to fill the other one out and now they are changing things again. Oh, well. I guess I'll have to start my expense reports sooner now." This is what kind of a reaction to change? a. Boomer attitude. b. Active resistance c. Compliance d. Passive resistance

c. Compliance

Which of the following statements regarding job performance is INCORRECT? a. Measures of job performance include the speed and accuracy with which the job is performed. b. One of the powerful influences on job performance is how we are treated at work. c. Contrary to what most people would think, stress has very little impact on job performance. d. Work attitudes, like job satisfaction, are moderate correlates of job performance.

c. Contrary to what most people would think, stress has very little impact on job performance.

Which of the following is NOT consistent with a factor in Dr. Stanfill's definition of 'culture'? a. Our cultural heritage subconsciously guides our behaviors. b. Culture is reflected in the shared attitudes of an identifiable group of people. c. Culture if defined in the written history of a society. d. A culture's influence endures over long periods of time, such as over multiple generations.

c. Culture if defined in the written history of a society.

With respect to employee attitudes and behavior, which of the following statements is true? a. There is an exceptionally strong correlation between attitudes and behavior such that attitudes will almost perfectly predict behavior. b. Intention to behave and actual behavior are almost always the same. c. Employee attitudes provide clues to behavior, but situational factors also impact behavior. d. Attitude is weakly related to intention to behave and actual behavior.

c. Employee attitudes provide clues to behavior, but situational factors also impact behavior.

Which statement is true about empowerment? a. The notion of empowerment is appropriate for all employees. b. Empowerment is a relatively easy concept to implement in the workplace. c. Employees who are nervous about taking on increased responsibility may also worry about empowerment. d. Empowerment is not related to job performance.

c. Employees who are nervous about taking on increased responsibility may also worry about empowerment.

The new CEO of IDK Corporation has developed a plan that will call for the restructuring of the organization from a functional structure to a matrix one. In his meeting with his subordinates, manager Ervin says, "This will be great. You will still work in this area for me, but you will have variety in that you will also all be reporting to a second manager for various projects to which you will be assigned. This new structure will only help grow our value with this company." This is what kind of a reaction to change? a. Compliance b. Passive resistance c. Enthusiastic support d. Active resistance

c. Enthusiastic support

Which of the following is true regarding tall structures? a. They provide employees with a more role ambiguity. b. They provide employees with more opportunities for self-actualization. c. They better satisfy employee needs for security. d. They require managers to exercise a greater span of control.

c. They better satisfy employee needs for security.

Which statement regarding communication and ethics is true? During a crisis situation, a firm spokesperson's level in the organization is not relevant so long as they look good on TV. Executives should not change their communication style based on the culture of their audiences because that can be seen as being inconsistent. Ethical, forthright communication by an organization should occur externally as well as internally. British Petroleum (BP) is widely recognized as demonstrating model communication during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon incident in the Gulf of Mexico.

c. Ethical, forthright communication by an organization should occur externally as well as internally.

In a 2014 meta-analysis, researchers found that a. Intrinsic motivation was a better predictor of output quantity than extrinsic motivation. b. Extrinsic motivation was a better predictor of output quality than intrinsic motivation. c. Extrinsic motivation added to the effect of intrinsic motivation on performance, with indirect (long-term) rewards being more impactful than direct (immediate) rewards. d. All of the above.

c. Extrinsic motivation added to the effect of intrinsic motivation on performance, with indirect (long-term) rewards being more impactful than direct (immediate) rewards.

In a meta-analysis by Marlow et al. (2018), which compiled studies of more than 9,000 teams, the quality of communication was found to be positively related to team performance more than the frequency of communication. Which of the following was noted to be true regarding the context of the communication? a. Quality communication from a boss to subordinate was more strongly related to team performance than communication in a shared leadership context. b. The level of familiarity between the parties was irrelevant to the relationship between communication quality and team performance. c. Face-to-face communications was more strongly related to team performance than virtual communication. d. Adding interpersonal elements to task elements in communication resulted in better team performance than communicating task elements alone.

c. Face-to-face communications was more strongly related to team performance than virtual communication.

Which of the following statements is true regarding diet and stress? a. Eating light meals in the middle of the day may slow down the body because there is insufficient food energy available to stimulate the brain to react to stress. b. Eating fish for lunch tends to reduce reaction times. c. Greasy foods make a person feel tired because digestion of the fats in such foods diverts blood from the brain. d. The dopamine in fish produces a feeling of sleepiness.

c. Greasy foods make a person feel tired because digestion of the fats in such foods diverts blood from the brain.

A recent survey of job satisfaction in a company was lower than one conducted pre-COVID. Which of the following, while not guaranteed to cause an improvement, is MOST likely to help restore the satisfaction to previous levels? a. Fire the employees with the lowest satisfaction scores, which results in a higher average from those who are still there. b. Give everyone a 15% raise. c. Host some company functions, like cookouts, where managers serve employees and earnestly express their appreciation for all their hard work during the pandemic. d. Eliminate job descriptions and let employees find things to do each day which they enjoy, so long as those tasks will boost company profitability.

c. Host some company functions, like cookouts, where managers serve employees and earnestly express their appreciation for all their hard work during the pandemic.

Which of the following statements regarding the management of demographic diversity is INCORRECT? a. Diversity training programs are most successful in those firms where there are explicit rewards for increasing company diversity. b. Companies can support diversity by reviewing their employment advertising to ensure that diversity is being advocated at all job levels. c. In the most successful companies, diversity is viewed as the responsibility of the Human Resources department. d. Many people see affirmative action programming as a controversial way to manage diversity because it may provide an unfair advantage to minority members.

c. In the most successful companies, diversity is viewed as the responsibility of the Human Resources department.

