OCE1001 FSU Exam 2

Which of the following processes increase seawater salinity? Choose all that apply.

evaporation sea ice formation

What type of force is the Coriolis effect? View Available Hint(s) fictitious frictional tensional accelerating gravitational

fictitious

In order to be considered a ____________, wind speeds must be in excess of 74 miles per hour.

hurricane

In coastal regions, sea breezes happen ________ and land breezes happen ________. at night; in the afternoon in the afternoon; at night in the afternoon; in the morning at night; in the morning in the morning; at night in the morning; in the afternoon

in the afternoon; at night

The salinity curve for low latitudes shows ________ salinity at the surface and ________ salinity at depth.

increased, decreased

In which of the following substances are there equal numbers of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions?

pure water

A layer of rapidly changing density with depth is called a ________.

pycnocline

Earth's atmosphere is heated primarily by __________. View Available Hint(s)

re-radiation of solar energy from Earth's surface back into the atmosphere as infrared radiation

The largest loss of life from a hurricane is usually due to: intense precipitation. low atmospheric pressure. storm surge. high winds. none of the above.

story surge

The Trade Winds are one type of prevailing wind pattern. How many other types of prevailing winds are there among earth's global wind patterns? 3 4 5 2 1

2

Considering our current technology, how much of the U.S. energy needs could realistically be supplied by renewable wind energy? View Available Hint(s) 35% 70% 20% 5% 50%

20%

The average salinity of typical seawater is:

3.5%

Of the following statements about the tilt of Earth's axis, which one is true? Select only one answer.

An increase in Earth's tilt would cause colder winters and warmer summers.

The strength of a hurricane is ranked from 1 to 5 on the: Saffir-Simpson Scale. Fujita Scale. Moh's Scale. Coriolis Scale. Richter Scale.

Saffir-Simpson Scale.

Which of the following best describes the Distillation Method for desalination?

Saltwater is boiled and the water vapor is passed through a cooling condenser, where it condenses as freshwater.

Which of the following best describes the Freeze Separation Method for desalination?

Seawater is frozen and thawed multiple times, with the salts washed from the ice between each thawing.

Which of the following is true of surface water circulation near Antarctica? The circulation of water around the Antarctic continent is driven by density differences. There is no connection with the southern hemisphere subtropical gyres. Two circumpolar currents dominate it, one current that moves water to the east and one current that moves water to the west. It is dominated by water flow directly away from the polar region toward the north. The surface ocean has no strong currents

Two circumpolar currents dominate it, one current that moves water to the east and one current that moves water to the west.

Using this image of the waters adjacent to the East Coast of the United States, match the correct letter to each of the following.

. A: Color for cold water 2. C: Color for warm water 3. D: Warm core ring(s) 4. B: Cold core ring(s)

The image below is a block diagram showing the Pacific Ocean during an El Niño event. Correctly match the letters with the corresponding

. A: Thermocline 2. C: High atmospheric pressure 3. D: Low atmospheric pressure 4. B: Walker Circulation Cell (reversed direction) 5. E: Pacific Warm Pool

Use the map of Pacific and Atlantic Ocean currents shown below to correctly identify the following ocean currents and gyres

. E: California Current 2. C: Gulf Stream Current 3. A: Subpolar gyre 4. G: Peru Current 5. I: Brazil Current 6. B: Subtropical gyre 7. D: Benguela Current 8. F: Canary Current 9. H: Antarctic Circumpolar Current (West Wind Drift)

The diagram below shows a generalized cross-sectional view across the Atlantic Ocean. Correctly match the letters with the corresponding water masses and associated features.

1. B: Warmest water 2. A: Thermocline and pycnocline 3. E: Antarctic Intermediate Water 4. C: Seasonally warm water 5. D: Antarctic Bottom Water 6. F: North Atlantic Deep Water 7. G: Upwelling

The following block diagram shows coastlines in the Northern Hemisphere that are influenced by coastal winds (not shown). Based on the flow of surface waters due to Ekman transport, identify the correct coastal wind direction in each diagram.

1. B: Wind blowing parallel to the coast and toward the bottom of the diagram 2. A: Wind blowing parallel to the coast and toward the top of the diagram

How much more acidic is a substance with a pH of 2 than a substance with a pH of 5?

1000

The average albedo of Earth's surface is about:

30%

The trade winds occur in which of the following regions? Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) 5 to 30 degrees 30 degrees 30 to 60 degrees 60 degrees 60 to 90 degrees Poles (90 degrees)

5 to 30 degrees

Imagine you are swimming in the open ocean at a location near the equator. Based on the following data, can you determine how deep you would need to dive to reach a water temperature of 19°C? Seawater temperature at the surface: 24°C Thermocline at 300 and 1000 meters depths: 1°C decrease per 50 meters of depth

550 meters

Which of the following will cause the highest air pressure at the surface? A column of warm, less dense air A column of cool, dense air A column of cool, less dense air A column of warm, dense air

A column of cool, dense air

Which of the following will cause the lowest air pressure at the surface? A column of warm, dense air A column of cool, dense air A column of warm, less dense air A column of cool, less dense air

A column of warm, less dense air

Which of the following best describes the Electrolysis Method for desalination?

A current is run through positive and negative electrodes in freshwater separated by semipermeable membranes from seawater.

Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents directly? Accidental spills from container ships Pressure gradients Doppler flow meters Anchored buoys Radar altimeters

Accidental spills from container ships

Subatomic particles with a positive charge are called ________.

protons

Based on the graph, which of the following has the highest density? Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) Mediterranean Intermediate Water (MIW) North Atlantic Central Surface Water (NACSW) North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW)

Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW)

Based on the graph, which of the following has the lowest temperature? Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) Mediterranean Intermediate Water (MIW) North Atlantic Central Surface Water (NACSW) North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW)

Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW)

Which of the following is the only current that completely circumscribes Earth? South Equatorial Antarctic Circumpolar Benguela Malvinas South Australian

Antarctic Circumpolar

Based on the graph, which of the following has the lowest salinity? Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) Mediterranean Intermediate Water (MIW) North Atlantic Central Surface Water (NACSW) North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW)

Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW)

In the figure above, which shows water molecules. Which label(s) indicate a covalent bond?

B

Which of the following are western boundary currents? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) Brazil Current Kuroshio Current West Australia Current California Current East Australia Current

Brazil Current Kuroshio Current East Australia Current

On an annual basis which of the following fluxes between reservoirs of the hydrologic cycle is the smallest?

Continent to ocean

Why does wind between the equator and 30 degrees south come out of the southeast? Cooled air moves south toward the equator and is deflected toward the west by the Coriolis effect. Cooled air moves east toward the equator and is deflected toward the north by the Coriolis effect. Cooled air moves north toward the equator and is deflected toward the east by the Coriolis effect. Cooled air moves west toward the equator and is deflected toward the south by the Coriolis effect. Cooled air moves north toward the equator and is deflected toward the west by the Coriolis effect.

Cooled air moves north toward the equator and is deflected toward the west by the Coriolis effect.

There is a general trend of decreasing pH with increasing water depth in the ocean. What is the cause of this pattern?

Deeper, colder ocean water contains more dissolved carbon dioxide, which causes the pH to be lower.

Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents indirectly? Doppler flow meters Accidental spills from container ships Free-drifting Argo floats Propeller flow meters Radio-transmitting float bottles

Doppler flow meters

On a west coast in the Northern Hemisphere, what happens to surface waters when winds blow from the south? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) Surface waters move offshore. Downwelling occurs. Upwelling occurs. Surface waters move onshore. Surface waters move northward, causing a strong coastal current.

Downwelling occurs. Surface waters move onshore.

Weather (short-term conditions of air temperature, wind speed/direction, precipitation, and atmospheric pressure) occurs because __________.

Earth's surface is heated unevenly by the Sun

The observation that ships and icebergs in the southern hemisphere float to the left of the wind direction is an example of which of the following? Ekman transport Eastern intensification Equatorial upwelling Geostrophic current Western intensification

Ekman transport

The Doldrums occur in which of the following regions? Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) 5 to 30 degrees 30 degrees 30 to 60 degrees 60 degrees 30 to 60 degrees Poles (90 degrees)

Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees)

Why does air tend to rise in equatorial regions? Equatorial regions receive more direct sunlight than other areas. Equatorial regions receive less indirect sunlight than other areas. Equatorial regions receive more indirect sunlight than other areas. Equatorial regions receive less direct sunlight than other areas.

Equatorial regions receive more direct sunlight than other areas.

Which process in the hydrologic cycle is most effective at increasing ocean salinity on a global scale?

Evaporation

Which statement accurately describes the thermostatic effect of water on climate moderation?

Evaporation in the tropics has a cooling effect on ocean temperature.

The trade winds blow in which of the following directions in the Northern Hemisphere? From northeast to southwest From northwest to southeast From southeast to northwest From southwest to northeast

From northeast to southwest

The prevailing westerly winds blow in which of the following directions in the Southern Hemisphere? From northeast to southwest From northwest to southeast From southeast to northwest From southwest to northeast

From northwest to southeast

The trade winds blow in which of the following directions in the Southern Hemisphere? From northeast to southwest From northwest to southeast From southeast to northwest From southwest to northeast

From southeast to northwest

The prevailing westerly winds blow in which of the following directions in the Northern Hemisphere? From northeast to southwest From northwest to southeast From southeast to northwest From southwest to northeast

From southwest to northeast

One of the world's most powerful currents, located off the east coast of the United States, is the __________. View Available Hint(s) North Equatorial Current Kuroshio Current Gulf Stream North Atlantic Current Canary Current

Gulf Stream

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding surface ocean currents? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) Equatorial currents are warm and equatorial countercurrents are cold. Eastern boundary currents are those off the east coast of each continent. Gyres in the Southern Hemisphere rotate counterclockwise. Cold currents flow at high latitudes or from higher latitudes toward the equator. Surface currents curve to the right due to the Coriolis effect.

Gyres in the Southern Hemisphere rotate counterclockwise. Cold currents flow at high latitudes or from higher latitudes toward the equator.

Of the following conditions, which is/are related to strong El Niño events? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) Higher sea levels in the eastern Pacific Ocean associated with warmer water Increase in sea surface temperatures and destruction of coral reefs in the eastern Pacific Ocean Increase in the strength and consistency of the trade winds Increase in productivity along coastal South America Increased abundance of hurricanes in the eastern Pacific Ocean

Higher sea levels in the eastern Pacific Ocean associated with warmer water Increase in sea surface temperatures and destruction of coral reefs in the eastern Pacific Ocean Increased abundance of hurricanes in the eastern Pacific Ocean

Which of the following currents is responsible for Peru becoming the largest producer of fish, from the sea, in the world? Brazil Current Falkland Current Canary Current Humboldt Current Somali Current

Humboldt Current

How do hydrogen bonds define the three states of matter in water? Choose all that apply.

