oce1001 ch 2

Which of the following is characteristic of oceanic-oceanic convergent plate boundaries? A) hot spots B) volcanic island arcs C) fracture zones D) mid-ocean ridges

B) volcanic island arcs

Where do magnetic field lines exit the Earth today? at the equator at the South Pole at the North Pole

at the South Pole

In general, what are the Himalayan mountains composed of? folded and faulted rock folded and bent rock faulted and broken rock extrusive volcanic rock

folded and faulted rock

Which phenomenon can explain the presence of volcanoes in the middle of the Pacific Ocean? earthquakes hot spots divergence subduction transform motion

hot spots

Consider the geologic fate of the following seamounts and islands in the Hawaiian Island-Emperor Seamount chain. Assuming conditions remain favorable for coral growth, which would most likely be the next to form an atoll? Oahu Maui Hawaii Loihi Kauai

kuaui

Which mountain belt lies to the north of India? the Cascades the Andes the Himalayas the Rockies the Alps

the Himalayas

Complete this statement: Divergence is to moving away as convergence is to _______. moving over moving toward moving side-by-side moving under

moving toward

Which of the following mountain ranges are examples of continental arcs? A) Andes and Cascades B) Andes and Hawaii C) East African Rift and Hawaii D) East African Rift and Cascades

A) Andes and Cascades

Which of the following statements about coral reefs and seamounts is most accurate? A) Coral reefs at the ocean surface grow away from seamounts over time. B) Seamounts at the ocean surface grow towards coral reefs over time. C) Seamounts at the ocean surface grow away from coral reefs over time. D) Coral reefs at the ocean surface grow towards seamounts over time.

A) Coral reefs at the ocean surface grow away from seamounts over time.

Of the following statements about sea floor magnetic anomalies, which is true? Select only one answer. A) They are oriented parallel to the mid-ocean ridge. B) They are oriented perpendicular to deep sea trenches. C) They are oriented perpendicular to the mid-ocean ridge. D) They are oriented parallel to all mountain ranges. E) They are oriented perpendicular to all mountain ranges.

A) They are oriented parallel to the mid-ocean ridge.

Tectonic plates are pieces of the ________ that float on the more fluid ________ below. A) lithosphere; asthenosphere B) crust; lithosphere C) asthenosphere; lithosphere D) mantle; crust E) lithosphere; mesosphere

A) lithosphere; asthenosphere

What did the surface of Earth look like 600 million years ago? A) one large continent surrounded by ocean B) many small islands surrounded by magma C) one large continent surrounded by magma D) many small islands surrounded by ocean

A) one large continent surrounded by ocean

Sea floor spreading along the axis of an oceanic ridge results in symmetrical patterns of all of the following EXCEPT ______________. A) the location of subduction zones B) the age of the sea floor C) the paleomagnetic record D) the depth of the sea floor E) the flow of heat through the crust

A) the location of subduction zones

Which of the following lines of evidence did Alfred Wegener use to support the concept of drifting continents? Choose all that apply. A) the pattern of similar mountain belts on different continents B) the distribution of species of fossils C) the composition of meteors from outer space D) the way the shapes of the continents fit together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle E) evidence of glaciers in areas that are now tropical

A) the pattern of similar mountain belts on different continents B) the distribution of species of fossils D) the way the shapes of the continents fit together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle E) evidence of glaciers in areas that are now tropical

Which of the following is characteristic of continental-continental convergent plate boundaries? A) uplifted mountain ranges B) volcanic island arcs C) hot spots D) mid-ocean ridges

A) uplifted mountain ranges

Tectonic plates move about as fast as ________. A) your fingernails grow B) grass grows in the summer C) a snail crawls D) a river flows E) a child crawls

A) your fingernails grow

Compared to the rest of the planet, an unusually high concentration of hot spots and rifting is located on the continent of Africa. A likely explanation for this is that __________. A) mantle plumes do not occur at divergent plate boundaries, and Africa has no divergent plate boundaries B) the African Plate is essentially stationary with respect to Earth's interior and the thick continental crust acts as a "heat blanket" C) the thick continental crust acts as a "heat blanket" and a large portion of Africa is located near the equator D) a large portion of Africa is located near the equator Africa is just very large

