OCE1001 FSU Ch.6

The Trade Winds are one type of prevailing wind pattern. How many other types of prevailing winds are there among earth's global wind patterns? 3 2 5 4 1

2

Considering our current technology, how much of the U.S. energy needs could realistically be supplied by renewable wind energy? 70% 35% 20% 50% 5%

20%

The average albedo of Earth's surface is about: 3%. 67%. 30%. 90%. 50%.

30%

The trade winds occur in which of the following regions? Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) 5 to 30 degrees 30 degrees 30 to 60 degrees 60 degrees 60 to 90 degrees Poles (90 degrees)

5 to 30 degrees

Hurricanes weaken as they move inland. Therefore, hazards differ by location. Accurate hurricane prediction is extremely important for warning people of any threatening hurricane activity. Imagine that it is late September, and a category 5 storm, Hurricane Gaston, is projected to make landfall along the path shown on the accompanying map. If the storm nears the Dallas-Fort Worth area, what poses the biggest threat to life and property? Flooding as a result of heavy rains from the storm. Wind damage as the hurricane moves ashore. Heavy rainstorms may hit Dallas-Fort Worth. The storm surge could wipe out buildings and take lives in the Dallas-Fort Worth area.

-Flooding as a result of heavy rains from the storm. -Heavy rainstorms may hit Dallas-Fort Worth.

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the Coriolis effect? Choose all that apply. In the Northern Hemisphere, the Coriolis effect causes an object to be deflected to the right of its intended direction. The Coriolis effect is maximized near the equator. The Coriolis effect influences the speed of a moving object. In the Southern Hemisphere, the Coriolis effect causes an object to be deflected to the left of its intended direction. The Coriolis effect is absent at the poles.

-In the Northern Hemisphere, the Coriolis effect causes an object to be deflected to the right of its intended direction. -In the Southern Hemisphere, the Coriolis effect causes an object to be deflected to the left of its intended direction.

Of the following physical properties of the atmosphere, which is/are true? Choose all that apply. Low pressure at the surface is associated with rising air (movement away from the surface). Air always moves from high-pressure regions toward low-pressure regions. The troposphere is heated from above because it is closer to the Sun at high altitudes. Warm air holds more water vapor than cool air. The air temperature is warmer near Earth's surface than in the upper part of the troposphere. Cool air is less dense than warm air, so cool air rises.

-Low pressure at the surface is associated with rising air (movement away from the surface). -Air always moves from high-pressure regions toward low-pressure regions. -Warm air holds more water vapor than cool air. -The air temperature is warmer near Earth's surface than in the upper part of the troposphere.

Which of the following statements is/are true about the formation or movement of hurricanes? Choose all that apply. The cyclonic flow of air currents in a hurricane is a result of the Coriolis effect. Hurricanes are storms that form over warm ocean water. Most hurricanes form along the equator. Hurricanes generally travel from the east toward the west because of the trade winds. The latent heat stored in water vapor provides the energy that fuels the storm

-The cyclonic flow of air currents in a hurricane is a result of the Coriolis effect. -Hurricanes are storms that form over warm ocean water. -Hurricanes generally travel from the east toward the west because of the trade winds. -The latent heat stored in water vapor provides the energy that fuels the storm

Of the following statements about the doldrums, which is/are true? Choose all that apply. The doldrums are an area of low atmospheric pressure. This is also known as the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The doldrums are the wind boundary between the trade winds and the prevailing westerlies. The doldrums are the boundary between the northeast trade winds and the southeast trade winds. There is usually little wind but a lot of rain associated with the doldrums.

-The doldrums are an area of low atmospheric pressure. -This is also known as the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). -The doldrums are the boundary between the northeast trade winds and the southeast trade winds. -There is usually little wind but a lot of rain associated with the doldrums.