Which of the following statements about factors related to work attitudes is NOT accurate? People whose personal values align with the organization's values tend to have higher job satisfaction. Person-job fit is positively related to job satisfaction. Job satisfaction of all employees improves when they use a variety of skills and are given greater responsibilities and authority. Regardless of the actual situation, the perception of unfair policies or a psychological contract breach can reduce job satisfaction.

c. Job satisfaction of all employees improves when they use a variety of skills and are given greater responsibilities and authority.

Which of the following is true about motivation? a. Motivation is the sole reason why people perform well. b. Motivation is usually the most critical factor in a person's performance. c. Motivation is a key influence over an employee's performance level. d. Being motivated is the same as being a high performer.

c. Motivation is a key influence over an employee's performance level.

Storytelling is an effective form of communication for which of the following situations? a. Explaining the benefit package changes to employees b. Orienting new employees to the company's culture c. Assigning tasks to an employee d. Correcting an employee's approach to a project

c. Orienting new employees to the company's culture

Which of the following statements about the personality trait agreeableness is accurate? a. People high in agreeableness tend to exhibit strong aggressive behavior. b. All occupations look to hire people who are high in agreeableness. c. People high in agreeableness tend to be less effective at providing constructive criticism. d. None of these.

c. People high in agreeableness tend to be less effective at providing constructive criticism.

Juanita is a project manager responsible for two similar projects with the same team members. At the project status readout with her boss, she reports that Project A is ahead of schedule due to her hard work and the high skills of the team, but Project B is stalled because the team was given vague requirements and there was an equipment failure that set them back. If the effort, skills, requirements, and equipment were the same for both projects, her report is most likely ________. a. affected by Confirmation bias. b. affected by Sampling bias. c. affected by Fundamental Attribution Error. d. affected by Hindsight bias.

c. affected by Fundamental Attribution Error.

Functional structures a. tend to facilitate the effective performance of employees with general mental abilities. b. are most effective in dynamic environments. c. are cost-effective structures, particularly for shared resources such as marketing, human resources, and information technology departments of those companies. d. are most effective when an organization has a large number of products.

c. are cost-effective structures, particularly for shared resources such as marketing, human resources, and information technology departments of those companies.

Because ________ roles involve gathering information from the larger organization and informing those within the organization about team goals, activities and success, it is often filled by the team manager. task-oriented political-oriented boundary-spanning social-oriented

c. boundary-spanning

Collectivistic cultures are a. cultures where people tend to define themselves as individuals and form looser ties with their groups. b. cultures that tend to value achievement and competitiveness as well as acquisition of money and other material objects. c. cultures where people tend to have strong bonds to their groups and group membership forms a person's self-identity. d. cultures that tend to value maintaining good relationships, caring for the weak and quality of life.

c. cultures where people tend to have strong bonds to their groups and group membership forms a person's self-identity.

All of these are characteristics of effective communication EXCEPT a. be relevant and complete b. prompt and timely c. descriptive and vague d. equitable for everyone to share information

c. descriptive and vague

360-degree feedback is a. designed to provide feedback for promotion or pay decisions. b. designed to deal with all instances where competition between coworkers is prevalent. c. designed to provide feedback for developmental purposes. d. the most frequently used form of performance appraisal in U.S. firms.

c. designed to provide feedback for developmental purposes.

The fundamental idea behind the Lean approach to manufacturing, is a. standardization in systems and processes so employees can be transferred and utilized across the operation, resulting in good production even when understaffed. b. centralized decision-making and structured projects across the business. c. empowering frontline employees to coordinate efforts and make changes to eliminate waste that provides no customer value. d. perfect quality at all costs.

c. empowering frontline employees to coordinate efforts and make changes to eliminate waste that provides no customer value.

Organization structure refers to a. the degree to which decision-making authority is concentrated at higher levels in the organization. b. the degree to which policies, procedures, job descriptions and rules are written and explicitly articulated. c. how work within an organization is formally coordinated between individuals and teams. d. the number of employees reporting to a single manager.

c. how work within an organization is formally coordinated between individuals and teams.

Research reveals that ___________ is necessary to make diversity an advantage for organizations a. staff turnover b. conflict c. inclusion d. technology

c. inclusion

Negative reinforcement a. decreases the desired behavior. b. decreases the frequency of negative behavior. c. increases the desired behavior. d. reduces the frequency of undesired behavior.

c. increases the desired behavior.

Susan is a paramedic for the county ambulance service. Yesterday there was a terrible accident on the highway when a bus carrying 15 senior citizens home from a church retreat was struck by a pickup truck as it crossed the centerline while the driver was texting. As Susan arrived on the scene to perform triage on the accident victims, she quickly made decisions as to which victims needed immediate care and who could wait or were beyond help. Susan was using what decision-making model in making these stressful decisions? a. bounded rationality model of decision making b. creative decision-making model c. intuitive decision-making model d. rational decision-making model

c. intuitive decision-making model

Conducting an effective performance appraisal meeting a. is always easier if the rater begins the meeting with a criticism of the employee and moves forward from there. b. is always easier if the rater limits the number of opportunities the employee has to speak. c. is facilitated if the rater has empathy for the employee. d. None of the above.

c. is facilitated if the rater has empathy for the employee.

Research on procedural justice suggests a. it is best to exclude employees from commenting on potential changes in company procedures like performance appraisals because they do not understand the decision-making process anyway. b. it is best to unexpectedly announce department-wide layoffs because when employees suspect changes in their job status are upcoming, they tend to become much less productive. c. it is best to be consistent in the manner in which managers and employees are disciplined for violating company policy for situations like cell phone usage. d. it is best to announce changes to the company benefit package for the next fiscal year without providing explanatory details because employees do not understand the financial implications anyway.

c. it is best to be consistent in the manner in which managers and employees are disciplined for violating company policy for situations like cell phone usage.

