Oceanography Chapter 1

81) The very earliest forms of life probably ________. 81) _____ A) required an external food supply B) were similar to present-day anaerobic bacteria C) manufactured their own food supply by chemosynthesis D) manufactured their own food supply by photosynthesis

required an external food supply

38) Which ocean covers more than half of the ocean surface area on Earth? 38) _____ A) The Pacific Ocean B) The Atlantic Ocean C) The Indian Ocean D) The Southern Ocean E) The Antarctic Ocean

the Pacific Ocean

39) Which ocean is the single largest geographic feature on the planet? 39) _____ A) The Pacific Ocean B) The Atlantic Ocean C) The Indian Ocean D) The Southern Ocean E) The Antarctic Ocean

the Pacific Ocean

1) The four principal ocean basins (plus an additional ocean) on Earth are the ________. A) Atlantic, Antarctic, Southern, Mediterranean, and Pacific Oceans B) Antarctic, Arctic, Indian, Pacific, and Southern Oceans C) Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans D) Antarctic, Caspian, Southern, Indian, and Pacific Oceans E) Atlantic, Arctic, Mediterranean, Southern, and Pacific Oceans

Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans

9) The European "Age of Discovery" began with ________. 9) _____ A) Phoenician exploration of the Mediterranean B) Polynesian colonization of Pacific Islands C) Christopher Columbus' discovery of the "New World" D) Viking voyages to North America E) Ferdinand Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe

Christopher Columbus' discovery of the "New World"

17) Which of the following statements regarding continental and oceanic crust is TRUE? 17) _____ A) Continental crust is thinner and less dense than oceanic crust. B) Continental crust is thicker and denser than oceanic crust. C) Continental crust is thinner and denser than oceanic crust. D) Continental crust and oceanic crust have equivalent densities. E) Continental crust is thicker and less dense than oceanic crust.

Continental crust is thicker and less dense than oceanic crust

7) The first person we are aware of who determined the circumference of the Earth using trigonometry and the angle of sunlight at Alexandria, Egypt, was ________. A) Seneca B) Pytheas C) Herodotus D) Eratosthenes E) Ptolemy

Eratosthenes

59) Who was killed in the Philippines during his last sea voyage after a skirmish with local people? 59) _____ A) James Cook B) Giovanni Caboto C) Ferdinand Magellan D) Prince Henry the Navigator E) Vasco da Gama

Ferdinand Magellan

2) The largest of the ocean basins, which currently covers more than half of the ocean surface, is the ________. A) Pacific Ocean B) Arctic Ocean C) Atlantic Ocean D) Southern Ocean E) Indian Ocean

Pacific Ocean

5) The first humans from Western Hemisphere known to have developed the art of navigation were the ________. A) Vikings B) Phoenicians C) New Zealanders D) Greeks E) Polynesians

Phoenicians

6) The method of determining latitude in the Northern Hemisphere by measuring the angle between an observer's line of site to the North Star and line of site to the northern horizon was developed by ________. A) Ptolemy B) Herodotus C) Pytheas D) Eratosthenes E) Seneca

Pytheas

44) Which ocean is the shallowest ocean in the world? 44) _____ A) The Pacific Ocean B) The Atlantic Ocean C) The Indian Ocean D) The Arctic Ocean E) The Antarctic Ocean

The Arctic Ocean

45) Based on definition, it is more appropriate to consider which ocean as a sea? 45) _____ A) The Pacific Ocean B) The Atlantic Ocean C) The Indian Ocean D) The Arctic Ocean E) The Antarctic Ocean

The Arctic Ocean

42) Which ocean is similar in size and average depth to the Indian Ocean? 42) _____ A) The Arctic Ocean B) The Southern Ocean C) The Atlantic Ocean D) The Pacific Ocean E) The Indian Ocean

The Atlantic Ocean

43) Which ocean is mostly, but not entirely, in the southern hemisphere? 43) _____ A) The Pacific Ocean B) The Atlantic Ocean C) The Indian Ocean D) The Arctic Ocean E) The Antarctic Ocean

The Indian Ocean

47) Which of the following modern seven seas was also recognized by pre-15th century Europeans as one of their seven seas? 47) _____ A) The Red Sea B) The Indian Ocean C) The Caspian Sea D) The Black Sea E) The Mediterranean Sea

The Indian Ocean

48) Which ocean was considered by 14th century Europeans to be one of the seven seas? 48) _____ A) The Atlantic Ocean B) The Pacific Ocean C) The Indian Ocean D) The Arctic Ocean

The Indian Ocean

40) Which ocean is the deepest ocean in the world? 40) _____ A) The Pacific Ocean B) The Atlantic Ocean C) The Indian Ocean D) The Southern Ocean E) The Antarctic Ocean

The Pacific Ocean

41) Which ocean's name comes from a word meaning peace? 41) _____ A) The Arctic Ocean B) The Pacific Ocean C) The Indian Ocean D) The Antarctic Ocean E) The Atlantic Ocean

The Pacific Ocean

46) Which ocean is actually a part of three other oceans? 46) _____ A) The Atlantic Ocean B) The Pacific Ocean C) The Southern Ocean D) The Arctic Ocean E) The Indian Ocean

The Southern Ocean

4) Which of the following is TRUE concerning the deepest part of the ocean? 4) _____ A) The depth of this trench exceeds the height of Mount Everest. B) The deepest part of the ocean is located in a trench off the coast of Japan. C) The depth of this trench is estimated at 15,000 meters. D) The bottom of this trench has never been reached by a submersible. E) This trench is called the Philippine Trench.