Of the following statements about the transfer of heat on Earth, which is/are true? Choose all that apply. Water vapor in the air carries latent heat with it, which is released in other areas. Ocean currents move warm water from the tropics to higher latitudes. Air currents move warmer air from the tropics to higher latitudes. Greenhouse gases in the air decrease the amount of heat retained by Earth's atmosphere. Earth's albedo reflects back into space all of the sunlight hitting Earth.

-Water vapor in the air carries latent heat with it, which is released in other areas. -Ocean currents move warm water from the tropics to higher latitudes. -Air currents move warmer air from the tropics to higher latitudes.

Which of the following locations has/have the potential to reliably harness wind power as a renewable energy source? Choose all that apply. along the equator between 5 and 30 degrees latitude around 30 degrees latitude between 30 and 60 degrees latitude at the poles

-between 5 and 30 degrees latitude -between 30 and 60 degrees latitude

On what day(s) do all locations on Earth experience 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of night? Choose all that apply. on the summer solstice on the autumnal equinox when the distance to the sun is equal to the distance from the sun on the vernal equinox on the winter solstice

-on the autumnal equinox -on the vernal equinox

At what latitude(s) on Earth is the speed of rotation the greatest? 60 degrees north and south 30 degrees north and south The speed of rotation is the same everywhere on Earth. 0 degrees

0 degrees

Fill in the sentences below to explore the process by which a storm becomes a hurricane. Some terms may be used more than once. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Note that all terms must be used and some terms may be used more than once. tropical storm hurricane tropical depression tropical disturbance 1. A disorganized array of clouds and thunderstorms with little or no rotation is known as a ________________ 2. In a ____________, wind speeds are below 38 miles per hour. 3. If winds are between 38 and 74 miles per hour, the condition is called a ___________. 4. In order to be considered a __________, wind speeds must be in excess of 74 miles per hour. 5. The storm is given a name once it reaches the _________ stage. 6. Half or more of ________ eventually become hurricanes.

1. tropical disturbance 2. tropical depression 3. tropical storm 4. hurricane 5. tropical storm 6. tropical storm

Which of the following will cause the highest air pressure at the surface? A column of warm, less dense air A column of cool, dense air A column of cool, less dense air A column of warm, dense air

A column of cool, dense air

Which of the following will cause the lowest air pressure at the surface? A column of cool, less dense air A column of warm, dense air A column of warm, less dense air A column of cool, dense air

A column of warm, less dense air

Of the following statements about the tilt of Earth's axis, which one is true? Select only one answer. A decrease in Earth's tilt would cause warmer winters and warmer summers. An increase in Earth's tilt would cause colder winters and warmer summers. An increase in Earth's tilt would cause colder winters and colder summers. An increase in Earth's tilt would cause warmer winters and colder summers. A decrease in Earth's tilt would cause colder winters and colder summers. A decrease in Earth's tilt would cause colder winters and warmer summers.

An increase in Earth's tilt would cause colder winters and warmer summers.

Why does wind between the equator and 30 degrees south come out of the southeast? Cooled air moves east toward the equator and is deflected toward the north by the Coriolis effect. Cooled air moves north toward the equator and is deflected toward the west by the Coriolis effect. Cooled air moves north toward the equator and is deflected toward the east by the Coriolis effect. Cooled air moves south toward the equator and is deflected toward the west by the Coriolis effect. Cooled air moves west toward the equator and is deflected toward the south by the Coriolis effect.

Cooled air moves north toward the equator and is deflected toward the west by the Coriolis effect.

Weather (short-term conditions of air temperature, wind speed/direction, precipitation, and atmospheric pressure) occurs because __________. Earth's surface is heated unevenly by the Sun photosynthesis has enriched the atmosphere with oxygen Earth's orbit around the Sun is elliptical ocean currents cause the movement of air masses and produce weather fronts solar activity varies with time

Earth's surface is heated unevenly by the Sun

The Doldrums occur in which of the following regions? Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) 5 to 30 degrees 30 degrees 30 to 60 degrees 60 degrees 30 to 60 degrees Poles (90 degrees)

Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees)

Why does air tend to rise in equatorial regions? Equatorial regions receive more direct sunlight than other areas. Equatorial regions receive more indirect sunlight than other areas. Equatorial regions receive less indirect sunlight than other areas. Equatorial regions receive less direct sunlight than other areas.