Ice has more hydrogen bonds than water vapor does. There are no hydrogen bonds when water is in a gas phase. In liquid water, there are some hydrogen bonds between water molecules that form and break repeatedly. Water will be a solid if there are hydrogen bonds between all water molecules.

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the Coriolis effect? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) The Coriolis effect is absent at the poles. In the Northern Hemisphere, the Coriolis effect causes an object to be deflected to the right of its intended direction. The Coriolis effect influences the speed of a moving object. The Coriolis effect is maximized near the equator. In the Southern Hemisphere, the Coriolis effect causes an object to be deflected to the left of its intended direction.

In the Northern Hemisphere, the Coriolis effect causes an object to be deflected to the right of its intended direction. In the Southern Hemisphere, the Coriolis effect causes an object to be deflected to the left of its intended direction.

Which of the following statements regarding water density is correct?

Increasing the pressure decreases the temperature of maximum density for freshwater because the formation of bulky ice crystals is inhibited.

What happened when a new (green) water mass was introduced into the system?

It came to equilibrium in the middle of the tank

What makes water a polar molecule?

It has a positive hydrogen side and a negative oxygen side.

Which of the following statements is true of water in a solid state? Choose all that apply.

It is rigid and forms a three-dimensional crystalline shape. Water molecules in ice remain in a relatively fixed position and are not as mobile as they are in the liquid state, where there are fewer hydrogen bonds.

What is the Walker Circulation Cell? It is the path that air takes as it moves from high to low pressure, and back to high pressure, in the South Atlantic under normal conditions. It is the path that air takes as it moves from high to low pressure, and back to high pressure, in the South Atlantic under El Niño conditions. It is the path that air takes as it moves from high to low pressure, and back to high pressure, in the South Pacific under El Niño conditions. It is the path that air takes as it moves from high to low pressure, and back to high pressure, in the North Pacific under normal conditions. It is the path that air takes as it moves from high to low pressure, and back to high pressure, in the South Pacific under normal conditions.

It is the path that air takes as it moves from high to low pressure, and back to high pressure, in the South Pacific under normal conditions.

When does Brazil experience the longest night of the year? View Available Hint(s)

June 21

Of the following surface currents, which one(s) transport large volumes of warm water to higher latitudes? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) Kuroshio Current the Gulf Stream Brazil Current Canary Current North Pacific Current Peru Current

Kuroshio Current the Gulf Stream Brazil Current

Based on the graph, which of the following has the highest salinity? Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) Mediterranean Intermediate Water (MIW) North Atlantic Central Surface Water (NACSW) North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW)

Mediterranean Intermediate Water (MIW)

In the figure above, which of the following labeled currents is/are part of the South Atlantic Gyre? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) N M F L

N, M

The Gulf Stream transports warm water into the __________. View Available Hint(s) Eastern Atlantic Caribbean Sea Gulf of Mexico North Atlantic South Atlantic

North Atlantic

Based on the graph, which of the following has the highest temperature? Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) Mediterranean Intermediate Water (MIW) North Atlantic Central Surface Water (NACSW) North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW)

North Atlantic Central Surface Water (NACSW)

Based on the graph, which of the following has the lowest density? Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) Mediterranean Intermediate Water (MIW) North Atlantic Central Surface Water (NACSW) North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW)

North Atlantic Central Surface Water (NACSW)

On an annual basis which of the following fluxes between reservoirs of the hydrologic cycle is the largest?

Ocean to atmosphere

Polar high pressure occurs in which of the following regions? Equatorial (0 to 5 degrees) 5- to 30 degrees 30 degrees 30 to 60 degrees 60 degrees 60 to 90 degrees Poles (90 degrees)

Poles (90 degrees)

How are rain patterns different near warm and cold fronts? Rain near a cold front occurs over a smaller spatial area and is less intense than near a warm front. Rain near a cold front occurs over a wider spatial area and is more intense than near a warm front. Rain near a cold front occurs over a wider spatial area and is less intense than near a warm front. Rain near a cold front occurs over a smaller spatial area and is more intense than near a warm front.

Rain near a cold front occurs over a smaller spatial area and is more intense than near a warm front.

Where does rain occur in a cold front? Rain occurs along and behind a cold front. Rain occurs along and to the left of a cold front. Rain occurs along and in front of a cold front. Rain occurs along and to the right of a cold front.

Rain occurs along and behind a cold front.

Where does rain occur in a warm front? Rain occurs along and to the left of a warm front. Rain occurs along and to the right of a warm front. Rain occurs along and in front of a warm front. Rain occurs along and behind a warm front.

Rain occurs along and in front of a warm front.

Why does rain occur near a cold front? Falling cold air cools, resulting in cloud formation and rain. Falling cold air warms, resulting in cloud formation and rain. Rising warm air warms, resulting in cloud formation and rain. Rising warm air cools, resulting in cloud formation and rain.

Rising warm air cools, resulting in cloud formation and rain.

Why does rain occur near a warm front? Falling cold air warms, resulting in cloud formation and rain. Rising warm air warms, resulting in cloud formation and rain. Rising warm air cools, resulting in cloud formation and rain. Falling cold air cools, resulting in cloud formation and rain.

Rising warm air cools, resulting in cloud formation and rain.

