OBC1 ch9

You decide to get rid of your boyfriend or girlfriend by refusing to answer his/her phone calls. You are using a(n) _____ strategy to end the relationship.

extinction. Explanation: Extinction can be used to shape behavior when we are attempting to make a behavior occur less often by ignoring or not reinforcing it. This is the technique being described in the question.

Money is an example of a(n) _____ reward.

extrinsic. Explanation: Extrinsic rewards are financial, material, or social rewards that come from the environment while intrinsic rewards are the self-granted or psychic rewards. Money is a financial reward that comes from outside of the individual.

Personal feelings of self-esteem are an example of an extrinsic reward.

false. Explanation: Financial, material, and social rewards qualify as extrinsic rewards because they come from the environment. Psychic rewards, however, are intrinsic rewards because they are self-granted.

Hourly pay is an example of a variable interval reinforcement schedule.

false. Explanation: Hourly pay and annual salary paid on a regular basis are examples of intermittent reinforcements that have a fixed interval.

According to the guidelines for SMART goals, the more vague the goal the more effective it is.

false. Explanation: Whether goals are imposed or, preferably, set participatively via a free exchange with one's manager, they should be "SMART." SMART is an acronym for specific, measurable, attainable, results-oriented, and time-bound.

Employees with a clear _____ understand the organization's strategic goals and know what actions they need to take, both individually and as team members.

line of sight. Explanation: Employees with a clear line of sight understand the organization's strategic goals and know what actions they need to take, both individually and as team members.

Distributing rewards based on how well an employee cooperates with other employees is an example of the _____ distribution criteria.

performance/actions and behaviors. Explanation: A distribution system using performance based on actions and behaviors include teamwork, cooperation, risk taking, etc.

Reflexively withdrawing one's hand from a hot stove is an example of:

respondent behavior. Explanation: According to Skinner, operant behaviors are learned, consequence-shaped behavior whereas respondent behaviors are unlearned stimulus-response reflexes. Withdrawing our hand from a hot stove is a reflex.

An individual's goal orientation is an important individual difference to consider when setting goals.

true. Explanation: An individual's goal orientation is an important individual difference to consider when setting goals. Three types of goal orientations are: a learning goal orientation, a performance-prove goal orientation and a performance-avoid goal orientation.

Rewarding an employee based on his or her seniority is an example of a reward based on nonperformance criteria.

true. Explanation: Nonperformance considerations are customary or contractual, where the type of job, nature of the work, equity, tenure, level in hierarchy, and so forth are rewarded.