Which of the following factors has the most influence on worker motivation? a. pay b. growth opportunities c. job design d. recognition

c. job design

All of the following statements regarding personality testing in employee selection are valid EXCEPT: a. self-reporting measures of personality may not be the best way to measure personality. b. there are mixed feelings as to whether candidates' faking responses on personality tests is a serious problem. c. job interviewers are very adept at assessing conscientiousness in candidates, so the personality test is not really needed in employee selection. d. personality is a better predictor of job satisfaction than job performance.

c. job interviewers are very adept at assessing conscientiousness in candidates, so the personality test is not really needed in employee selection.

Research indicates that the most important determinant of ethical behavior in an organization is a. the establishment of policies prohibiting unethical behavior. b. the passage of laws requiring ethical behavior. c. manager commitment to ethical behavior. d. the establishment of rules requiring greater accountability.

c. manager commitment to ethical behavior

Frederick Taylor's work, "Principles of Scientific Management" (1911), led to a fundamental change in management philosophy. The change a. was understanding that managers could not influence the output levels of employees. b. was understanding that repetitive activities are the direct result of job generalization. c. paved the way for the 20th century assembly line and today's use of automation. d. was increasing the complexity of jobs in the workplace for greater productivity.

c. paved the way for the 20th century assembly line and today's use of automation.

The affirmative action program about which the most negative perceptions are held is a. simple elimination of discrimination against workplace minorities. b. tiebreakers which give preference to under-represented groups. c. preferential treatment to make more job offers to minorities. d. targeted recruitment of under-represented groups for employment.

c. preferential treatment to make more job offers to minorities.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, employees sometimes showed up at work when they had symptoms of illness because they were afraid of losing their jobs. This is an example of what behavior? a. anti-vaxers b. absenteeism c. presenteeism d. poor work attitude.

c. presenteeism

Values a. encompass the relatively stable feelings, thoughts, and behavioral patterns a person has. b. are generalizations based upon a perceived group characteristic. c. refer to relatively stable life goals people have, reflecting what is most important to them. d. are initial thoughts and perceptions we form about people, which tend to be stable and resilient to contrary information.

c. refer to relatively stable life goals people have, reflecting what is most important to them.

Antonia received feedback on her sales performance on her last performance evaluation, and it wasn't good. It's already been a week since the meeting but she just can't stop thinking about what her supervisor said. She keeps replaying it in her mind over and over, to the point that she hasn't been able to make her call quota for the week. This is an example of a. anticipation. b. a role stressor. c. rumination. d. burnout.

c. rumination.

A measure with high reliability a. demonstrates a link between correlation and causation. b. measures what it is intended to measure. c. shows consistency in measurement. d. indicates a strong relationship between two variables.

c. shows consistency in measurement.

The car was traveling very slowly on the highway in front of Ned. He turned to Sally and said, "This is ridiculous, we are never going to get there on time. That must be a woman driver in front of us!" Ned is engaging in a. gender attribution error. b. self-fulfilling prophecy. c. stereotyping. d. deductive reasoning.

c. stereotyping.

As a newly hired manager in the company, you consider your priorities with whom you should focus your communication. Recent surveys indicate that managers spend a majority of their time communicating with what group? a. those external to the organization b. superiors c. subordinates d. others that are internal to the firm (e.g., those in other departments).

c. subordinates

In expectancy theory, valence is a. the perception that high levels of effort will lead to outcomes of interest like performance. b. the perception that performance is related to subsequent outcomes such as rewards. c. the anticipated satisfaction that will result from an outcome. d. the degree to which people are treated with respect, kindness, and dignity.

c. the anticipated satisfaction that will result from an outcome.

Meta-analysis is a. a study with a group that receives a treatment and a comparison group that receives no treatment. b. a study conducted in an actual organization. c. the process of summarizing research findings from studies on related topics. d. an in-depth analysis of a single industry or company.

c. the process of summarizing research findings from studies on related topics.

Intragroup Conflict

conflict that occurs within a group or team

Which of the following is seen as a more ethical alternative to downsizing? a. Early retirement programs b. Job sharing c. Hiring freezes d. All of the above

d. All of the above

A local retailer announces a gamification initiative for cashiers that it expects to shorten checkout lines. What is "gamification"? a. An approach that creates competition through clear goals and immediate feedback. b. A method to increase workplace engagement while introducing an element of fun in the workplace. c. A tool to motivate employees to expand their skills, improve their performance, and support teamwork. d. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

Agile methodology consists of a. project management principles. b. cross-functional collaboration. c. incremental and iterative development. d. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

In the model which says that Performance is the interaction between Motivation, Environment, and Ability, __________. a. Environment refers to having the resources, information and support one needs to perform well. b. Ability refers to having the skills and knowledge required to perform the job. c. Motivation refers to the intention of achieving a goal, leading to goal-directed behavior. d. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

Research indicates that exercise is an effective strategy for managing stress. Which of the following statements best describes some of the findings from studies on exercise and stress? a. Physically active breaks, like walking, decreases mental fatigue. b. Exercise, like light calisthenics, actually provides us energy. c. Regular exercise increases the body's ability to draw oxygen out of the air, thus combating stress. d. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

