OCE1001 CH 3
Calcareous ooze is an example of which of the following sediment types? Biogenous Sediment Cosmogenous Sediment Hydrogenous Sediment Lithogenous Sediment Terrigenous Sediment
Biogenous Sediment
Sandstone is an example of which of the following sediment types? Biogenous Sediment Cosmogenous Sediment Hydrogenous Sediment Lithogenous Sediment
Lithogenous Sediment
Shale is an example of which of the following sediment types? Biogenous Sediment Cosmogenous Sediment Hydrogenous Sediment Lithogenous Sediment
Lithogenous Sediment
Collecting adequate samples from which of the following is the most difficult? Continental shelf Marine sediments on land Estuaries and lagoons The deep-ocean floor
The deep-ocean floor
Sediments that are poorly sorted were most likely deposited by: the wind. a glacier. a volcanic eruption. a river delta. organisms
a glacier.
The most likely place to find abundant manganese nodules is on the: continental shelf. crest of a mid-ocean ridge. abyssal plain far from a continent. continental rise. All of the above locations contain manganese nodules.
abyssal plain far from a continent.
Diatom (siliceous): multiple circles surrounding big speaker big speaker one circle shells
big speaker
The sea floor provides the largest reservoir of usable energy in the ocean, and likely the world, in the form of ______________. halites crude oil clathrates coal phosphorites
clathrates
From smallest to largest, which list of sediment particle sizes is in the correct order? pebbles, sand, silt, clay silt, clay, sand, pebbles clay, sand, silt, pebbles sand, silt, clay, pebbles clay, silt, sand, pebbles
clay, silt, sand, pebbles
Forams, which are composed of calcium carbonate, __________ above the CCD and __________ below the CCD. dissolve; dissolve do not dissolve; dissolve dissolve; do not dissolve do not dissolve; do not dissolve
do not dissolve; dissolve
Diatomaceous earth, which is composed of silica, __________ above the CCD and __________ below the CCD. dissolve; dissolve do not dissolve; dissolve dissolve; do not dissolve do not dissolve; do not dissolve
do not dissolve; do not dissolve
Which of the following are examples of neritic sediments? Choose all that apply. evaporite deposits abyssal clay siliceous ooze manganese nodules beach sand
evaporite deposits beach sand
The number of organisms present in the surface water above the ocean floor is called ________. dilution destruction erosion ecology productivity
productivity
Choose all that apply. salt broken bits of coral turbidites siliceous ooze manganese nodules
salt broken bits of coral
Why is this drilling process called rotary drilling? -Because the ship spins around in a circle to power the drilling process. -Because the drill bit turns around in a circle. -Because the constant pounding on the drill string causes a rotary motion. -Because a high-powered rotary engine drives the drilling process.
Because the drill bit turns around in a circle.
Siliceous ooze is an example of which of the following sediment types? Biogenous Sediment Cosmogenous Sediment Hydrogenous Sediment Lithogenous Sediment Terrigenous Sediment
Biogenous Sediment
What would happen if the depth of the CCD were above the top of the mid-ocean ridge? -Non-calcareous sediment on the mid-ocean ridge would dissolve. -Calcareous ooze would be found below the CCD. -Calcareous ooze would not be found below the CCD. -The mid-ocean ridge would dissolve.
Calcareous ooze would not be found below the CCD.
Which of the following are microscopic, single-celled floating algae that accumulate to form biogenous sediment? Choose all that apply. Diatoms Radiolarians Tektites Coccolithophores Foraminifers
Diatoms Coccolithophores
Of the following, which energy resource(s) can be extracted from marine sediments? Choose all that apply. Phosphorites Halite Petroleum Gas hydrates Manganese nodules
Petroleum Gas hydrates
Which of the following is the most advanced technology used to collect sediment samples from the deep ocean? Gravity corer Rotary corer Dredge Long line Seiche disk
Rotary corer
Ocean sediments consist of particles that have slowly settled out of the water by which of the following the processes? Grain lithification Sediment compaction Paleooceanography Suspension settling Porosity reduction
Suspension settling
Sediments produced by plants and animals in the sea are called: volcanogenic. cosmogenous. biogenous. terrigenous. hydrogenous.
biogenous
Which sediment type dominates in the neritic environment? -coarse lithogenous sediment, such as sand and small rocks -biogenous sediment, such as diatom tests -cosmogenous sediments, such as space dust -hydrogenous sediments, such as manganese nodules -fine lithogenous sediment, such as clay
coarse lithogenous sediment, such as sand and small rocks
Sediments with an extraterrestrial origin are called: hydrogenous. volcanogenic. biogenous. cosmogenous. lithogenous.