Between summer and winter, which of the following currents reverses its flow direction? Somali Current Brazil Current California Current Florida Current Falkland Current

Somali Current

The deepest and densest water mass in the world ocean is formed in the __________________. View Available Hint(s) North Atlantic Indian Ocean Arctic Ocean Southern Ocean North Pacific

Southern Ocean

The observation of a hill of water within all subtropical gyres is an example of which of the following? Eastern intensification Equatorial upwelling Geostrophic current Western intensification Subtropical convergence

Subtropical convergence

On a west coast in the Northern Hemisphere, what happens to surface waters when winds blow from the north? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) Downwelling occurs. Surface waters move onshore. Surface waters move offshore. Upwelling occurs. Surface waters move southward, causing a strong coastal current

Surface waters move offshore. Upwelling occurs.

Which of the following best defines heat capacity?

The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.

What happened when the two slats were pulled out?

The blue water sank to the bottom and the red water rose to the top.

Of the following statements about subtropical gyres, which is/are true? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) The centers of all subtropical gyres are associated with high atmospheric pressure. All subtropical gyres flow in a clockwise direction. The rotation of each subtropical gyre causes a "hill" of water to pile up within it. The western boundary current of all subtropical gyres is intensified (it is fast, narrow, and deep). There are four main surface currents in each subtropical gyre. Globally, there are five subtropical gyres.

The centers of all subtropical gyres are associated with high atmospheric pressure. The rotation of each subtropical gyre causes a "hill" of water to pile up within it. The western boundary current of all subtropical gyres is intensified (it is fast, narrow, and deep). There are four main surface currents in each subtropical gyre. Globally, there are five subtropical gyres.

Which of the following best defines temperature?

The direct measure of the average kinetic energy of a substance's molecules.

Of the following statements about the doldrums, which is/are true? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) The doldrums are an area of low atmospheric pressure. The doldrums are the wind boundary between the trade winds and the prevailing westerlies. This is also known as the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). There is usually little wind but a lot of rain associated with the doldrums. The doldrums are the boundary between the northeast trade winds and the southeast trade winds.

The doldrums are an area of low atmospheric pressure This is also known as the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). There is usually little wind but a lot of rain associated with the doldrums. The doldrums are the boundary between the northeast trade winds and the southeast trade winds.

What would you expect weather to be like on the eastern coast of Australia if the western coast of South America were experiencing unusually warm, wet weather? The eastern coast of Australia would be experiencing unusually wet weather. The eastern coast of Australia would be experiencing unusually cool weather. The eastern coast of Australia would be experiencing unusually dry weather. The eastern coast of Australia would be experiencing unusually warm weather.

The eastern coast of Australia would be experiencing unusually dry weather

Why do ionic compounds dissolve readily in water? View Available Hint(s)

The electrostatic attraction between ions is weakened by the polarity of water.

As shown in the video, what causes the item to deflate? View Available Hint(s) It slowly seeps out over many hours. The higher pressure inside the item forces the air out into the lower pressure of the room. It gets heated up, which causes the air inside to expand. When the passage is blocked, the air has nowhere else to go. It explodes.

The higher pressure inside the item forces the air out into the lower pressure of the room.

Which attributes of the water molecule arise from the unique bend in its geometry?

The hydrogen end has a positive charge, and the oxygen end has a negative charge.

Which of the following statements is/are true about the formation or movement of hurricanes? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) The latent heat stored in water vapor provides the energy that fuels the storm. Most hurricanes form along the equator. The cyclonic flow of air currents in a hurricane is a result of the Coriolis effect. Hurricanes are storms that form over warm ocean water. Hurricanes generally travel from the east toward the west because of the trade winds.

The latent heat stored in water vapor provides the energy that fuels the storm. The cyclonic flow of air currents in a hurricane is a result of the Coriolis effect. Hurricanes are storms that form over warm ocean water. Hurricanes generally travel from the east toward the west because of the trade winds.

Which of the following statements about the Coriolis effect is correct? The magnitude of the Coriolis effect depends on how long the object is in motion. There is no Coriolis effect for objects moving due south from the equator. The Coriolis effect is strongest between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. The maximum Coriolis effect is at the equator, and there is no Coriolis effect at the poles.

The magnitude of the Coriolis effect depends on how long the object is in motion.

Which statement accurately describes the interaction between a water molecule and sodium chloride as it dissolves? View Available Hint(s) The negative oxygen end of the water molecule is attracted to the positive chloride ion.

The negative oxygen end of the water molecule is attracted to the positive sodium ion.

Of the following statements about the pH of seawater, which is/are true? Choose all that apply.

The pH of seawater is higher than that of pure water. The carbonate buffering system stabilizes the pH of seawater. Dissolving carbon dioxide in seawater decreases the pH of seawater.

At what latitude(s) on Earth is the speed of rotation the greatest? View Available Hint(s) 60 degrees north and south The speed of rotation is the same everywhere on Earth. 90 degrees north and south 30 degrees north and south 0 degrees

The speed of rotation is the same everywhere on Earth.

Of the following statements about seawater salinity, which is/are true? Choose all that apply.

The two most common dissolved components in seawater are sodium and chloride. Seawater salinity averages 3.5%. Seawater salinity averages 35 ppt.

What determines whether a front is called a cold front or a warm front? The type of front is determined by which air mass is older. The type of front is determined by which air mass is larger. The type of front is determined by which air mass is moving. The type of front is determined by which air mass is higher. The type of front is determined by which air mass is heavier.