State University wanted to determine whether a Wellness Program that focused on walking to enhance employee health would cut down on employees' use of health benefits. Employees in the Liberal Arts department were invited to participate and received a $25 gift card to Best Buy for taking part in the program. Employees in the Engineering department did not participate in the program. Health benefits data was examined for both departments. Which of the following elements are required to conclude that walking causes a reduction in use of health benefits? a. Correlation: Inverse correlation between the amount of walking and the use of health benefits. b. Time Order: The reduction in health benefit usage should occur after the participants increase the amount of walking they do. c. Non-spuriousness: Other known factors which might affect health benefit usage should be taken into consideration when evaluating the data, such as pre-existing conditions, lifestyle and typical work activity level of the participants, health plan changes (deductibles, coverage limits, network providors), average medical costs in the area, diet and medications of the participants, etc. d. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

Symptoms of too much cohesion include a. being overly agreeable to avoid conflict. b. not voicing opinions contrary to the 'party line'. c. groupthink. d. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

What workplace strategy can help increase the quality of the feedback you receive? a. Ask your supervisor for feedback if you aren't sure how you are doing. b. Develop a good professional relationship with your manager. c. Be gracious, even when you receive negative feedback. d. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

When evaluating if a decision is ethical, it is recommended to consider additional factors beyond the mere legality of the action, such as the fairness to all stakeholders, the alignment with Codes of Conduct, and the public's perception of the decision. Why is a legal review NOT sufficient? a. Laws vary between different countries. b. The "law" is a low bar; many people expect higher standards for a decision to be considered as being ethical. c. While legally permitted, a decision contrary to one's personal ethics can cause intrapersonal conflict and stress. d. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

Which of the following is an advantage of job rotation? a. Employees become cross-trained due to their movement between jobs. b. Managers have greater scheduling flexibility in a job rotation system. c. Employees experience less boredom in a job rotation system. d. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

With respect to the concept of Procedural Justice, a good Performance Review System should have which of the following elements? a. letting employees know what criteria are used in appraisal. b. documenting performance problems and using factual evidence in rating performance. c. ensuring that there is two-way communication during the appraisal process and the employee's perspective is heard. d. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

Mindfulness is a stress-reducing concept most closely related to a. Paying attention to one's own feelings. b. Reflecting on one's feelings without judgment. c. Meditation. d. All of these.

d. All of these.

Which of the following statements is true regarding performance and organizational change? a. Successful companies often have special practices in place to keep the organization working toward the status quo. b. 'Nothing fails like success' is a saying with very little accuracy when it comes to organizational change. c. More successful firms find it easier to change than those performing poorly. d. Boards of Directors of poor-performing companies commonly change top management as a method to initiate significant organization-wide change.

d. Boards of Directors of poor-performing companies commonly change top management as a method to initiate significant organization-wide change.

Maurice is enrolled in a career development class at his university. Which of the following statements best reflects important themes in the course? a. All students have common experiences and capabilities so an organization's career development activities should look the same for everyone. b. Learn as much as you can in as many areas as you can in college because you will not learn much more throughout your work life. c. Once individuals choose their first job and the organization in which they work, they make very few changes throughout the rest of their work lives; so choose carefully. d. Career paths will look different for different people, so it's best to focus on transferrable skills, such as the ability to diagnose situations, ask tough questions, evaluate answers, and act in effective and ethical manners.

d. Career paths will look different for different people, so it's best to focus on transferrable skills, such as the ability to diagnose situations, ask tough questions, evaluate answers, and act in effective and ethical manners.

Given the following choices, which is the best suggestion for managing cultural diversity? a. For the most effective international experiences, train individual employees thoroughly in one culture before moving on to another. b. Keep in mind that local employees in the foreign country are too immersed in the culture to help you understand their culture. For a more objective viewpoint, other expatriates are more useful. c. There is a very high probability that any problems experienced on an expatriate assignment are due to cultural differences and misunderstandings. d. Culture can change; do not assume that what was true a decade ago is true today.

d. Culture can change; do not assume that what was true a decade ago is true today.

Which of the following statements about demographic diversity around the world is INCORRECT? a. In South Korea, women face less of a glass ceiling than in the United States. b. In France, a study indicated that resumes with French-sounding names were more likely to get interviews than those with North African-sounding names. c. Japan is a relatively homogeneous society. d. Due to its history of global colonialism, Great Britain does not experience domestic challenges with respect to acceptance of religious or ethnic diversity

d. Due to its history of global colonialism, Great Britain does not experience domestic challenges with respect to acceptance of religious or ethnic diversity

Which of the following statements about filtering information is accurate? a. To maximize the chances of sending effective communication, it is advisable to use a single channel to send it. b. Filtering enables people to get the most accurate picture of a situation. c. People tend to filter downward communication more than upward communication. d. Filtering is withholding information to manage a person's reactions.

d. Filtering is withholding information to manage a person's reactions.

Which of the following statements about attribution is NOT correct? a. Internal attributions credit the individual for an action or behavior, while external attributions credit the situation, the environment, or others. b. The expression "A rising tide floats all boats" is an example of an external attribution, as it indicates that a company's recent success is due to favorable market conditions. c. The expression "Fool me once, shame on you; fool me twice, shame on me," used when turning down the used car salesman's offer to replace the lemon he previously sold you, is an example of an internal attribution. d. If we make an external attribution to a project's success, we are more likely to reward the project manager.

d. If we make an external attribution to a project's success, we are more likely to reward the project manager.

Which of the following is an issue to keep in mind with regard to maintaining an ethical environment in an organization? a. Monitoring employee online activity is a good way of creating an ethical climate. b. Use of video cameras in the workplace will make employees feel the firm cares about ethics. c. High levels of employee monitoring increases citizenship behaviors. d. Monitoring employees may increase ethical compliance but may create a culture of mistrust.

d. Monitoring employees may increase ethical compliance but may create a culture of mistrust.

