OBGYN- Chapter 27: The Fetal Heart and Chest

The most common form of diaphragmatic hernia is the: a) Foramen of Mrgagni b) Foramen of Magendie c) Foramen of Luschka d) Foramen of Bochdalek

Foramen of Bochdalek

Aortic atresia

abnormality in which there is a small or absent opening between the left ventricle and aorta

The tricuspid valve is located: a) Between the right atrium and the left atrium b) Between the right ventricle and the right atrium c) Between the left ventricle and the left atrium d) Between the left atrium and the aorta

b) Between the right ventricle and the right atrium

The narrowing of the aortic arch is indicative of: a) Tetralogy of Fallot b) Coarctation of the aorta c) Ebstein anomaly d) Hypoplastic right heart syndrome

b) Coarctation of the aorta

The visualization of the fetal stomach within the fetal chest is most indicative of: a) Pulmonary sequestration b) Diaphragmatic hernia c) Turner syndrome d) CAM

b) Diaphragmatic hernia

What is the fetal shunt that connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch? a) Foramen ovale b) Ductus arteriosis c) Ductus venosis d) Foramen of Bochdalek

b) Ductus arteriosis

What is the opening located right anteromedially within the diaphragm? a) Foramen of Bochdalek b) Foramen of Morgagni c) Foramen of Monro d) Foramen ovale

b) Foramen of Morgagni

All of the following are sonographic features of pentalogy of Cantrell except: a) Omphalocele b) Gastroschisis c) Cleft sternum d) Diaphragmatic defect

b) Gastroschisis

The mitral valve is located: a) Between the right atrium and the left atrium b) Between the right ventricle and the right atrium c) Between the left ventricle and the left atrium d) Between the left atrium and the aorta

c) Between the left ventricle and the left atrium

A coexisting pericardial effusion and a pleural effusion is consistent with the diagnosis of: a) Tetralogy of Fallot b) Pentalogy of Cantrell c) Fetal hydrops d) Potter syndrome

c) Fetal hydrops

What is the normal opening in the lower middle third of the atrial septum? a) Foramen of Magendie b) Foramen of Monro c) Foramen ovale d) Ductus arteriosus

c) Foramen ovale

A group of anomalies characterized by a small or an absent left ventricle is: a) Turner syndrome b) Hypoplastic right heart syndrome c) Hypoplastic left heart syndrome d) Coarctation of the aorta

c) Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

All of the following are sonographic signs of Ebstein anomaly except: a) Enlarged right atrium b) Fetal hydrops c) Narrowing of the aortic arch d) Malpositioned tricuspid valve

c) Narrowing of the aortic arch

The sonographic "bat-wing" sign is indicative of: a) Pericardial effusion b) Pulmonary atresia c) Pleural effusion d) Endocardial cushion defects

c) Pleural effusion

The moderator band is located within the: a) Right atrium b) Left atrium c) Right ventricle d) Left ventricle

c) Right ventricle

The most common sonographic appearance of pulmonary sequestration is a (n): a) Dilated pulmonary artery and hypoechoic chest mass b) Pleural effusion and ipsilateral hiatal hernia c) Triangular, echogenic mass within the chest d) Anechoic mass within the chest

c) Triangular, echogenic mass within the chest

The fetal heart is fully formed by: a) 2 weeks b) 4 weeks c) 8 weeks d) 10 weeks

d) 10 weeks

The condition in which the heart is located outside the chest wall is termed: a) CAM b) Coarctation of the heart c) Cardiac sequestration d) Ectopic cordis

d) Ectopic cordis

An EIF is most often seen within the: a) Right atrium b) left atrium c) Right ventricle d) Left ventricle

d) Left ventricle

Eventration of the diaphragm is best described as: a) A lack of muscle in the dome of the diaphragm b) A defect in the anterior lateral wall of the diaphragm c) A defect in the posterolateral wall of the diaphragm d) Congenital absence of the diaphragm

a) A lack of muscle in the dome of the diaphragm

The most common cause of cardiac malposition is: a) Diaphragmatic hernia b) Omphalocele c) Grastoschisis d) Pulmonary hypoplasia

a) Diaphragmatic hernia

What structure shunts blood into the IVC from the umbilical vein? a) Ductus venosus b) Ductus arteriosus c) Foramen ovale d) Foramen of Luschka

