OBHR Exam 1

Creative task performance involves employee responses to task demands that are novel, unusual, or, at the very least, unpredictable.

False, Creative task performance is the degree to which individuals develop ideas or physical outcomes that are both novel and useful. Adaptive task performance involves employee responses to task demands that are novel, unusual, or, at the very least, unpredictable.

Human resource management focuses on the product choices and industry characteristics that affect an organization's profitability.

False, Human resource management takes the theories and principles studied in OB and explores the "nuts-and-bolts" applications of those principles in organizations.

Job satisfaction is negatively correlated with citizenship behavior.

False, Job satisfaction has a moderate positive correlation with citizenship behavior. Satisfied employees engage in more frequent "extra mile" behaviors to help their coworkers and their organization.

_____ possess high commitment and low task performance but perform many of the voluntary "extra-role" activities that are needed to make the organization function smoothly.

Citizens

Group mechanisms include organizational structure and organizational culture.

False, Organizational structure and organizational culture are organizational mechanisms. Group mechanisms include leadership styles and behaviors and team processes and characteristics.

Responsibility for outcomes reflects the degree to which work tasks are viewed as something that "counts" in the employee's system of philosophies and beliefs.

False, Responsibility for outcomes captures the degree to which employees feel that they're key drivers of the quality of the unit's work. Sometimes employees feel like their efforts don't really matter because work outcomes are dictated by effective procedures, efficient technologies, or more influential colleagues.

The "dead man's curve" and "rank and yank" are nicknames for behaviorally anchored rating scales.

False, The "dead man's curve" and "rank and yank" are nicknames for forced ranking.

__________ refers to the people, places and things that inspire a desire to remain part of an organization.

Focus of commitment

Which of the following is true of organizational behavior?

It is a field of study devoted to understanding the attitudes and behaviors of individuals and groups in organizations.

Which of the following is true of diversity in the workplace?

Diversity makes it more challenging to retain valued employees by reducing affective and continuance commitment.

The Rule of One-Eighth states that at best 8 percent of all organizations will actually do what is required to build profits by putting people first.

False, 12 percent

Citizens possess low levels of both organizational commitment and task performance and exert the minimum level of effort needed to keep their jobs.

False, Citizens possess low levels of task performance but high commitment, and may perform many of the voluntary "extra-role" activities that are needed to make the organization function smoothly.

_____ refers to how you feel about your work and what you think about your work.

Job satisfaction

Organizational commitment is defined as the desire on the part of an employee to remain a member of the organization.

True

People of the Type A Behavior Pattern add to the creation of a stressful environment.

True

Role conflict, role ambiguity, and role overload are all examples of work hindrance stressors.

True

Satisfaction with the work itself reflects employees' feelings about their actual work tasks and has the strongest influence on overall job satisfaction.

True

Showing new employees the ropes when they first arrive on the job is an example of interpersonal citizenship behavior.

True

Socially complex resources like culture, teamwork, trust, and reputation add value to an organization.

True

The definition of job performance encompasses only positive behaviors, not negative ones.

True

Employee responses to task demands that are novel, unusual, or unpredictable are known as

adaptive task performance.

In the method of _____ way of knowing things, people hold firmly to some belief because some respected official, agency, or source has said it is so.

authority

Which of the following is an example of a cognitive method of emotion-focused coping?

avoiding

How does job satisfaction positively affect job performance?

by increasing task performance

Changes in the workplace over the last few decades can be summed up as a(n)

move away from physical, industrial jobs toward knowledge work and service work.

Spending money to train and develop employees is a means of fostering

normative commitment.

Which of the following is an example of a daily hassle?

office equipment malfunctions

One of the reasons why job performance should be defined only in terms of behaviors, and not in terms of results, is that results are

often influenced by factors that are beyond the employee's control.

Which of the following is an individual characteristic of employees that improves individual mechanisms such as stress and motivation?

personality

Which one of the following is an example of a nonwork challenge stressor?

positive life events

Which of the five satisfaction facets is most likely to be viewed as undesirable by an employee?

promotion satisfaction

Which of the following is an example of a positive emotion?

relief

Well-known responses to demands that occur in a normal, predictable way are known as

routine task performance.