State University wanted to determine whether a Wellness Program that focused on walking to enhance employee health would cut down on employees' use of health benefits. Employees in the Liberal Arts department were invited to participate and received a $25 gift card to Best Buy for taking part in the program. Employees in the Engineering department did not participate in the program. Health benefits data was examined for both departments. Is this a well-designed experimental study? a. Yes - The Liberal Arts department is the control group, and the Engineering department is the treatment group. b. Yes - The Liberal Arts department is the treatment group, and the Engineering department is the control group. c. No - The Liberal Arts department would prefer an iTunes/Apple gift card rather than a Best Buy gift card. d. No - The Liberal Arts and Engineering departments might not be matched groups, leading to possible spurous causes affecting the results.

d. No - The Liberal Arts and Engineering departments might not be matched groups, leading to possible spurous causes affecting the results.

Which of the following is most true regarding cross-cultural communication? a. Diplomats are highly trained and effective communicators, therefore are able to act as mediators and work out compromises. b. The "Come alive with Pepsi" campaign in Germany and the Chevy Nova's introduction into Latin America are two examples of excellent international marketing efforts. c. Nonverbal communication demonstrates consistent meanings around the world. d. Since the sender and receiver do not share common experiences and situational contexts, each should be prepared for potential misunderstandings even when a common language is used.

d. Since the sender and receiver do not share common experiences and situational contexts, each should be prepared for potential misunderstandings even when a common language is used.

A 2018 Meta-analysis of Work-Family Conflict found that while emotional support generally helps reduce the feelings of conflict, there is usually nothing anyone can do (instrumental support) to reduce the conflict once it occurs. Which of the following is the one type of instrumental support (making changes to accommodate the conflict) has been shown to help the situation in the event of Work Interferes with Family (WIF) or Family Interferes with Work (FIW) conflict? a. The family changing the date of a birthday party with grandma so the employee can go on a business trip that just got scheduled. b. A manager allowing an employee to miss a work trip in order to attend their kid's championship game that just got scheduled. c. A manager allowing an employee to miss a work trip that just got scheduled in order to attend their kid's graduation ceremony. d. The family changing the date of a baby shower/reveal party that just got planned so the employee can finish work on the annual corporate audit.

d. The family changing the date of a baby shower/reveal party that just got planned so the employee can finish work on the annual corporate audit.

Which of the following statements related to fundamental factors affecting a group's cohesion is correct? a. The larger a group, the more cohesive it is likely to be. b. The more coaching group members receive, the less cohesive the group is likely to be. c. The less time a group has stayed together, the more cohesive a group is likely to be. d. The more similar group members are, the more cohesive the group is likely to be.

d. The more similar group members are, the more cohesive the group is likely to be.

Which of the following statements about values is true? a. Values impact the individual, but not how they work. b. Values are not very stable; they change over short periods of time. c. Values affect the decisions people make but have little impact on their behavior. d. Values are developed early in life and remain relatively stable over a lifetime.

d. Values are developed early in life and remain relatively stable over a lifetime.

Which of the following communication channels would be the most information-rich? a. Written letters. b. Handheld devices. c. E-mails. d. Videoconferencing

d. Videoconferencing

Which of the following is NOT a tip for leaving your job gracefully? a. Don't badmouth your employer; other potential employers may think you'll do the same to them. b. It's a small world; don't behave unprofessionally because word travels. c. Return all office supplies, keys, laptops, and anything else that belongs to the company; take only fond memories and valuable lessons learned. d. When you decide to leave, leave without notice. Don't hang around doing work you are not motivated to do.

d. When you decide to leave, leave without notice. Don't hang around doing work you are not motivated to do.

Which of these is NOT a way to seek advancement at an organization with a flat structure? a. Mentor other employees b. Redefine role at the company to include more responsibilities c. Seek a lateral move d. Work closely with only your direct supervisor

d. Work closely with only your direct supervisor

Which of the following statements regarding age and turnover is accurate? a. Programming opportunities offered to new hires, such as orientation, often fail to reduce the turnover of this group. b. Older individuals are more likely to turnover than younger individuals. c. Individuals who have been on the job only a short period of time are unlikely to turnover because they just got the job. d. Younger individuals have an easier time, overall, leaving a job than older individuals.

d. Younger individuals have an easier time, overall, leaving a job than older individuals.

A stereotype is a. a way in which people are similar or different from each other. b. an attribute along which a group is split into subgroups. c. a difference in values, attitudes or beliefs. d. a generalization about a particular group of people.

d. a generalization about a particular group of people.

A piece rate system refers to a. a program providing one-time rewards to employees for specific accomplishments. b. a company-wide program where employees are rewarded for performance gains compared to past performance. c. an outdated compensation structure that is no longer used. d. a program where employees are paid on the basis of individual output produced.

d. a program where employees are paid on the basis of individual output produced.

A mid-sized manufacturing company produced one thousand component assemblies in July of this year, far exceeding the previous record of 843 assemblies. One week later, the firm had grills brought on site and employees were treated to a steak luncheon. The steak grill-out is an example of a. gainsharing. b. merit pay. c. a bonus. d. an award.

d. an award.

Reasonable accommodations for employees with disabilities may include all of the following EXCEPT: a. modifications in employee schedules. b. providing auxiliary equipment like telephone amplifiers. c. physical changes to the company facilities (e.g. wheelchair ramp). d. assignment of their essential job functions to other employees.

d. assignment of their essential job functions to other employees.

Forced ranking systems like those used by Uber, a. provide employees with concrete feedback on what their goals are for next year. b. are beneficial to a firm if they are used in a consistent manner and for a long period of time. c. can lead to employee stagnation and a performance-aversive culture. d. can carry the danger of lawsuits because of equal employment opportunity (EEO) concerns with employees rated.

d. can carry the danger of lawsuits because of equal employment opportunity (EEO) concerns with employees rated.