cosmogenous
What sediment type(s) is/are included in the pink category labeled "Other" on the map? Choose all that apply. diatom ooze cosmogenous sediments sand hydrogenous sediments rock fragments
cosmogenous sediments hydrogenous sediments
Which of the following organisms thrive in cold surface waters? Choose all that apply. diatoms radiolarians carbonate organisms siliceous organisms foraminifers
diatoms radiolarians siliceous organisms
Diatom, top view: hotdog bun sphere squid disk
disk
A very important way to increase the settling rate of fine particles in the open ocean is via: fecal pellets. precipitation. deposit feeders. carbonate dissolution. wind.
fecal pellets
High-energy environments are most likely to deposit which one of the following? clay-sized particles cosmogenous sediments large particles such as gravel manganese nodules silt-sized particles
large particles such as gravel
Sediments derived from pre-existing rocks on land are called: cosmogenous. lithogenous. volcanogenic. hydrogenous. biogenous.
lithogenenous
Coccolithophores (multiple): multiple circles surrounding big speaker big speaker one circle shells
multiple circles
The type of marine sediment that forms the thickest deposits worldwide is: abyssal clay deposits. neritic, lithogenous sediment deposits. neritic siliceous sediment deposits. pelagic biogenous calcareous deposits. manganese nodule deposits.
neritic, lithogenous sediment deposits.
Where on the ocean floor do abyssal clays develop? on the seafloor beneath areas of high productivity in the surface ocean along the continental shelf within a delta, where rivers supply clay-sized particles at the bottom of the continental slope, in submarine fans on the deep-ocean floor, far from land
on the deep-ocean floor, far from land
Foraminifers: multiple circles surrounding big speaker big speaker one circle shells
shells
Diatom, showing both halves of its test: hotdog bun sphere squid disk
sphere
Radiolarian, showing long appendages: hotdog bun sphere squid disk
sqiud
Coccoliths (individual plates): multiple circles surrounding big speaker big speaker one circle shells
surrounding big speaker
What is the calcite compensation depth, or CCD? -the ocean depth below which calcite is stable and will deposit quickly -the ocean depth above which calcite is unstable and will dissolve quickly -the ocean depth below which calcite is unstable and will dissolve quickly -the ocean depth above which calcite is unstable and will deposit quickly
the ocean depth below which calcite is unstable and will dissolve quickly
What mechanism(s) is/are responsible for transporting clay to deep ocean basins? Choose all that apply. wind ice rafting slow-moving ocean currents rivers underwater landslides
wind slow-moving ocean currents
Marine sediments that originate in the warm tropical surface ocean would create deposits in the deep sea composed primarily of ___________. silica quartz sand volcanic ash calcium carbonate metal sulfides
calcium carbonate
What have oceanographers determined from analyzing sea floor cores? -There is an abundance of human-produced trash on the deep ocean floor. -Highly-specialized marine life can exist at all depths in the ocean. -how deep the ocean really is -climate change and past extinctions -how fast sediment is accumulating in the deep ocean
climate change and past extinctions
Which of the following factors affect the distribution of biogenic oozes on the seafloor? Choose all that apply. dissolution seafloor spreading water depth transform faulting biological productivity
dissolution seafloor spreading water depth biological productivity
What is the approximate depth of the calcite compensation depth (CCD) in the ocean? 0.6 mile (1 kilometer) 1.6 mile (2.5 kilometers) 2 miles (3.2 kilometers) 3 miles (4.5 kilometers) 4.3 miles (7 kilometers)
3 miles (4.5 kilometers)
Why do some organisms thrive in warm surface waters? Warm water is higher in nutrients than cold water. Warm water is generally saturated in carbonate. Warm water is less salty than cold water. Warm water is more dense than cold water. Warm water holds more dissolved oxygen than cold water.
Warm water is generally saturated in carbonate.