Which of the following is a characteristic trait of a bad coworker?

seems to always be looking for something else, even if it is not better

Maintaining a good attitude with coworkers, even when they have done something annoying or when the unit is going through tough times, is known as

sportsmanship.

A sabbatical involves

taking time off from work to engage in an alternative activity.

Job satisfaction is an individual mechanism that captures what employees feel when thinking about their jobs and doing their day-to-day work.

True

Which of the following describes an emotion?

"I hate peanut butter and jelly sandwiches."

_____is the use of work time and resources to complete something other than job duties, such as assignments for another job.

Moonlighting

Which of the following statements is an expression of normative commitment?

My organization gave me my start . . . they hired me when others thought I was not qualified.

Mentally "checking out" and going through the motions at work is a reaction known as

Neglect

Which of the following is true according to the Rule of One-Eighth?

One-half of the firms that make comprehensive changes will persist with their practices long enough to actually derive economic benefits.

_____ is an example of a behavioral strain resulting from prolonged stress.

Overeating

Norcraft, Inc. usually moves new employees to a higher position within a year and fills most of its higher-level positions internally, resulting in a satisfied workforce as well as cost saving through lower turnover of employees. Which facet of job satisfaction has Norcraft fostered?

Promotion Satisfaction

Which of the following is true of stress?

Stress depends on both the nature of the demand and the person who confronts it.

Which of the following is a consequence of high job identity?

The employee feels annoyed about not getting a job finished.

well as the conditions in which they should (and should not) be related.

Theories

Which of the following describes the relationship between challenge stressors and job performance?

There is a weak positive correlation.

If a scatter plot comparing two variables results in a straight line, which of the following best describes the correlation between the two variables?

They show a perfect correlation of 1.0.

_____ contracts are based on a narrow set of specific monetary obligations.

Transactional

According to the erosion model of organizational commitment, the employee with the fewest emotional bonds is the most likely to quit.

True

Affective commitment is defined as a desire to remain a member of an organization due to an emotional attachment to, and involvement with, that organization.

True

An employee with a high Vwant value in an organization supplying him or her with a low Vhave value is dissatisfied if the value is important to the employee.

True

Attitude surveys can be used to explore the effectiveness of major job changes.

True

Benign job demands are job demands that tend not to be appraised as stressful.

True

Emotion-focused coping is used by employees when they feel they have no control over the stressful environment.

True

Employees who experience higher levels of challenge stressors also tend to have higher levels of job performance and organizational commitment.

True

Sabotage is a form of property deviance that represents the purposeful destruction of physical equipment, organizational processes, or company products.

True, Property deviance refers to behaviors that harm the organization's assets and possessions. For example, sabotage represents the purposeful destruction of physical equipment, organizational processes, or company products.

Psychological contracts are beliefs about reciprocal obligations influenced by the recruitment and socialization activities that employees experience.

True, Psychological contracts reflect employees' beliefs about what they owe the organization and what the organization owes them. These contracts are shaped by the recruitment and socialization activities that employees experience, which often convey promises and expectations that shape beliefs about reciprocal obligations.

Which of the following best explains why the Type A Behavior Pattern is often seen in leaders and senior managers?

Type A people have traits valued by organizations.

Which of the following is specifically identified with job significance?

a sense of value to society

The scientific method begins with

a theory

Which of the following conditions describes a physiological strain?

a weakening of the immune system

Organizations identify the behaviors that underlie task performance by

conducting a job analysis.

A management philosophy that bases an employee's evaluations on whether the employee achieves specific, mutually agreed-upon performance goals is known as

management by objectives.

Which of the following is a "hidden cost" of employee turnover?

decreased morale

Which of the following is responsible for the fluctuation of job satisfaction that occurs within a day?

employees' emotions

Which of the following is the most widely used supportive practice among small, medium, and large companies?

flextime

An example of political deviance is

gossip

Serious interpersonal counterproductive behaviors include

harrasement

With regard to the value-percept theory, which of the following conditions for a value would result in a high level of employee dissatisfaction?

high Vwant, low Vhave, and high Vimportance

Which of the following is something a company could do to foster bonding and affective commitment?

hold a weekly "employee appreciation" party

Interpersonal citizenship behavior

is particularly important in a small group context.

Which of the following qualities of an organization adds to the value of its resources by making it inimitable?

its people

Which one of the following is an individual outcome of interest to organizational behavior researchers?

job performance