Equatorial regions receive more direct sunlight than other areas.

The trade winds blow in which of the following directions in the Northern Hemisphere? From northeast to southwest From northwest to southeast From southeast to northwest From southwest to northeast

From northeast to southwest

The prevailing westerly winds blow in which of the following directions in the Southern Hemisphere? From northeast to southwest From northwest to southeast From southeast to northwest From southwest to northeast

From northwest to southeast

The trade winds blow in which of the following directions in the Southern Hemisphere? From northeast to southwest From northwest to southeast From southeast to northwest From southwest to northeast

From southeast to northwest

The prevailing westerly winds blow in which of the following directions in the Northern Hemisphere? From northeast to southwest From northwest to southeast From southeast to northwest From southwest to northeast

From southwest to northeast

When does Brazil experience the longest night of the year? September 23 March 21 January 1 December 22 June 21

June 21

Polar high pressure occurs in which of the following regions? Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) 5- to 30 degrees 30 degrees 30 to 60 degrees 60 degrees 60 to 90 degrees Poles (90 degrees)

Poles (90 degrees)

How are rain patterns different near warm and cold fronts? Rain near a cold front occurs over a wider spatial area and is more intense than near a warm front. Rain near a cold front occurs over a wider spatial area and is less intense than near a warm front. Rain near a cold front occurs over a smaller spatial area and is more intense than near a warm front. Rain near a cold front occurs over a smaller spatial area and is less intense than near a warm front.

Rain near a cold front occurs over a smaller spatial area and is more intense than near a warm front.

Where does rain occur in a cold front? Rain occurs along and in front of a cold front. Rain occurs along and behind a cold front. Rain occurs along and to the right of a cold front. Rain occurs along and to the left of a cold front.

Rain occurs along and behind a cold front.

Where does rain occur in a warm front? Rain occurs along and behind a warm front. Rain occurs along and to the right of a warm front. Rain occurs along and in front of a warm front. Rain occurs along and to the left of a warm front.

Rain occurs along and in front of a warm front.

Why does rain occur near a cold front? Falling cold air cools, resulting in cloud formation and rain. Rising warm air warms, resulting in cloud formation and rain. Rising warm air cools, resulting in cloud formation and rain. Falling cold air warms, resulting in cloud formation and rain.

Rising warm air cools, resulting in cloud formation and rain.

Why does rain occur near a warm front? Falling cold air cools, resulting in cloud formation and rain. Falling cold air warms, resulting in cloud formation and rain. Rising warm air cools, resulting in cloud formation and rain. Rising warm air warms, resulting in cloud formation and rain.

Rising warm air cools, resulting in cloud formation and rain.

The strength of a hurricane is ranked from 1 to 5 on the: Coriolis Scale. Moh's Scale. Fujita Scale. Richter Scale. Saffir-Simpson Scale.

Saffir-Simpson Scale.

Which type of ice found in the marine environment does NOT form from freezing seawater? Ice ribbons Rafted ice Pancake ice Ice floes Shelf ice

Shelf ice

As shown in the video, what causes the item to deflate? It slowly seeps out over many hours. It explodes. When the passage is blocked, the air has nowhere else to go. The higher pressure inside the item forces the air out into the lower pressure of the room. It gets heated up, which causes the air inside to expand.

The higher pressure inside the item forces the air out into the lower pressure of the room.

Which of the following statements about the Coriolis effect is correct? The magnitude of the Coriolis effect depends on how long the object is in motion. The Coriolis effect is strongest between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. The maximum Coriolis effect is at the equator, and there is no Coriolis effect at the poles. There is no Coriolis effect for objects moving due south from the equator.

The magnitude of the Coriolis effect depends on how long the object is in motion.