The type of front is determined by which air mass is moving

Why are water molecules in a gas phase able to move rapidly and independently of each other?

There are no hydrogen bonds between water molecules in a gas phase, so each water molecule acts as an individual.

Of the following statements about seawater properties in high and low latitudes, which is/are true? Choose all that apply.

There is a thermocline in low latitudes. There is a halocline in low latitudes. There is a halocline in high latitudes. There is a pycnocline in low latitudes.

What is the air that sinks at latitudes of 30 degrees north and south like? This air is cool and wet. This air is warm and wet. This air is warm and dry. This air is cool and dry

This air is cool and dry

Of the following physical properties of the atmosphere, which is/are true? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) Warm air holds more water vapor than cool air. Air always moves from high-pressure regions toward low-pressure regions. Low pressure at the surface is associated with rising air (movement away from the surface). The air temperature is warmer near Earth's surface than in the upper part of the troposphere. The troposphere is heated from above because it is closer to the Sun at high altitudes. Cool air is less dense than warm air, so cool air rises.

Warm air holds more water vapor than cool air. Air always moves from high-pressure regions toward low-pressure regions. Low pressure at the surface is associated with rising air (movement away from the surface). The air temperature is warmer near Earth's surface than in the upper part of the troposphere.

Of the following statements about the density of freshwater and the formation of ice, which is/are true? Choose all that apply.

Water at 2°C is less dense than it is at 4°C. Water's maximum density is at 4°C. Ice is less dense than liquid water, which is why ice floats. As the temperature of water decreases from 4°C to 0°C, its density decreases.

Why does the water molecule have polarity?

Water is geometrically bent to give one side, or pole, a positive charge and the opposite side a negative charge.

Why is water able to dissolve salt?

Water molecules are polar and are attracted to the electrically charged ions that form salts.

Part complete Of the following properties of water, which is/are caused by the unusual geometry of water molecules? Choose all that apply.

Water molecules have polarity. Water has cohesion and surface tension. Water has the ability to dissolve just about anything. Water molecules form hydrogen bonds.

Which of the following best describes the Reverse Osmosis Method for desalination?

Water on the salty side of a semipermeable membrane is pushed under high pressure through the membrane to the freshwater side.

Of the following statements about the transfer of heat on Earth, which is/are true? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) Water vapor in the air carries latent heat with it, which is released in other areas. Ocean currents move warm water from the tropics to higher latitudes. Greenhouse gases in the air decrease the amount of heat retained by Earth's atmosphere. Earth's albedo reflects back into space all of the sunlight hitting Earth. Air currents move warmer air from the tropics to higher latitudes

Water vapor in the air carries latent heat with it, which is released in other areas. Ocean currents move warm water from the tropics to higher latitudes. Air currents move warmer air from the tropics to higher latitudes

The largest of the great ocean surface currents is the __________. View Available Hint(s) California Current West Wind Drift Equatorial Countercurrent Kuroshio Current Gulf Stream

West Wind Drift

Which of the following currents goes all the way around the world without being interrupted by land? View Available Hint(s) Equatorial Countercurrent East Wind Drift North Equatorial Current Labrador Current West Wind Drift

West Wind Drift

Why are tropical cyclones not likely to occur in mid-latitude regions? View Available Hint(s) Westerly winds steer cyclones into cooler ocean water. Mid-latitude regions are typically not affected by maritime tropical air masses. The Coriolis effect weakens in the mid-latitudes and cannot sustain cyclonic winds. Continental Arctic air masses dominate climate in mid-latitude regions. Easterly tradewinds prevent cyclones from reaching the mid-latitudes.

Westerly winds steer cyclones into cooler ocean water.

The observation that one subtropical boundary current is faster, narrower, and deeper than its counterparts is an example of which of the following? Ekman transport Geostrophic current Western intensification Equatorial upwelling Eastern intensification

Western intensification

Which of the following statements is/are true of sea ice? Choose all that apply.

When sea ice forms, the water molecules preferentially exclude any salt in the water, resulting in ice that is mostly fresh. Sea ice formation increases the salinity of remaining seawater.

Why is it colder in winter than in summer?

When the Northern or Southern Hemisphere of Earth is tilted away from the sun it is winter because that part of Earth receives less direct energy from the sun.

Which of the following is not one of the reasons why water is considered a universal solvent?

When the ions separate, they become attracted to identically charged water molecules.

In the figure above, if this is a western-facing coast of the Northern Hemisphere, which wind pattern would cause coastal downwelling? View Available Hint(s) Wind A Wind B Wind C Wind D All wind patterns would cause coastal downwelling.

Wind C

In the figure above, if this is a western-facing coast of the Southern Hemisphere, which wind pattern would cause coastal upwelling? View Available Hint(s) Wind A Wind B Wind C Wind D All four wind patterns would cause coastal upwelling.

Wind C

In which direction would winds move at the poles if Earth rotated in the opposite direction? Wind would move toward the southeast at both poles. Wind would move toward the northeast at both poles. Wind near the north pole would move to the northeast, and the wind near the south pole would move to the southeast. Wind near the north pole would move to the northwest, and the wind near the south pole would move to the southwest

Wind near the north pole would move to the northeast, and the wind near the south pole would move to the southeast.

Why does upwelling occur along the west coast of South America under normal conditions? Winds moving eastward in the South Pacific drive ocean currents toward the east; deep water rises to replace water driven eastward. Winds moving southward in the South Pacific drive ocean currents toward the south; deep water rises to replace water driven southward. Winds moving westward in the South Pacific drive ocean currents toward the west; deep water rises to replace water driven westward. Winds moving northward in the South Pacific drive ocean currents toward the north; deep water rises to replace water driven northward.

