oceanography chapter 4 mastering questions

Pelagic clays contain lots of material that settles to the seafloor through the water column and are:

less than 30% biogenous material.

Abyssal clay

lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment

Calcium carbonate is most likely to dissolve in water with which characteristic?

low salinity

Cosmogenous sediment consists of two main types of sediment:

microscopic spherules and macroscopic meteor debris.

The type of marine sediment that forms the thickest deposits worldwide is:

neritic, lithogenous sediment deposits.

Sediments found on continental margins are called:

neritic.

Which of the following contains silica (SiO2)?

radiolarians

All the following are examples of hydrogenous sediment except : manganese nodule. halites. evaporites. phosphates. stromatolites.

stromatolites.

The term referring to the size and shape of sediment particles is ________.

texture

Oolites are an example of which of the following sediment types?

Hydrogenous Sediment

Abyssal clay is an example of which of the following sediment types?

Lithogenous Sediment

High-energy environments are most likely to deposit which one of the following?

large particles such as gravel

Chondrites are an example of which of the following sediment types?

Cosmogenous Sediment

Which of the following natural gasses is most common in gas hydrates from under the ocean floor?

Methane

Which of the following marine resources is used to make wallboard or sheet rock?

Evaporative salts

Which of the following resources found in ocean sediments has the greatest economic value?

Petroleum

China currently supplies about 90% of which of the following resources?

Rare-earth elements

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Glaciers Siliceous ooze Turbidity currents Rivers Volcanic ash

Siliceous ooze

Ocean sediments consist of particles that have slowly settled out of the water by which of the following the processes?

Suspension settling

The most likely place to find abundant manganese nodules is on the:

abyssal plain far from a continent.

Diatomaceous ooze, Stromatolites, Coccolithophores, Siliceous ooze

biogenous sediment

Siliceous ooze is an example of which of the following sediment types?

biogenous sediment

Stromatolites are an example of which of the following sediment types?

biogenous sediment

Marine sediments that originate in the warm tropical surface ocean would create deposits in the deep sea composed primarily of ___________.

calcium carbonate

tektites

cosmogenous sediment

The deposition of coarse-grained lithogenous material in neritic environments along continental margins is an example of the ________ of biogenous sediment.

dilution

A very important way to increase the settling rate of fine particles in the open ocean is via:

fecal pellets.

Which of the following contains calcium carbonate (CaCO3)?

foraminferans

The main energy resources associated with marine sediments are petroleum and ________.

gas hydrates

Sediments that are poorly sorted were most likely deposited by:

glacier

halite, manganese modules, oolites, metal sulfides

hydrogenous sediment