What determines whether a front is called a cold front or a warm front? The type of front is determined by which air mass is older. The type of front is determined by which air mass is higher. The type of front is determined by which air mass is moving. The type of front is determined by which air mass is heavier. The type of front is determined by which air mass is larger.

The type of front is determined by which air mass is moving.

What is the air that sinks at latitudes of 30 degrees north and south like? This air is cool and dry. This air is warm and wet. This air is cool and wet. This air is warm and dry.

This air is cool and dry.

Why are tropical cyclones not likely to occur in mid-latitude regions? Continental Arctic air masses dominate climate in mid-latitude regions. Mid-latitude regions are typically not affected by maritime tropical air masses. Westerly winds steer cyclones into cooler ocean water. Easterly tradewinds prevent cyclones from reaching the mid-latitudes. The Coriolis effect weakens in the mid-latitudes and cannot sustain cyclonic winds.

Westerly winds steer cyclones into cooler ocean water.

Why is it colder in winter than in summer? There are more sunspots in the winter. Earth is closer to the sun in winter. Earth is farther from the sun in winter. When the Northern or Southern Hemisphere of Earth is tilted away from the sun it is winter because that part of Earth receives less direct energy from the sun. When the Northern or Southern Hemisphere of Earth is tilted toward the sun it is winter because that part of Earth receives less direct energy from the sun.

When the Northern or Southern Hemisphere of Earth is tilted away from the sun it is winter because that part of Earth receives less direct energy from the sun.

In which direction would winds move at the poles if Earth rotated in the opposite direction? Wind near the north pole would move to the northwest, and the wind near the south pole would move to the southwest. Wind would move toward the southeast at both poles. Wind would move toward the northeast at both poles. Wind near the north pole would move to the northeast, and the wind near the south pole would move to the southeast.

Wind near the north pole would move to the northeast, and the wind near the south pole would move to the southeast.

What common household item is used in this video to demonstrate differences in atmospheric pressure? Silly Putty oil and vinegar salad dressing a kitchen utensil a can of soda a balloon

a balloon

The percentage of solar radiation reflected from the surface of Earth back into space is known as the __________. View Available Hint(s) solar footprint declination ecliptic albedo equinox

albedo

Earth's polar regions (above 60° latitude) are classified as deserts because __________. the albedo is too great in those areas all available water in the polar regions is tied up in glaciers and icecaps cold, dry sinking air in the polar high regions produces little precipitation only snow falls in those areas, and snow is not considered to be precipitation mountains surrounding the polar regions prevent moist air from moving into the areas

cold, dry sinking air in the polar high regions produces little precipitation

The air in the center of the eye of the hurricane is ________ air moving ________. warm moist; downward warm moist; upward cool dry; downward cool dry; upward

cool dry; downward

In which direction must the merry-go-round be pushed to simulate the Coriolis effect on Earth? clockwise clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere back and forth clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere counterclockwise

counterclockwise

Idealized pressure belts and wind systems are significantly modified by Earth's tilted axis of rotation and: latitudinal variations in the Coriolis effect. differences in the heat capacities of the ocean and land. Ekman transport. variations in incoming solar radiation over many years. differences in the latitudinal albedo.

differences in the heat capacities of the ocean and land.

What type of force is the Coriolis effect? frictional fictitious accelerating gravitational tensional

fictitious

The intensity of solar radiation received at lower latitudes (near the equator) compared to higher latitudes (near the poles) is: lower. greater. the same. none of the above.

greater

As discussed in the video, air always moves from _____ atmospheric pressure regions to _____ atmospheric pressure regions. high; low low; low low; high high; high

high; low

In coastal regions, sea breezes happen ________ and land breezes happen ________. in the morning; in the afternoon in the afternoon; in the morning at night; in the afternoon at night; in the morning in the afternoon; at night in the morning; at night

in the afternoon; at night

Typically, the United States is influenced more by ________ air masses during the winter and more by ________ air masses during the summer. tropical; arctic polar; tropical arctic; polar polar; arctic arctic; tropical

polar; tropical

Earth's atmosphere is heated primarily by __________. conduction of heat from Earth's surface solar energy interacting with the stratosphere latent heat of condensation in storms re-radiation of solar energy from Earth's surface back into the atmosphere as infrared radiation solar energy interacting with the ionosphere

re-radiation of solar energy from Earth's surface back into the atmosphere as infrared radiation

Air warmed by the land that rises and is replaced by cooler air from the ocean may produce a: sea breeze. land breeze. cold front. tropical cyclone. typhoon.

sea breeze.