Neritic sediments are most likely to be composed of __________. red clay basalt fragments and metallic sulfides sand, silt, and gravel biogenic ooze halite, gypsum, and anhydrite
sand, silt, and gravel
The ancient remains of which of the following, buried before they could decompose, are the source of today's petroleum deposits? Fish and amphibians Peat and coal Dinosaurs Microscopic organisms Land based plants
Microscopic organisms
What percentage of the rocks exposed on the continents originated as sedimentary rocks deposited in ancient ocean environments? Thirty to forty percent Forty to fifty percent Less than twenty percent Twenty to thirty percent More than fifty percent
More than fifty percent
Sediments produced because of chemical reactions in seawater are called: hydrogenous. volcanogenic. lithogenous. biogenous. cosmogenous.
hydrogenous
Oolites are an example of which of the following sediment types? Biogenous Sediment Cosmogenous Sediment Hydrogenous Sediment Lithogenous Sediment Terrigenous Sediment
Hydrogenous Sediment
Turbidite deposits are an example of which of the following sediment types? Biogenous Sediment Cosmogenous Sediment Hydrogenous Sediment Lithogenous Sediment
Lithogenous Sediment
Which of the following natural gasses is most common in gas hydrates from under the ocean floor? Methane Ethane Propane Hydrogen sulfide Carbon dioxide
Methane
What factor primarily determines the distribution of radiolarian ooze? areas of low atmospheric pressure windy areas areas of high salinity areas of warm surface water areas of upwelling
areas of upwelling
Abyssal clay is an example of which of the following sediment types? Biogenous Sediment Cosmogenous Sediment Hydrogenous Sediment Lithogenous Sediment
Lithogenous Sediment
Glacial deposits are an example of which of the following sediment types? Biogenous Sediment Cosmogenous Sediment Hydrogenous Sediment Lithogenous Sediment
Lithogenous Sediment
Terrigenous sediment is another name for which of the following? Biogenous Sediment Cosmogenous Sediment Hydrogenous Sediment Lithogenous Sediment
Lithogenous Sediment
What is calcareous ooze? -a fine-grained, deep-ocean sediment containing the skeletal remains of ooze-secreting microbes -a coarse-grained, deep-ocean sediment containing the skeletal remains of ooze-secreting microbes -a coarse-grained, deep-ocean sediment containing the skeletal remains of calcite-secreting microbes -a fine-grained, shallow-ocean sediment containing the skeletal remains of calcite-secreting microbes -a fine-grained, deep ocean sediment containing the skeletal remains of calcite-secreting microbes
a fine-grained, deep ocean sediment containing the skeletal remains of calcite-secreting microbes
The main energy resources associated with marine sediments are petroleum and ________. coal gas hydrates ethanol wind power rare-earth elements
gas hydrates
Which of the following contains the most organic carbon on Earth? Soil Living organisms Gas hydrates Peat Fossil Fuels
gas hydrates
Diatom, showing both halves of its test: hotdog bun sphere squid disk
hotdog bun
Rock salt (halite) is an example of which of the following sediment types? Biogenous Sediment Cosmogenous Sediment Hydrogenous Sediment Lithogenous Sediment Terrigenous Sediment
Hydrogenous Sediment
Which sediment below cannot accumulate below the CCD? diatom tests manganese nodules abyssal clay turbidites calcareous tests
calcareous tests
Why does calcareous material dissolve below the CCD? -The lack of light in the deep ocean causes chemical reactions to occur that dissolve calcareous material. -Deep-ocean marine organisms exude chemicals that cause calcareous material to dissolve. -The higher salinity at depth reacts with calcareous material and causes it to dissolve. -Below the CCD, weak acid is formed, which dissolves calcareous material.
Below the CCD, weak acid is formed, which dissolves calcareous material.
Micrometeorites are an example of which of the following sediment types? Biogenous Sediment Cosmogenous Sediment Hydrogenous Sediment Lithogenous Sediment Terrigenous Sediment
Cosmogenous Sediment
What factor primarily controls the distribution of calcareous ooze? nutrient availability water temperature water salinity water depth proximity to land
water depth
Coccolithophore (single): multiple circles surrounding big speaker big speaker one circle shells
one circle
Which of the following is a hollow steel tube with a heavy weight on top that is to collect sediment samples? Long line Seiche disk Gravity corer Rotary corer Dredge
Gravity corer
What three steps are required for calcareous ooze to exist below the CCD? -deposition of calcite shells above the CCD, cover of these shells by a non-calcareous material, and stability of the sea floor over millions of years -deposition of calcite shells below the CCD, cover of these shells by a non-calcareous material, and movement of the sea floor over millions of years -deposition of calcite shells above the CCD, cover of these shells by a non-calcareous material, and movement of the sea floor over millions of years -deposition of calcite shells below the CCD, cover of these shells by a calcareous material, and movement of the sea floor over millions of years -deposition of calcite shells above the CCD, cover of these shells by a calcareous material, and stability of the sea floor over millions of years
deposition of calcite shells above the CCD, cover of these shells by a non-calcareous material, and movement of the sea floor over millions of years