The depth of this trench exceeds the height of Mount Everest

66) Earth is a layered sphere with the ________-density material found near the center of Earth and the ________- density material located near the surface. 66) _____ A) highest; highest B) lowest; lowest C) lowest; highest D) highest; lowest

highest; lowest

75) A cometary model of the formation of Earth's ocean must include the chemical difference between the ________ in comet ice and that in Earth's water. 75) _____ A) nitrogen B) hydrogen C) oxygen D) carbon

hydrogen

25) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. 25) _____ A) Black B) Mediterranean C) Indian D) Adriatic E) Caspian

indian

73) Most of Earth's water was derived from ________. 73) _____ A) outgassing B) the Sun's solar wind C) comet vaporization D) leftover gases from the nebula

outgassing

35) The study of the transmission of light and sound in the oceans is an example of ________ oceanography. 35) _____ A) chemical B) physical C) archaeological D) geological E) biological

physical

3) The average depth of the world's oceans is approximately ________. A) 3,682 meters (12,080 feet) B) 2,172 meters (7,126 feet) C) 5,280 meters (17,323 feet) D) 11,022 meters (36,161 feet) E) 840 meters (2,756 feet)

3,682 meters (12080 feet)

23) Earth is about ________. 23) _____ A) 6,000 years old B) 40 billion years old C) 4.6 billion years old D) 400,000 years old E) 4.6 million years old

4.6 billion years old

10) The European "Age of Discovery" ended with ________. 10) _____ A) Polynesian colonization of Pacific Islands B) Viking voyages to North America C) Ferdinand Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe D) Christopher Columbus' discovery of the "New World" E) Phoenician exploration of the Mediterranean

Ferdinand Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe

11) A tentative, testable statement about the general nature of a phenomenon is called a/an ________. 11) _____ A) hypothesis B) observation C) guess D) law E) theory

Hypothesis

58) Who was killed in Hawaii during his last sea voyage after a skirmish with local people? 58) _____ A) James Cook B) Vasco da Gama C) Prince Henry the Navigator D) Ferdinand Magellan E) Giovanni Caboto

James Cook

24) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. 24) _____ A) Indian B) Arctic C) Atlantic D) Mediterranean E) Pacific

Mediterranean

12) Plate tectonics and evolution, which are held with a high degree of confidence because of rigorous testing and verification, are examples of ________. 12) _____ A) hypotheses B) guesses C) laws D) theories E) observations

Theories

8) Most of the explorations by northern and western Europeans during the Middle (Dark) Ages were undertaken by ________. 8) _____ A) Vikings of Scandinavia B) Portugal C) France D) Italy E) Spain

Vikings of Scandinavia

37) Which of the following statements about the Pacific Ocean is TRUE? 37) _____ A) The Pacific Ocean is about three times larger than the next largest ocean. B) The Pacific Ocean covers more than two-thirds of the ocean surface area on Earth. C) The Pacific Ocean spans more than one-half of Earth's entire surface. D) The Pacific Ocean is the second largest geographic feature on the planet. E) All of the continents could fit into the space occupied by the Pacific Ocean.

all of the continents could fit into the space occupied by the Pacific Ocean

30) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. 30) _____ A) Asthenosphere B) Granite C) Basalt D) Oceanic crust E) Continental crust

asthenosphere

71) Isostatic adjustments are the result of the buoyancy of Earth's lithosphere as it floats on the ________ below which is denser and plastic like. 71) _____ A) mesosphere B) asthenosphere C) inner core D) outer core

asthenosphere

29) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. 29) _____ A) Atmosphere B) Mesosphere C) Core D) Asthenosphere E) Lithosphere

atmosphere

16) Oceanic crust is primarily ________. 16) _____ A) granite B) clay minerals C) siltstone D) basalt E) carbonate sedimentary rocks

basalt

69) Oceanic crust is predominantly composed of the igneous rock called ________. 69) _____ A) basalt B) anorthosite C) peridotite D) granite E) tonalite

basalt

28) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. 28) _____ A) Theory B) Testing C) Observation D) Hypothesis E) Belief

belief

15) The separation of the Earth into layers while it was molten was the result of the ________. 15) _____ A) initial collection of materials and their position in Earth B) differing densities of the elements that make up the Earth C) gravitational force created by the rotating Earth D) presence of water at Earth's surface E) decrease in temperature downward toward the core

differing densities of the elements that make up the Earth

68) Based on physical properties, Earth consists of ________ layers 68) _____ A) five B) four C) three D) two

five

34) The study of the structure of the sea floor and how the sea floor has changed through time is an example of ________ oceanography. 34) _____ A) chemical B) geological C) physical D) archaeological E) biological

geological

70) Continental crust is predominantly composed of the igneous rock called ________. 70) _____ A) anorthosite B) peridotite C) tonalite D) basalt E) granite

granite

26) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. 26) _____ A) Eratosthenes B) Magellan C) Herodotus D) Pytheas E) Ptolemy

magellan

19) Current scientific knowledge indicates that the most likely origin of most of Earth's oceans was due to ________. 19) _____ A) water vapor released from volcanic outgassing B) water-bearing minerals found in meteorites C) comets from outer space D) release of liquid water from the core

water vapour released from volcanic outgassing