Which way would wind travel in the region between 30 and 60 degrees latitude if Earth stopped rotating? west in the Southern Hemisphere and north in the Northern Hemisphere south in the Southern Hemisphere and east in the Northern Hemisphere north in the Southern Hemisphere and south in the Northern Hemisphere south in the Southern Hemisphere and north in the Northern Hemisphere

south in the Southern Hemisphere and north in the Northern Hemisphere

The largest loss of life from a hurricane is usually due to: intense precipitation. high winds. low atmospheric pressure. storm surge. none of the above.

storm surge.

The two factors that are most important in determining the density of air are: temperature and salinity. carbon dioxide and water vapor content. temperature and ozone. temperature and water vapor content. nitrogen and water vapor content.

temperature and water vapor content.

What term is used to describe the effect on air movement produced by Earth's rotation? the air-rotation effect the rotation effect the rotation-Coriolis effect the air-Coriolis effect the Coriolis effect

the Coriolis effect

What is a front? the boundary between two water masses of different size the boundary between two water masses of different temperatures the boundary between two air masses of different temperatures the boundary between two land masses of different temperatures the boundary between two air masses of different size

the boundary between two air masses of different temperatures

The thickness of sea ice is limited primarily by __________. heat conducted upward through the water column the insulating nature of the ice itself the length of the winter season increased salinity of the water excluded from the crystal lattice of the sea ice

the insulating nature of the ice itself

Hurricanes frequently make landfall on the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf coasts, but rarely, if ever, occur on the Pacific coast. The primary reason for the rarity of west coast hurricanes is that __________. hurricanes do not occur in the eastern Pacific the Rocky Mountains serve as a barrier to keep storms away from the coast the Coriolis effect, necessary for the rotation of hurricanes, does not exist outside the tropics the western deserts keep the humidity too low for hurricanes to form the ocean water does not get warm enough to supply the needed heat energy for hurricanes

the ocean water does not get warm enough to supply the needed heat energy for hurricanes

As a result of the Coriolis effect in the northern hemisphere, winds always are deflected: to the east of their original direction. to the right of their original direction. at a 45° angle from their original direction. to the left of their original direction. at a 90° angle from their original direction.

to the right of their original direction.

You just got your pilot's license, and you want to fly your plane from point A to point B. You remember from your oceanography class that you must account for the Coriolis effect when aiming for your destination. Where must you aim to land at point B? to the west of B directly at B to the north of B to the south of B to the east of B

to the west of B

The lowermost portion of the atmosphere where most weather occurs is called the: stratosphere. tropopause. ozone layer. upper atmosphere. troposphere.

troposphere.

The Coriolis effect is due to changes in the ________ of Earth with latitude. temperature density chemical composition pressure velocity

velocity

All the following are true of the movement of Earth's atmosphere except : -cool air is denser than warm air so it tends to sink toward the Earth's surface. -a column of cool, dense air produces high pressure at the Earth's surface. -the movement of air within the atmospheric convection cells generates the Earth's major wind belts. -a column of warm, less dense air produces low pressure at the Earth's surface. -warm air is less dense than cool air so it tends to sink toward the Earth's surface.

warm air is less dense than cool air so it tends to sink toward the Earth's surface.

The air surrounding of the eye of the hurricane is ________ air moving ________. cool dry; downward warm moist; upward cool dry; upward warm moist; downward

warm moist; upward

The temperate regions are characterized by: high pressure. westerly winds. easterly winds. tropical cyclones. trade winds.

westerly winds