Winds moving westward in the South Pacific drive ocean currents toward the west; deep water rises to replace water driven westward.

What common household item is used in this video to demonstrate differences in atmospheric pressure? a balloon Silly Putty a can of soda oil and vinegar salad dressing a kitchen utensil

a balloon

What common household item is used in this video to demonstrate a technique used by oceanographers to measure seawater salinity?

a light bulb

The thermocline is _________________. a steep temperature gradient in the ocean that separates deeper cold water from warmer upper water a steep temperature gradient in the ocean that separates deeper warm water from colder upper water a steep gradient in the ocean that separates deeper saltier water from less salty upper water a steep gradient in the ocean that separates deeper less salty water from saltier upper water.

a steep temperature gradient in the ocean that separates deeper cold water from warmer upper water

The percentage of solar radiation reflected from the surface of Earth back into space is known as the __________. View Available Hint(s)

albedo

The principal reason that oil and water do not mix, even when shaken, is that oil molecules __________. View Available Hint(s)

are nonpolar whereas water molecules are polar

The basic building blocks of all matter are called ________.

atoms

Which of the following processes causes sea surface salinity to increase near the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn?

evaporation

Which of the following locations has/have the potential to reliably harness wind power as a renewable energy source? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) along the equator between 5 and 30 degrees latitude around 30 degrees latitude between 30 and 60 degrees latitude at the poles

between 5 and 30 degrees latitude between 30 and 60 degrees latitude

Compared to western boundary currents, eastern boundary currents are: shallow and swift. deep and swift. narrow and deep. broad and slow. broad and deep.

broad and slow.

Earth's polar regions (above 60° latitude) are classified as deserts because __________. View Available Hint(s) mountains surrounding the polar regions prevent moist air from moving into the areas the albedo is too great in those areas only snow falls in those areas, and snow is not considered to be precipitation all available water in the polar regions is tied up in glaciers and icecaps cold, dry sinking air in the polar high regions produces little precipitation

cold, dry sinking air in the polar high regions produces little precipitation

When a meander from the Gulf Stream pinches off into the warm water south of the current, the eddy is called a __________. View Available Hint(s) cyclonic circulation Langmuir cell warm-core eddy or ring cold-core eddy or ring geostrophic circulation

cold-core eddy or ring

Downwelling can result from __________. View Available Hint(s) converging surface currents an ocean current flowing over submerged banks or seamounts diverging surface currents Ekman transport away from a coast strong offshore winds

converging surface currents

The air in the center of the eye of the hurricane is ________ air moving ________. warm moist; upward warm moist; downward cool dry; downward cool dry; upward

cool dry; downward

In which direction must the merry-go-round be pushed to simulate the Coriolis effect on Earth? View Available Hint(s) back and forth clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere counterclockwise clockwise

counterclockwise

An increase in seawater density can be caused by a ________ in temperature or a/an ________ in salinity. increase; decrease decrease; increase decrease; decrease increase; increase

decrease; increase

The density curve for high latitudes shows ________ density at the surface and ________ density at depth.

decreased, increased

Deep ocean currents are driven primarily by ________ . Earth's rotation wind density differences bathymetry latitude

density differences

Thermohaline circulation is driven by: longitude. latitude. density differences. the Coriolis effect. wind.

density differences.

As the salinity of seawater increases, its:

density increases

Idealized pressure belts and wind systems are significantly modified by Earth's tilted axis of rotation and: differences in the heat capacities of the ocean and land. latitudinal variations in the Coriolis effect. Ekman transport. variations in incoming solar radiation over many years. differences in the latitudinal albedo

differences in the heat capacities of the ocean and land.

Which of the following processes can provide fresh drinking water from seawater? Choose all that apply.

distillation of evaporated seawater freeze separation of sea ice melting of icebergs

Converging surface waters are areas of ________ and ________ productivity. downwelling; low downwelling; high upwelling; high upwelling; low

downwelling; low

Which direction do ocean currents in the South Pacific move under El Niño conditions? eastward westward northward southward

eastward

Ocean frontal systems that spin off from currents such as the Gulf Stream, akin to atmospheric storms, are known as __________. View Available Hint(s) geostrophic flow meanders eddies

eddies

Subatomic particles with a negative charge are called ________.

electrons

If all the water in the ocean was evaporated and only the solid salt was left behind, how much salt would there be?

enough to form a layer about 500 feet thick that covers all of Earth

Which of the following two factors cause geostrophic circulation within a gyre? density and the wind. salinity and gravity. the wind and pressure. temperature and pressure. gravity and the Coriolis effect

gravity and the Coriolis effect

The intensity of solar radiation received at lower latitudes (near the equator) compared to higher latitudes (near the poles) is:

greater

Deep-water circulation brings oxygen from the surface to the deep ocean because of: greater dissolution of oxygen in colder water than warmer water. greater rates of photosynthesis in deep water. decrease in pH with depth. greater volcanic outgassing at the ocean surface. increase in pH with depth

greater dissolution of oxygen in colder water than warmer water.

