OB Chp 8
transfer of training
occurs when the knowledge, skills and behaviors used on the job are maintained by the learner once training ends and generalized to the workplace one the learner returns to the job.
self-serving bias
occurs when we attribute our own failures to external factors and our own successes to internal factors.
rational decision-making model
offers a step-by-step approach to making the decision,taking into account all involved parties.
punishment
when an unwanted outcome follows an unwanted behavior.
negative reinforcement
when an unwanted outcome is removed following a desired behavior.
stereotype
when assumptions are made about other on the basis of their membership in a social group.
consensus
when others act the same way under similar situations
extinction
when there is removal of a consequence following an unwanted behavior.
nonprogrammed decision
when a situation arises that is new,complex and not recognized
crisis situation
a change whether sudden or evolving that results in an urgent problem that must be addressed immediately.
climate transfer
an environment that can support the use of new skills.
fundamental attribution error
argues that people have a tendency to judge others behaviors as due to internal factors.
social learning theory
argues that people in organizations have the ability to learn through the observation of others.
learning orientation
building competence is deemed more important than demonstrating their competence so that others think favorably of them.
programmed decisions
decisions that become somewhat automatic because peoples knowledge allows them to recognize and identify a situation and the course of action that needs to be taken.
intuition
described as emotionally charge judgements that arise through quick, non-conscious, and holistic associations.
variable interval schedules
designed to reinforce behavior at more random points in time.
behavioral modeling
employees observe the actions of others, learn from what they observe, and then repeat the observed behavior.
behavior modeling training
ensure that employees have the ability to observe and learn from those in the company with significant amounts of tacit knowledge.
performance-prove orientation
focus on demonstrating their competence so that others think favorably of them.
knowledge transfer
from their older, experienced workers to their younger employees
communities of practice
groups of employees who work together and learn from one another by collaborating over an extended period of time.
social identity theory
holds that people identify themselves by the group to which they belong and perceive and judge others by their group memberships.
explicit knowledge
information you're likely to think about when you picture someone sitting down at a desk to learn.
bounded rationality
is the notion that decision makers simply do not have the ability or resources to process all available information and alternatives to make an optimal decision.
expertise
knowledge and skills that distinguish experts from novices and less experienced people.
positive reinforcement
positive outcome follows a desired behavior.
contingencies of reinforcement
positive reinforcement, extinction, punishment, negative reinforcement
learning
reflects relatively permanent changes in an employees knowledge or skill that result from experience.
fixed ratio schedules
reinforce behavior after a certain number of them have been exhibited.
training
represents a systematic effort by organizations to facilitate the learning of job related knowledge and behavior.
satisficing
results when decision makers select the first acceptable alternative considered
variable ratio schedule
reward people after a varying number of exhibited behaviors.
heuristics
simple, efficient, rules of thumb that allow us to make decisions more easily.
continuous reinforcement
simplest schedule and happens when a specific consequence follows each and every occurrence of a desired behavior.
fixed interval schedule
single most common form or reinforcement schedule.
schedules of reinforcement
summary of the five schedule of reinforcement.
distinctiveness
tends to act differently in other circumstances
projection bias
the belief that others, think, feel, and act the same way they do.
escalation of commitment
the decision to continue to follow a failing course of action
decision making
the process of generating and choosing from a set of alternatives to solve a problem.
availability bias
the tendency for people to base their judgement on information that is easier to recall.
selective perception
the tendency for people to see their environment only as it affects them and as it is consistent with their expectation.
tacit knowledge
what employees can typically learn only though experience.
consistency
when a person always does the same thing when performing a task