After studying the body's response to stress, Hans Selye determined that unmanaged stress a. does not exist because our body automatically reacts to manage it. might lead to physical problems, but there are no lasting psychological problems because people will block out traumatic events from their memory. b. only leads to psychological illnesses, c. not physical ones. d. can create both physical problems and psychological illnesses.

d. can create both physical problems and psychological illnesses.

Challenge stressors refer to a. having insufficient time and resources to complete one's job. b. stressors that impede achievement of personal goals and prevent personal growth. c. vagueness in regard to job responsibilities. d. demands and circumstances that cause stress but also promote individual growth.

d. demands and circumstances that cause stress but also promote individual growth.

The likelihood that findings in a given study would be found in another setting or study is known as a. reliability. b. validity. c. meta-analysis. d. generalizability.

d. generalizability.

When companies provide training to employees to teach them new skills, it results in positive changes in employees' jobs and careers. This method is called a. career expansion. b. performance improvement measures. c. insourcing. d. upskilling.

d. upskilling.

When a professor uses a combination of oral and visual modes in a presentation, the class a. will probably be bored. b. tends to become overwhelmed with information. c. will typically only retain the part that is presented visually. d. has a better chance of improved retention than using only oral or visual modes.

d. has a better chance of improved retention than using only oral or visual modes.

During a crisis for an organization, communications should a. deny any accusations until all the facts are in. b. have a low-level spokesperson answer questions to have plausible deniability. c. counterattack and blame the media. d. have a high-ranking official from the company communicate the response.

d. have a high-ranking official from the company communicate the response.

In a team setting, empowerment means a. having the ability to make decisions. b. having the responsibility and authority to reach goals. c. having the responsibility to reach goals. d. having the authority to reach goals.

d. having the authority to reach goals.

Ned says to his boss, "I am really concerned that I won't be able to manage the project and team if you put me in charge. Maybe you should choose someone else." Ned seems to be demonstrating _____. a. low conscientiousness. b. low self-monitoring. c. a proactive personality. d. low self-efficacy

d. low self-efficacy

Which of the following psychological states has research identified as the most important for employee attitudes and behaviors? a. responsibility b. knowledge of results c. motivation d. meaningfulness

d. meaningfulness

Centralized operations are typically more efficient and cost-effective, while decentralized operations are typically a. better equipped to deal with a crisis. b. more productive. c. more responsive to investors needs. d. more customer service oriented and employee friendly.

d. more customer service oriented and employee friendly.

A workgroup has three males who are new employees and three females who have been with the firm an average of 15 years. The workgroup can be expected to be a. more creative due to the diversity. b. more cohesive since they are evenly split. c. more effective decision-makers because of the experience of the women. d. more loyal to their gender subgroups due to the faultline.

d. more loyal to their gender subgroups due to the faultline.

Maurice is described as "very curious. He has very original thoughts. He is a bright young man with a very creative flair." Maurice exhibits the personality trait of ____________. a. extraversion. b. agreeableness. c. conscientiousness. d. openness.

d. openness.

Escalation of commitment occurs because a. strict "turn back" points have been established. b. decision makers lack personal pride. c. persistence pays off. d. people do not want to admit they were wrong.

d. people do not want to admit they were wrong.

Michael is part of an organizational behavior project group. The group decided on the overall theme of its project and individual members are now completing specific sections of the project. Michael has been e-mailing Rachel almost every day asking her opinion on various parts of his section. The group tends to sit together in class and they have even decided to go out for coffee after class next Tuesday. In what phase of group development is Michael's group, most likely? a. storming b. adjourning c. forming d. performing

d. performing

A communication receiver who is preparing his comment or answer rather than completely listening to the sender is a. using active listening. b. using semantics. c. biased. d. rehearsing.

d. rehearsing.

Hypotheses are a. entities that take on different values. b. research tools that elicit respondents' reactions to specific questions. c. the process of writing out thoughts and emotions on a regular basis. d. tentative guesses for expected observations that can be tested.

d. tentative guesses for expected observations that can be tested.

Validity is a. an entity that can take on different values. b. the consistency in measurement. c. the strength of the relationship between two variables. d. the degree to which a measure captures what it is intended to measure.

d. the degree to which a measure captures what it is intended to measure.

Operational decisions refer to a. things that might happen in the future. b. those that occur frequently enough to develop an automated response to them. c. those that set the course of the organization. d. those things that employees do each day to make the organization run.

d. those things that employees do each day to make the organization run.

The demand-control model proposes that stress occurs when a. employees should demand control over their jobs. b. managers should control all the demands of the employees. c. the more control a position gives a person, the more stressed that employee becomes. d. work places a lot of demands on a person who has little control over the situation.

d. work places a lot of demands on a person who has little control over the situation.

Nathan's group is responsible for a presentation on their Human Resource project. The group is meeting early in the project to prepare the presentation plan. Nathan has never prepared a presentation as part of this group before, but he is highly proficient with PowerPoint. He hopes that the team will use a ________________ interdependence approach rather than just dividing up and assigning separate sections because he is confident he can add more value by contributing a little to all portions than a lot to a single topic. outcome sequential reciprocal pooled

reciprocal

A company with a stable culture is fair, supportive, and respects individual rights. achievement-oriented, results-oriented, and action-oriented. flexible, adaptable, and experiments with new ideas. predictable, rule-oriented, and bureaucratic.

predictable, rule-oriented, and bureaucratic.

Which of these is a potential indicator of a corrupt organization ? Those who disagree with leaders are bad-mouthed and left out of important meetings. Leaders believe that they are justified in doing anything to support job security. Employees refer to competitors as "enemies" instead of just competitors. All of the above.