Which property of water causes coastal communities to have only moderate differences in daily highs and lows when compared to inland communities?

high heat capacity

Which of the following processes is responsible for the high surface salinities in regions with hot climates? View Available Hint(s)

high rates of evaporation

As discussed in the video, air always moves from _____ atmospheric pressure regions to _____ atmospheric pressure regions. View Available Hint(s)

high; low

Human consumption of which of the following components of seawater helps prevent goiter?

iodine

Atoms that have lost or gained one or more electrons are called ________.

ions

The surface tension of water:

is relatively high.

Deep-water currents move ________ volumes of water and are much ________ than surface currents. larger; faster smaller; slower larger; slower smaller; faster

larger; slower

Which of the following substances releases the most hydrogen ions when dissolved in water?

lemon juice

In the figure above, which labeled location corresponds with direct sunlight over the equator? Choose all that apply.

location A location D

In the figure above, which labeled location marks the beginning of summer in the Northern Hemisphere?

location B

In the figure above, which of the following statements correspond with direct sunlight over the Tropic of Capricorn? Choose all that apply.

location C winter in the Northern Hemisphere

Why does the west coast of South Africa have high biological productivity? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) lots of coastal upwelling winds blowing away from shore low concentrations of phytoplankton lots of coastal downwelling high concentrations of nutrients in the surface water

lots of coastal upwelling high concentrations of nutrients in the surface water

As shown in the video demonstration, air has _____ electrical conductivity and a metal key has _____ electrical conductivity. View Available Hint(s)

low; high

What is the overall effect of the stronger than normal trade winds typical of La Niña conditions? raising of the South Pacific ocean temperature from normal conditions swapping of the South Pacific high and low pressure zones from normal conditions lowering of the South Pacific ocean temperature from normal conditions flipping of the South Pacific ocean current direction from normal conditions

lowering of the South Pacific ocean temperature from normal conditions

Fluctuations in the flow of the Gulf Stream current result in curving loops of water known as __________. View Available Hint(s) eddies fronts meanders

meanders

A group of two or more atoms held together by mutually shared electrons are called ________.

molecules

As demonstrated by the fluids shown in the video, the higher the salinity of a fluid, the __________ the light lit up.

more

Subatomic particles with a neutral charge are called ________.

neutrons

On what day(s) do all locations on Earth experience 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of night? Choose all that apply.

on the vernal equinox on the autumnal equinox

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding acidic and alkaline substances? Choose all that apply.

pH is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. pH stands for "power of hydrogen." Blood, eggs, and seawater have a similar pH, adding support to the theory that life originally evolved in the ocean.

Typically, the United States is influenced more by ________ air masses during the winter and more by ________ air masses during the summer. arctic; tropical arctic; polar tropical; arctic polar; arctic polar; tropical

polar; tropical

Warm currents flowing ________ on the ________ sides of continents produce warm, humid conditions. toward the equator; eastern poleward; eastern toward the equator; western poleward; western

poleward; eastern

Air warmed by the land that rises and is replaced by cooler air from the ocean may produce a: cold front. land breeze. sea breeze. typhoon. tropical cyclone.

sea breeze

Which of the following processes decrease seawater salinity? Choose all that apply.

sea ice melting river runoff precipitation

Which factor(s) below drive(s) and shape(s) the pattern of surface ocean currents? Choose all that apply. View Available Hint(s) density shape of the ocean basins salinity wind Coriolis effect

shape of the ocean basins wind Coriolis effect

Which type of ice found in the marine environment does NOT form from freezing seawater? View Available Hint(s) Ice floes Shelf ice Rafted ice Pancake ice Ice ribbons

shelf ice

Records indicate that the ocean is warming faster in the Arctic polar regions than elsewhere. If that continues, a possible consequence could be __________. View Available Hint(s) an increase in upwelling in the Arctic, resulting in increased surface biological productivity acceleration of deep ocean circulation, resulting in lower carbon dioxide levels in deep water increased albedo in the polar areas, resulting in the cooling of nearby landmasses slowing of deep ocean circulation, resulting in lower oxygen levels in deep water decreased humidity and precipitation in the Arctic region, resulting in aridity and the loss of boreal forests

slowing of deep ocean circulation, resulting in lower oxygen levels in deep water

Which of the following substances releases the most hydroxide ions when dissolved in water?

sodium hydroxide

Which way would wind travel in the region between 30 and 60 degrees latitude if Earth stopped rotating? north in the Southern Hemisphere and south in the Northern Hemisphere west in the Southern Hemisphere and north in the Northern Hemisphere south in the Southern Hemisphere and north in the Northern Hemisphere south in the Southern Hemisphere and east in the Northern Hemisphere

south in the Southern Hemisphere and north in the Northern Hemisphere

Sources of deep water in the ocean include all of the following except: northern subpolar latitudes. Arctic convergence. Antarctic convergence. subtropical convergences. southern subpolar latitudes.

subtropical convergences.

What common household item is used in this video to demonstrate how the ocean is layered based on density?

tap water, with a small amount of food coloring

The states of matter in which water exists is primarily determined by:

temperature

What are the two controlling factors that affect water density?

temperature and salinity

The two factors that are most important in determining the density of air are: temperature and salinity. temperature and ozone. temperature and water vapor content. carbon dioxide and water vapor content. nitrogen and water vapor content.

temperature and water vapor content.