B) the African Plate is essentially stationary with respect to Earth's interior and the thick continental crust acts as a "heat blanket"

Why did Heezen and Tharp have to do "inspired guessing" when creating their maps of the ocean floor? A) They were limited by the mapping technology of the time. B) They were given only a small portion of the depth data by the Navy. The rest was classified. C) There were gaps in the data that were used to make the map because the tracks of the ships collecting the data were widely spaced. D) Data could not be collected for parts of the ocean that were greater than 10,000 feet deep. E) The data they used came from tracks of ships that overlapped each other.

C) There were gaps in the data that were used to make the map because the tracks of the ships collecting the data were widely spaced.

On average, how long do periods of reverse and normal polarity last? A) about 50,000 years B) about 100,000 years C) about 500,000 years D) about 1 million years

C) about 500,000 years

The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of a: A) convergent plate boundary (oceanic-oceanic). B) transform fault boundary. C) divergent plate boundary. D) convergent plate boundary (continent-continent). E) convergent plate boundary (continent-oceanic).

C) divergent plate boundary.

Plates move apart at __________ boundaries, move together at __________ boundaries, and move side-by-side at __________ boundaries. A) convergent/divergent/transform B) convergent/transform/divergent C) divergent/convergent/transform D) transform/convergent/divergent E) transform/divergent/convergent

C) divergent/convergent/transform

Which geologic features are associated with convergent boundaries? A) ocean trenches and continental rift valleys B) mid-ocean ridges and volcanoes C) ocean trenches and volcanoes D) mid-ocean ridges and continental rift valleys

C) ocean trenches and volcanoes

The study of historical changes of continental shapes and positions is called: A) sedimentology. B) paleoclimatology. C) paleogeography. D) paleomagnetism.

C) paleogeography.

What prompted the first widespread mapping of the ocean floor? A) The sinking of the Titanic B) Conflicts over maritime (ocean) territorial claims during the 1970s C) The creation of NASA D) The importance of submarine warfare during World War II E) The laying of undersea telegraph lines between the United States and Europe

D) The importance of submarine warfare during World War II

As Heezen and Tharp interpreted the ocean depth data, they identified what unusual feature that hinted at continental drift? A) They discovered a chain of very tall volcanoes in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean that do not rise higher than the sea surface. B) Ocean ridges abruptly stop after a few hundred kilometers and then start again after a few hundred more. C) Ocean ridges are unique to the Pacific Ocean. D) The oceanic ridges have a cleft, or rift, in the middle rather than a peak. E) The oceanic ridges have a broad, flat top very much resembling a table top.

D) The oceanic ridges have a cleft, or rift, in the middle rather than a peak

Which of the following is an example of an oceanic-oceanic divergent plate boundary? San Andreas Fault Aleutian Islands Red Sea Mendocino Fault East Pacific Rise

East Pacific Rise

Seafloor depth was first determined by what remote sensing technology? Lidar Satellites Radar Echo sounder Aerial photography

Echo sounder

Based on paleogeographic records, _____________. A ) India separated from Antarctica before North B ) America was located at the equator C ) the North Atlantic opened before North America was located at the equator D ) India separated from Antarctica before the continents came together as Pangaea E ) the continents came together as Pangaea before North America was located at the equator F ) the North Atlantic opened before India separated from Antarctica

F ) the North Atlantic opened before India separated from Antarctica

Which of the following is an example of a continental-continental divergent plate boundary? Andes Mountains Mendocino Fault Red Sea Himalaya Mountains San Andreas Fault

Himalaya Mountains

Where do coral reefs exist with sea mounts? In polar latitudes In both polar and tropical latitudes In tropical latitudes

In tropical latitudes

Which of the following tectonic plates are oceanic? Choose all that apply. North American Plate Eurasian Plate Nazca Plate Pacific Plate African Plate

Nazca Plate & Pacific Plate

Why didn't India subduct under Asia? The two continents have different mass. The two continents have different densities. The two continents have similar mass. The two continents have similar densities.