All of the above.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the Attraction-Selection-Attrition (ASA) process? Individuals self-select the companies for which they choose to work. Due to economic circumstances, companies today hire people for fit with the job only and are much less concerned about fit with the culture. The ASA process aids organizations in maintaining the relative diversity of employee personalities and values. All of the above.

Individuals self-select the companies for which they choose to work.

Lincoln Manufacturing has a large sign posted at the entrance to the firm's parking area that keeps count of the number of days since the last accident in the firm. Currently, the number stands at 150. The count is changed every day in somewhat of a "ceremony," and every time another 50 days go by without an accident, the firm provides a free lunch to employees. Workers throughout the plant remind one another to wear protective clothing including earplugs, safety hats and glasses and safety shoes. Lincoln has what kind of culture? Person-oriented Aggressive Safety Stable

Safety

If both parties involved in a budget negotiation decide to leverage the same suppliers to get better pricing so that each party gets more for their dollar, this is an example of which kind of negotiation strategy? a. Integrative approach b. Accommodating approach c. Distributive approach d. None of these.

a. Integrative approach

Which of the following statements regarding negotiation strategies is correct? a. Listening is a key element in the integrative approach to negotiation. b. Focusing on a "fixed pie" in negotiations is a good approach because it controls the number of options to be considered. c. Reviews of negotiation experiments indicate that in almost all those situations where an integrative approach to negotiations could be adopted, such an approach was utilized. d. An adversarial stance is needed to begin integrative negotiation.

a. Listening is a key element in the integrative approach to negotiation.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship between conflict and performance? a. Moderate task conflict leads to high performance. b. High conflict leads to high performance. c. Moderate personal conflict leads to high performance. d. Lack of conflict leads to high performance.

a. Moderate task conflict leads to high performance.

You just received a job offer at your dream company doing your dream job paying 20% more than you are currently making. Should you attempt to negotiate a higher salary or bonus? a. Yes. Most hiring managers expect candidates to negotiate. b. Yes. Be assertive. Demand a 10% increase or say you'll decline the offer. c. No. They want people who will agree to what management says. d. No. You shouldn't risk a good thing; they might rescind the offer.

a. Yes. Most hiring managers expect candidates to negotiate.

A seller with a strong BATNA _____________ than one with a weaker BATNA. a. is likely to obtain a better outcome b. completes the sale more often c. has spent less effort in preparation d. is no better off

a. is likely to obtain a better outcome

The Zone of Possible Agreement (ZOPA) is the range of values between the buyer's and seller's ________ . a. resistance / walk-away points b. optimal values c. anchor points d. initial offers

a. resistance / walk-away points

The organizational behavior course has a project as a key requirement in the course. As part of the course's evaluation, students must indicate which group member is the most valuable to the group. The designated individual will receive bonus points. Nick is the only one in his course project group who can create effective PowerPoint presentations. As the group's presentation must feature a visual aid, Nick is very confident he will be chosen as the most valuable group member. Elizabeth just arrived at the group meeting with ideas for depicting colorful poster boards with the same information. The group was very enthusiastic about her novel ideas. This scenario demonstrates the impact ___________ has on the level of power one has. a. substitutability b. dependency c. importance d. scarcity

a. substitutability

Which of the following would NOT be an effective means of stimulating healthy conflict? a. Assigning someone to play "devil's advocate". b. Building clarity into the situation. c. Encouraging disagreement without fear of reprisal. d. Creating a competition between teams.

b. Building clarity into the situation.

Which of the following is a positive outcome of conflict in the organization? a. Enhanced volunteering behavior b. Increased creativity c. Accurate assumptions d. Individual task satisfaction

b. Increased creativity

Which of the following statements regarding negotiations between Japanese and American parties is MOST correct? a. Japanese negotiators have a higher tolerance for conflict as a way of working through issues than their American counterparts. b. Japanese negotiators tend to be very difficult to 'read' because they are very stoic and unemotional compared to their American counterparts. c. American negotiators like to establish a strong relationship first while Japanese negotiators like to "get down to business". d. Japanese negotiators reveal more information during negotiations than their American counterparts.

b. Japanese negotiators tend to be very difficult to 'read' because they are very stoic and unemotional compared to their American counterparts.

At Amazon, what is the purpose of the "Two Pizza Rule"? a. Promote competition: Managers get two pizzas to award to the employees who worked the hardest each month. b. Promote constructive conflict: Teams should be small enough that they can be fed with just two pizzas. c. Control spending: Team lunches cannot be more than the cost of two pizzas. d. Motivate employees: Anyone with a successful new idea gets a coupon for two free pizzas.

b. Promote constructive conflict: Teams should be small enough that they can be fed with just two pizzas.

If there is conflict between two members of a team and the underlying reason for the conflict is personality differences, which is the most viable way of managing the organizational conflict? a. Focus their attention on a different teammate who is a common enemy of the two clashing team members. b. Take a majority vote on which individual is causing more issues on the team. c. Change the structure of the organization. d. Change the composition of the team by separating the individuals at odds.

d. Change the composition of the team by separating the individuals at odds.

In which of the following scenarios are you MOST likely to experience conflict? a. Self-awareness exercises have been completed and 25% of the team members were categorized as Type A. b. The firm just instituted a matrix structure to focus on the company's strategy to maximize both efficiency and customer satisfaction. c. Interdepartmental meetings have just been concluded resulting in a different list of goals for each department that are aligned with the company's strategy. d. Resources within the firm are relatively plentiful and most departments in the organization are seeing a modest increase in their annual budget.

b. The firm just instituted a matrix structure to focus on the company's strategy to maximize both efficiency and customer satisfaction.