What term is used to describe the effect on air movement produced by Earth's rotation? the air-Coriolis effect the air-rotation effect the Coriolis effect the rotation effect the rotation-Coriolis effect

the Coriolis effect

What is allowing electrical current to pass through tap water from one electrode to the other? View Available Hint(s)

the amount of salt (dissolved substances)

In which fluid did the bulb shine the brightest? View Available Hint(s)

the beaker filled with seawater

What is a front? the boundary between two air masses of different size the boundary between two water masses of different size the boundary between two land masses of different temperatures the boundary between two air masses of different temperatures the boundary between two water masses of different temperatures

the boundary between two air masses of different temperatures

Of the three different colored waters separated by slats, which one has the highest density?

the cold (blue) water, which has the lowest temperature

In comparison to wind energy, ocean currents can generate more clean, renewable energy because __________. View Available Hint(s) water turbines experience less fouling than wind turbines currents are more consistent than winds the density of water is greater than that of air water currents move more slowly than air currents devices that harness subsurface current energy are not exposed to weather like wind farms

the density of water is greater than that of air

The thickness of sea ice is limited primarily by __________. View Available Hint(s) the length of the winter season the insulating nature of the ice itself increased salinity of the water excluded from the crystal lattice of the sea ice heat conducted upward through the water column

the insulating nature of the ice itself

Hurricanes frequently make landfall on the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf coasts, but rarely, if ever, occur on the Pacific coast. The primary reason for the rarity of west coast hurricanes is that __________. View Available Hint(s) hurricanes do not occur in the eastern Pacific the Coriolis effect, necessary for the rotation of hurricanes, does not exist outside the tropics the western deserts keep the humidity too low for hurricanes to form the ocean water does not get warm enough to supply the needed heat energy for hurricanes the Rocky Mountains serve as a barrier to keep storms away from the coast

the ocean water does not get warm enough to supply the needed heat energy for hurricanes

Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of:

the polarity of water molecules.

The El Niño Southern Oscillation can best be described as: tidal differences between coastal Peru and Darwin, Australia. relative changes between two different atmospheric pressure systems at high altitude. wind speed and wind direction differences along the equator. the relationship between sea surface temperature and changing atmospheric pressure. variation in wind speed over the Pacific Ocean.

the relationship between sea surface temperature and changing atmospheric pressure

What is the Southern Oscillation? the swapping of high and low temperature zones in the South Pacific under El Niño conditions the swapping of high and low pressure zones in the South Pacific under normal conditions the swapping of high and low pressure zones in the South Pacific under El Niño conditions the swapping of high and low temperature zones in the South Pacific under normal conditions

the swapping of high and low pressure zones in the South Pacific under El Niño conditions

A layer of rapidly changing temperature with depth is called a ________.

thermocline

As a result of the Coriolis effect in the northern hemisphere, winds always are deflected: to the right of their original direction. to the left of their original direction. at a 45° angle from their original direction. to the east of their original direction. at a 90° angle from their original direction.

to the right of their original direction.

You just got your pilot's license, and you want to fly your plane from point A to point B. You remember from your oceanography class that you must account for the Coriolis effect when aiming for your destination. Where must you aim to land at point B? View Available Hint(s) to the north of B directly at B to the west of B to the east of B to the south of B

to the west of B

Cold currents flowing ________ on the ________ sides of continents produce arid conditions. poleward; eastern toward the equator; western poleward; western toward the equator; eastern

toward the equator; western

Equatorial currents are driven by the: Ekman transport. trade winds. Coriolis force. density. westerlies

trade winds.

. In a _____________, wind speeds are below 38 miles per hour.

tropical depression

A disorganized array of clouds and thunderstorms with little or no rotation is known as a

tropical disturbance.

The storm is given a name once it reaches the ______________ stage

tropical storm

Half or more of _______________ eventually become hurricanes.

tropical storm(s)

If winds are between 38 and 74 miles per hour, the condition is called a

tropical storm.

The lowermost portion of the atmosphere where most weather occurs is called the: troposphere. upper atmosphere. ozone layer. tropopause. stratosphere.

troposphere

About what percent of the wind's energy is transferred to the ocean surface? Fifty Five Two Ten Twenty

two

Under which conditions are droughts and wildfires common in Australia? under El Niño conditions under La Niña conditions under Walker Circulation conditions under normal conditions

under El Niño conditions

Surface waters are pushed away from land and replaced by nutrient-rich bottom water through: downwelling. sea breezes. land breezes. convergence. upwelling.

upwelling

Diverging surface waters are areas of ________ and ________ productivity. upwelling; low upwelling; high downwelling; high downwelling; low

upwelling; high

The Coriolis effect is due to changes in the ________ of Earth with latitude. velocity density temperature chemical composition pressure

velocity

All the following are true of the movement of Earth's atmosphere except : a column of warm, less dense air produces low pressure at the Earth's surface. a column of cool, dense air produces high pressure at the Earth's surface. cool air is denser than warm air so it tends to sink toward the Earth's surface. the movement of air within the atmospheric convection cells generates the Earth's major wind belts. warm air is less dense than cool air so it tends to sink toward the Earth's surface

warm air is less dense than cool air so it tends to sink toward the Earth's surface

The air surrounding of the eye of the hurricane is ________ air moving ________. cool dry; upward cool dry; downward warm moist; upward warm moist; downward

warm moist; upward

The temperate regions are characterized by: easterly winds. high pressure. trade winds. tropical cyclones. westerly winds.

westerly winds.

Surface ocean currents are driven primarily by ________ and modified by ________. density differences; the Coriolis effect and land density differences; differences in salinity and temperature wind; gravity and density latitude; differences in salinity and land wind; the Coriolis effect and land

wind; the Coriolis effect and land