The two continents have similar densities.

Did any subduction occur during the collision of India and Asia? A) Yes; another continent between these two continents subducted under Asia. B) Yes; ocean basin between these two continents subducted under Asia. C) Yes; ocean basin between these two continents subducted under India. D) Yes; a continent between these two continents subducted under India.

Yes; ocean basin between these two continents subducted under Asia.

Which type of plate boundary exists between India and Asia today? a convergent boundary a subduction zone a transform boundary a divergent zone

a convergent boundary

Which type of plate boundary is most closely associated with uplifting continental regions and mountain building? divergent boundaries transform boundaries convergent boundaries hot spot boundaries

convergent boundaries

To find the largest area of the ocean with the oldest ocean crust, you should go to the ________. western Pacific eastern Pacific northern Atlantic southern Ocean near Australia

western Pacific

How are Earth's geographic and magnetic axes oriented relative to each other? A) Earth's geographic and magnetic axes are oriented at a slight angle to each other. B) Earth's geographic and magnetic poles are nearly perpendicular. C) Earth's geographic and magnetic poles are oriented in opposite directions. D) Earth's geographic and magnetic axes are oriented identically.

A) Earth's geographic and magnetic axes are oriented at a slight angle to each other.

Which of the following statements is most accurate? A) Prior to 30 million years ago, Tibet was a much thinner landmass than it is today. B) Prior to 30 million years ago, Tibet was a much denser landmass than it is today. C) Prior to 30 million years ago, Tibet was a much thicker landmass than it is today. D) Prior to 30 million years ago, Tibet was a much less dense landmass than it is today.

A) Prior to 30 million years ago, Tibet was a much thinner landmass than it is today.

Which of the following statements is true regarding tectonic plates? A) Tectonic plates may include both oceanic and continental crust. B) All tectonic plates are about the same size and shape. C) All plate boundaries trace the edges of the continents. D) Tectonic plate are composed of the crust and aesthenosphere. E) All of these statements are correct.

A) Tectonic plates may include both oceanic and continental crust.

What is the relationship between the crust and lithosphere? A) The crust is part of the lithosphere. B) The lithosphere is part of the crust. C) The crust is a special type of lithosphere. D) The lithosphere is a special type of crust.

A) The crust is part of the lithosphere.

Of the following statements about the age of the ocean crust, which one is true? Select only one answer. A) The oldest ocean crust is about 200 million years old and is located near an ocean trench. B) The oldest ocean crust is about 200 million years old and is located near the mid-ocean ridge. C) The oldest ocean crust is about 2 million years old and is located near an ocean trench. D) The oldest ocean crust is about 2 million years old and is located near the mid-ocean ridge. E) The oldest ocean crust is about 4.5 billion years old and is located near the edge of a continent.

A) The oldest ocean crust is about 200 million years old and is located near an ocean trench.

Why does the sea floor have a striped pattern of magnetic anomalies that is symmetric with respect to the mid-ocean ridge? Choose all that apply. A) The polarity of Earth's magnetic field experiences reversals. B) The igneous rock of the ocean floor preserves Earth's existing magnetic field as the rock cools. C) Polar reversals cause existing ocean crust to remagnetize. D) The ocean floor is spreading apart and new sea floor is forming. E) Marine organisms that live on the sea floor have caused this pattern.

A) The polarity of Earth's magnetic field experiences reversals. B) The igneous rock of the ocean floor preserves Earth's existing magnetic field as the rock cools. D) The ocean floor is spreading apart and new sea floor is forming.

what is a seamount? A) An inactive volcano that occurs along the trench of a subduction zone. B) An active volcano that occurs along the crest of the mid-ocean ridge. C) An active volcano that occurs along the trench of a subduction zone. D) An inactive volcano that occurs along the crest of the mid-ocean ridge.

B) An active volcano that occurs along the crest of the mid-ocean ridge.