Lyle is a member of a union. His supervisor gave Lyle a three-day suspension for not wearing protective shoes on the manufacturing floor. Lyle appealed the suspension and the plant manager refused to rescind it. The union wants to appeal this decision to a neutral third party for a ruling. What procedure does the union want to utilize? a. mediation b. arbitration c. accommodation d. negotiation

b. arbitration

Nicholas is the production manager for a manufacturing firm. He has two supervisors who are experiencing conflict with each other based upon personality differences. Nicholas should have held a meeting last week to discuss next year's budget, but cancelled it because the two supervisors had a verbal confrontation on the shop floor the previous day and he wanted them to have time to cool off before discussing such an important topic. What conflict handling style is Nicholas demonstrating? a. Accommodation b. Compromise c. Avoidance d. Collaboration

c. Avoidance

Maris Manufacturing is a unionized company producing customized metal units for the appliance and medical equipment industries. Each contract negotiation is a contentious affair for the union and management. However, over the past few months both union and management officials have become very concerned about the number of Maris union employees who are experiencing alcohol-related issues; last month alone, six employees incurred significant expenses for the company's self-funded medical plan. Union officials have asked management to meet next week to discuss adding an Employee Assistance Plan to current collective bargaining agreement. This is an example of what conflict handling style? a. Compromise b. Accommodation c. Collaboration d. Competition

c. Collaboration

One approach to deal with intragroup conflict is remembered with the acronym LEAD, which stands for ________. a. Localize, Eliminate, Avoid, Deny b. Listen, Evade, Accommodate, Divert attention c. Listen, Empathize, Acknowledge, Do something d. Listen, Empathize, Apologize, Do nothing

c. Listen, Empathize, Acknowledge, Do something

According to a 1992 study, the influence tactic that works most effectively in organizations that value democratic decision making is a. pressure. b. coalition c. consultation. d. ingratiation.

c. consultation.

A mediator should enter a negotiation when a. personal differences are detected. b. the parties are only talking for short periods of time and tension is rising. c. the parties are unable to find a solution themselves. d. a quick resolution is desired but not imperative.

c. the parties are unable to find a solution themselves.

People's tendencies to behave consistently with social norms is conformity. power. culture. dependency.

conformity.

You are a new supervisor and your mentor suggests that you should normalize conflict within your team. Why would she say that? a. The team should exhibit greater creativity, consider a broader range of ideas, and challenge long-standing assumptions which may no longer apply. b. Allowing employees to disagree without fear of reprisal mitigates common adverse personal impacts of conflict, such as anxiety and feeling demeaned. c. If people are suppressing their difference in opinions regarding their tasks, the final result many not be the best solution. d. All of the above.

d. All of the above

Which of the following components is part of Toyota's TPS manufacturing system? a. Kaizen, the idea of continuous improvement. b. Kanban, just-in-time production. c. Andon Cord, employees can stop the operation if they see an issue. d. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

Which of the following is NOT a recommended step in negotiating a higher salary for yourself? a. Get the facts. b. Overcome your fear. c. Listen more than you talk. d. Begin with an aggressive first offer.

d. Begin with an aggressive first offer.

Which of the following statements regarding ethics and negotiations is accurate? a. Use of "hardball" tactics and deception in negotiation is fair game; everyone knows going in that the goal is to get all you can for your side. b. A party who feels you are angry and about to walk out will always be more likely to make concessions. c. Watch for deception in aspects of the negotiation that aren't very important, but no one would be deceptive in things that would lead to a big difference; they wouldn't want the court battle that would result. d. Keep in mind that you might have to interact with the other party in the future, so don't ruin the relationship with legal but ethically questionable actions.

d. Keep in mind that you might have to interact with the other party in the future, so don't ruin the relationship with legal but ethically questionable actions.

Which of the following statements are true with regard to determining your best alternative to a negotiated agreement (BATNA)? a. The party with the less favorable BATNA is in the best negotiating position since there is more to gain. b. You should reveal your BATNA to the other party so that they reveal their BATNA; this will greatly shorten the time spent in negotiations. c. You should only negotiate if your BATNA is unacceptable. d. None of these.

d. None of these.

In which of the following scenarios would you expect high performance? a. The two members of the team are constantly bickering. One never says anything without the other disagreeing. b. The three partners have an interesting relationship. Partner A is almost always in agreement with Partner B, but fights constantly with Partner C. Partners B and C get along at times and fight at times. c. The five team members never have a negative word to say to each other; there never seems to be any conflict on the team. d. The team members seem to get along well enough, but on occasion they will argue about some issues.

d. The team members seem to get along well enough, but on occasion they will argue about some issues.

Which of the following statements is true regarding impression management? a. You can begin managing your impression as soon as your first day of work. b. You cannot actively shape the way people perceive you. c. At work, the most effective approach to impression management is to build credibility and be the person you want to be. d. Whether you are actively managing your image or not, people are forming impressions of you.

d. Whether you are actively managing your image or not, people are forming impressions of you.

All of the following statements regarding reasons employees resist change are correct EXCEPT a. those who feel they can perform well under a new system will be more committed than those who have lower b. confidence in their ability to perform. we are creatures of habit. c. feelings of uncertainty create stress. d. people with a negative self-concept view change as an opportunity to improve because there is nowhere to go but up.

d. people with a negative self-concept view change as an opportunity to improve because there is nowhere to go but up.

Which of the following statements regarding the Asch studies is accurate? 1. The majority of participants conformed with the group even though they would have chosen a

different (correct) answer, unless there were at least some other participants who chose that correct answer.

The IRS (Internal Revenue Service) has many rules and regulations with regard to tax code and the filing of returns. The organization is large and very bureaucratic. If an individual has issues with the agency, getting it resolved is a laborious process filled with "red tape" and takes an extensive amount of time and patience to resolve. The IRS has a _________ culture. stable outcome-oriented vindictive people-oriented

stable