ocean chapter 12

all of the following are adaptive solutions employed by marine organisms to prevent sinking EXCEPT:

decreasing cellular fat content

streamlining in fishes and other nektonic organism means that the minimum amount of energy is expended to swim through the water.

true

the hadal zone is associated with deep-ocean trenches

true

the neritic providence is associated with the continental shelf.

true

the science of classifying and naming animals is called taxonomy?

true

Plankton includes all organisms such as bacteria, algae, and animals that actively swim independently of ocean currents.

False

the majority of marine invertebrates are:

ISOTONIC WITH RESPECT TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT

which of the following associations is incorrect?

Kingdom Plantae- algae

stenothermal organisms are likely to be found in deep-ocean water.

true

cold, high-viscosity water benefits floating organisms more than warmer, low-viscosity water.

true

multi cellular, eukaryotic organisms that range in complexity from singe sponges to complex vertebrates belong to the Kingdom:

Animalia

A small size is advantageous for marine organisms because it:

all of the above

nekton are restricted to certain ocean areas by:

all of the above conditions may restrict the distribution of nekton.

when compared to their warmer water counterparts, cold-water plankton often:

are larger in size

neritic marine environments would be found:

associated with continental shelves

a. animalia b. archaea c. fungi d. plantae e. Protoctista

b. archae

which of the following statements concerning bacteria is false?

bacteria reproduce asexually only

the color pattern in which marine organisms are lights on the bottom and dark on the top of their bodies camouflaging them against water-air interface is:

countershading

organisms with small bodies, extremely large mouths, and sharp teeth are likely to be found in the:

bathypelagic zone

the sublittoral zone is the area:

below the inter tidal zone on the continental shelf

Marine Zone: hadal

benthic

Marine Zone: littoral

benthic

Marine Zone: subtidal

benthic

Marine zone: abyssal

benthic

Marine zone: bathyal

benthic

most marine species are found in:

benthic environments

abyssopelagic bathypelagic benthopelagic mesopelagic

benthopelagic

organisms of the mesopelagic zone are characterized by:

bioluminescence and large, sensitive eyes

osmotic pressure increases as the :

difference in salinity increases

lives on top of benthic sediments

epifuana

the euphotic zone is confined to the:

epipelagic zone

an organism that tolerates a wide range of salinity is referred to as:

euryhaline

Meroplankton are organisms that spend the larval phase of their life cycle associated with the ocean bottom and the adult part of the life cycle as plankton.

false

Phytoplankton are small in size as a result of predation pressure.

false

a euryhaline organism would be poorly adapted to living in coastal environments.

false

epifuanal organisms live deep within benthic sediments

false

osmosis occurs when salt ion diffuse through a selectively permeable membrane with a lower ion concentration.

false

species diversity and total biomass are greater in warm-water marine environments in comparison to cold-water marine environments.

false

the deep scattering layer is produced by mass of migrating phytoplankton.

false

the euphortic zone is contained entirely in the mesopelagic zone.

false

the lowest and most specific level in Linnaeus' classification is Family.

false

the majority of marine species are associated with the pelagic environment.

false

the oxygen minimum layer is found in the bathypelgic zone.

false

tropical marine organisms tend to grow more slowly, live longer, and are smaller in general than their cold-water counterparts

false

can never swim against a current

holoplankton

lives in benthic sediments

infuana

seagrass krill jellyfish floating Sargassum zooplankton

krill

an example of an organism that might be part of the infuana is/an

lug worm

floats for a portion of its life

meroplankton

planktonic organisms that spend part of their life in planktonic form, and the rest of their life as either benthos or nekton are called?

meroplankton

the seasonal temperature range in the deep ocean in usually:

negligible

swims for its entire life

nekton

which of the following word pairs link a descriptor with the way in which the organisms lives in the ocean?

nekton-swim

holoplankton macroplankton meroplankton nektoplankton picoplankton

nektoplankton

high-latitude ocean water tends to support large planktonic communities because:

of higher dissolved oxygen and nutrient concentrations.

the movement of a substance in solution from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration across a selectively permeable membrane in a living organism is called

passive transport

Marine Zone: mesopelagic

pelagic

marine zone: abyssopelagic

pelagic

Marine zone: epepelagic

pelagic, benthic

one reason the polar climates support higher biomass is that colder water can hold more dissolved oxygen than warmer water.

true

planktonic organisms often have needle-like structures that:

prevent sinking

organisms that cannot withstand large changes in temperatures are referred to as:

stenothermal

littoral sublittoral subneritic suboceanic supralittoral

suboceanic

a common body shape that streamlines an organism in the marine environment is a flattened body that:

tapers at the back end

compared to freshwater fishes, marine fish:

tend to lose water by osmosis since their internal salt concentration is lower than that of seawater