What would happen to Earth if ocean floor were created at divergent boundaries at a faster rate than it is destroyed at convergent boundaries? A) The Earth would decrease in mass. B) The Earth would increase in volume. C) The Earth would increase in mass. D) The Earth would decrease in volume.

B) The Earth would increase in volume.

Evidence shows that periodic reversals of Earth's magnetic field have resulted in __________. A) seafloor spreading B) a symmetrical pattern of normal and reverse C) magnetization in ocean crustal rocks D) mass extinction of life-forms E) interruption of Earth's gravitational field apparent polar wandering

B) a symmetrical pattern of normal and reverse

Which geologic features are associated with divergent boundaries? A) mid-ocean hot spots and ocean trenches B) mid-ocean ridges and continental rift valleys C) mid-ocean hot spots and continental rift valleys D) mid-ocean ridges and ocean trenches

B) mid-ocean ridges and continental rift valleys

In general, how do magnetic objects align relative to Earth's magnetic field? A) at an angle B) parallel C) antiparallel D) perpendicular

B) parallel

Deep ocean trenches are associated with: A) transform faults. B) subduction zones. C) submarine canyons. D) the mid-ocean ridge. E) rift valleys.

B) subduction zones.

Which of the following statements about earthquakes with magnitude greater than 4.0 is most accurate? A ) Earthquakes with magnitude greater than 4.0 occur in a pattern than correlates loosely with plate boundaries. B ) Earthquakes with magnitude greater than 4.0 occur in a pattern than correlates closely with hot spots. C ) Earthquakes with magnitude greater than 4.0 occur in a pattern than correlates closely with plate boundaries. D ) Earthquakes with magnitude greater than 4.0 occur in a pattern than correlates loosely with hot spots.

C ) Earthquakes with magnitude greater than 4.0 occur in a pattern than correlates closely with plate boundaries.

Where are tectonic plates located? A ) below Earth's surface, near the core B ) below Earth's surface, in the upper mantle C ) at Earth's surface D ) just under Earth's surface

C ) at Earth's surface

The Hawaiian Islands are located where the Pacific plate is: A ) being subducted beneath the North American plate. B ) diving under Japan. C ) moving over a hot spot or mantle plume. D ) being subducted beneath Japan. E ) being thrust over the North American plate.

C ) moving over a hot spot or mantle plume.

Which of the following statements is true of the lithosphere? A) The lithosphere is composed of igneous rock. B) The lithosphere is composed of metamorphic rock. C) The lithosphere is composed of the crust and the uppermost portion of the mantle. D) The lithosphere is composed of the inner portion of the mantle and the outer core. E) The lithosphere is composed of outer mantle material.

C) The lithosphere is composed of the crust and the uppermost portion of the mantle.

Where would the north end of a magnet point during a time of reverse polarity? A) toward the geographic South Pole B) toward the magnetic north pole C) toward the magnetic south pole D) toward the geographic North Pole

C) toward the magnetic south pole

What are the three type of plate boundaries? A. divergent, convergent, and transverse B. divergent, converse, and transform C. divergent, convergent, and transform D. digressive, convergent, and transform

C. divergent, convergent, and transform

Which plate boundary is not associated with volcanic eruptions? A. convergent B. divergent C. transform

C. transform

Coral reefs ________. A ) can be found at latitudes above 60° B ) were first described by Christopher Columbus during his voyage to Hispaniola C ) are most common in deep and cold sub-tropical basins D ) include atolls, barrier, and fringing reefs E ) form when underwater volcanoes are thrust upward during a tectonic event

D ) include atolls, barrier, and fringing reefs

Which of the following statements is most accurate? A) A moving India collided with a stationary Asia about 71 million years ago. B) A moving Asia collided with a stationary India about 71 million years ago. C) A moving Asia collided with a stationary India about 30 million years ago. D) A moving India collided with a stationary Asia about 30 million years ago.

D) A moving India collided with a stationary Asia about 30 million years ago.