a) Ductus venosus

Fetal lung maturity can be assessed using the: a) LS ratio b) Systolic to diastolic ratio c) Estriol to alpha-fetoprotein ratio d) Lung size formula

a) LS ratio

What is described as the absence of the pulmonary valve, which in turn prohibits blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and essentially to the lungs: a) Pulmonary atresia b) Pulmonary stenosis c) Pulmonary sequestration d) Pulmonary effusion

a) Pulmonary atresia

The most common fetal cardiac tumor is the: a) Rhabdomyoma b) Chordae tendineae c) Cardiomyoma d) CAM

a) Rhabdomyoma

An EIF would most likely be associated with: a) Trisomy 21 b) Trisomy 13 c) Trisomy 8 d) Turner syndrome

a) Trisomy 21

The embryonic heart begins as: a) Two tubes b) Four tubes c) Eight tubes d) One tube

a) Two tubes

Atrioventricular defect

abnormal development of the central portion of the heart; also referred to as endocardial cushion defect

A group of anomalies characterized by a small or an absent right ventricle is: a) Turner syndrome b) Hypoplastic right heart syndrome c) Hypoplastic left heart syndrome d) Coarctation of the aorta

b) Hypoplastic right heart syndrome

The blood returning from the lungs through the pulmonary veins enters into the: a) Right atrium b) Left atrium c) Right ventricle d) Left ventricle

b) Left atrium

A separate mass of nonfunctioning fetal lung tissue is referred to as: a) Pulmonary adenomatoid malformation b) Pulmonary sequestration c) CAM d) Bat wing sign

b) Pulmonary sequestration

Which of the following best describes transposition of the great vessels? a) The aorta arises from the left ventricle, and the pulmonary artery arises from the right ventricle b) The aorta arises from the right ventricle, and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle c) The aortic arch is narrowed and positioned anterior to the pulmonary vein d) The presence of an omphalocele and ectopic cordis

b) The aorta arises from the right ventricle, and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle

Which statement is true concerning fetal outflow tracts? a) The normal pulmonary artery should be positioned posterior to the aorta and should be visualized passing under it b) The normal pulmonary artery should be positioned anterior to the aorta and should be visualized crossing over it c) The right ventricular outflow tract leads to the aorta d) The left ventricular outflow tract leads to the pulmonary artery

b) The normal pulmonary artery should be positioned anterior to the aorta and should be visualized crossing over it

Which of the following are fetal rhabdomyomas associated with? a) Tracheoesophageal fistulas b) Tuberous sclerosis c) Eventration of the diaphragm d) Tuberculosis

b) Tuberous sclerosis

What is an opening within the septum that separates the right and the left ventricles? a) Endocardial cushion b) Tricuspid regeneration c) VSD d) ASD

c) VSD

Tetralogy of Fallot consists of all of the following except: a) Overriding aortic root b) VSD c) Pulmonary stenosis d) Left ventricle hypertrophy

d) Left ventricle hypertrophy

The accumulation of fluid around the lungs is termed: a) Ascites b) Extracorporeal effusion c) Peripleural fluid d) Pleural effusion

d) Pleural effusion

What is the term for underdevelopment of the lungs? a) Pulmonary atresia b) Pulmonary stenosis c) Pulmonary agenesis d) Pulmonary hypoplasia

d) Pulmonary hypoplasia

Which of the following is a true statement about the fetal heart? a) The apex of the heart will be angled to the right of the midline b) The apex of the heart is the portion closest to the spine c) The normal fetal heart will fit approximately two-third of the fetal chest d) The chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium

d) The chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium

Which of the following is not a true statement about the normal fetal heart? a) The ventricular septum should be uninterrupted and of equal thickness to the left ventricular wall b) There is a normal opening within the atrial septum c) Between the right ventricle and the right atrium, one should visualize the tricuspid valve d) The mitral valve is positioned closer to the cardiac apex than the tricuspid valve

d) The mitral valve is positioned closer to the cardiac apex than the tricuspid valve

Which of the following is considered to be the most common cardiac defect? a) Hypoplastic right heart syndrome b) Transposition of the great vessels c) Hypoplastic left heart syndrome d) VSD

d) VSD

The normal heart will fill approximately ___ of the fetal chest: a) one half b) one-fourth c) one-fifth d) one-third

d) one-third

Bat-wing sign

the sonographic appearance of a fetal unilateral pleural effusion