Which is the correct order of coral reef development near seamounts? A) Atoll, fringing reef, barrier reef B) Barrier reef, atoll, fringing reef C) Barrier reef, fringing reef, atoll D) Fringing reef, barrier reef, atoll E) Fringing reef, atoll, barrier reef

D) Fringing reef, barrier reef, atoll

What do all plate boundaries have in common? Select only one answer. A) They are all located along the edges of continents. B) They occur entirely within the middle of continents. C) They occur only on the ocean floor. D) They are all associated with zones of earthquakes. E) They are all associated with an abundance of volcanic activity.

D) They are all associated with zones of earthquakes.

What is a volcanic arc? A) a row of volcanoes that forms on the ocean floor above a hot spot B) a row of volcanoes that forms on the ocean floor above a mid-ocean ridge C) a row of volcanoes that forms on the downgoing plate near a subduction zone D) a row of volcanoes that forms on the overriding plate near a subduction zone

D) a row of volcanoes that forms on the overriding plate near a subduction zone

Where is the youngest ocean floor found? A) along the edges of continents B) along the axis of ocean trenches C) along chains of hot spot volcanoes D) along the crest of mid-ocean ridges

D) along the crest of mid-ocean ridges

Where do most earthquakes occur? A) they are evenly distributed all over the world B) in the middle of the plates C) on the continents D) at plate boundaries E) at the bottom of the ocean

D) at plate boundaries

Climate distribution on Earth is primarily controlled by: A) presence or absence of glacial debris. b) longitude. C) Earth's geologic history. D) latitude. E) plants and animals that live in an area

D) latitude.

What is meant by the term plate boundary? A) the bottom of a plate, where the plate meets the asthenosphere B) the entire tectonic plate C) the bottom of the plate, where the plate meets the core D) the edge of a plate, where two plates meet each other E) the top of a plate, where the crust interacts with the atmosphere

D) the edge of a plate, where two plates meet each other

Earth's magnetic field is similar to which of the following? A) the gravitational field of Earth B) the magnetic field of a horseshoe magnet C) the magnetic field of Mars D) the magnetic field of a bar magnet

D) the magnetic field of a bar magnet

What happens when an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate? A) The two plates slide past each other. B) The continental plate is subducted. C) The two plates are forced upward, and a large mountain range is formed. D) A divergent plate boundary is formed. E) The oceanic plate is subducted.

E) The oceanic plate is subducted.

What happens when an oceanic plate meets another oceanic plate? A) Both plates are subducted. B) The two plates are forced upward, and a large mountain range is formed. C) The younger plate will be subducted. D) The two plates slide past each other. E) The older, colder oceanic plate is subducted.

E) The older, colder oceanic plate is subducted.

What did the maps of the ocean floor produced by Bruce Heezen and Marie Tharp reveal about seafloor topography? A) There are ridges near the edges of the oceans, a few hundred miles from the edges of each of the continents. B) Ocean floors and continental areas are morphologically very similar to each other. C) Ocean basins are very flat features. D) The seafloor data revealed that the middle of oceans is where continents appear to be drifting toward each other. E) There are ridges in the middle of the ocean basin floors.

E) There are ridges in the middle of the ocean basin floors.

Which of the following is characteristic of oceanic-continental convergent plate boundaries? A) fracture zones B) volcanic island arcs C) mid-ocean ridges D) hot spots E) andesitic volcanoes

E) andesitic volcanoes

The seafloor magnetic pattern is best described as: A) not related to the location of mid-ocean ridges. B) perpendicular to, but not symmetric about mid-ocean ridges. C) parallel to, but not symmetric about mid-ocean ridges. D) perpendicular to and symmetric about mid-ocean ridges. E) parallel to and symmetric about mid-ocean ridges.

E) parallel to and symmetric about mid-ocean ridges.

Fossils of ancient tropical plants are currently found near the poles because the: A) entire earth had warm, humid conditions at the time the plants were living. B) plants probably were tolerant of both tropical and polar conditions. C) plants were distributed to current locations by ancient glacial ice sheets. D) poles were at the equator at times in the geologic past. E) plants lived in the tropics, but landmasses have drifted to current locations.

E) plants lived in the tropics, but landmasses have drifted to current locations.