Oceanography chapter 6
water vapor
most abundant greenhouse gas that also influences air density
when melting and snow accumulation are equal
Under what conditions will the front of a glacier remain stationary?
7
How many wind and pressure systems are contained within Earth's atmosphere?
to the right in the Northern Hemisphere, and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere
How would a moving object in Earth's atmosphere be deflected as a result of Earth's rotation?
counterclockwise
Low-pressure regions in the northern hemisphere rotate:
F
A maritime polar air mass is likely to be dry and cold. T or F
cool, dry
A zone of high atmospheric pressure results when there is relatively __________ air aloft.
migrates south of the equator in Northern Hemisphere winter and North during the summer`
How does the location of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) change over time?
albedo
The percentage of solar radiation reflected from the surface of Earth back into space is known as the __________.
the insulating nature of the ice itself
The thickness of sea ice is limited primarily by __________.
F
The trade winds can be found between 30° and 60°N and S latitudes. T or F
temperature and water vapor content
The two factors that are most important in determining the density of air are:
trade winds
The wind belt(s) with strong, reliable, generally easterly winds is (are) the:
which air mass is moving
What determines whether a front is called a cold front or a warm front?
heating from the sun
What drives Hadley cell circulation?
cool and dry
What is the air that sinks at latitudes of 30 degrees north and south like?
Higher salinity
When ice forms from seawater, the remaining seawater will have a:
in the atmosphere near the equator
Where are Hadley cells found?
North
Which direction would an airplane deflect if flying across South Africa from the west coast to the east coast?
typhoon, cyclone, and hurricane
Which of the following names mean "tropical cyclone"? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY. typhoon cyclone hurricane monsoon tornado
south in the Southern Hemisphere and north in the Northern Hemisphere
Which way would wind travel in the region between 30 and 60 degrees latitude if Earth stopped rotating?
Air in anticyclones undergoes warming as the air descends.
Why are anticyclones not generally associated with clouds and rain?
Air in cyclones undergoes cooling as it rises.
Why are cyclones generally associated with clouds and rain?
they receive more direct sunlight
Why does air tend to rise in equatorial regions?
Rising warm air cools
Why does rain occur near a cold front?
Cooled air moves north toward the equator and is deflected toward the west by the Coriolis effect.
Why does wind between the equator and 30 degrees south come out of the southeast?
Rising, moist air cools. As air cools, water condenses and eventually falls.
Why is heavy rain associated with hurricane formation?
Condensation releases heat, providing energy to the hurricane
Why is warm, moist air considered the "fuel" for a hurricane?
deflected towards the east
Winds blowing out of the north toward the south in the southern hemisphere will appear to:
F
Within the troposphere, the atmosphere gets warmer with increasing altitude. T or F
Cyclone
a center of low atmospheric pressure
end moraine
a ridge of debris deposited at the end of a glacier
500 miles
how big can the diameter of a hurricane become
Pieces of rock are transported to the front of a glacier as ice within the glacier moves.
how does and end moraine form
a front
the boundary between two air masses of different temperatures
Coriolis Effect
the deflection of moving objects to the right in the Northern Hemisphere, and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere is known as the
tropical cyclone
what is a low-pressure disturbance that develops over warm, tropical waters?
polar fronts
what is a valid name of boundaries between global wind belts or at the poles
a center of high atmospheric pressure
what is an anticyclone
doldrums
what is an area of low atmospheric
prevailing westerlies
what is associated with middle latitude storms, such as those that originate in the North Pacific Ocean between 40 and 60 degrees latitude
the elevation above which snow persists throughout the year
what is the snow line
lower and middle latitudes
where are tropical cyclones found
where more snow falls in winter than melts away in summer
where do glaciers form?
summer solstice
The Sun reaches its most northerly point in the sky, directly overhead along the Tropic of Cancer, during the:
Yes, because glacial ice is still moving inside the glacier even if the glacier's front is not advancing.
Will plucking occur if a glacier is not advancing?
T
Warm air can hold more water vapor than cold air. T or F
Counter clockwise
Which way does air converge on a cyclone in the Northern Hemisphere?
Clockwise
Which way does air converge on a cyclone in the Southern Hemisphere?
down and clockwise
Which way does air move in an anticyclone in the Northern Hemisphere
down and counter clockwise
Which way does air move in an anticyclone in the Southern Hemisphere?
right
Which way would an airplane deflect if flying from the North Pole toward the equator?
west
Which way would an airplane deflect if flying from the North Pole toward the equator? ( cardinal direction)
south
Which way would an airplane deflect if flying from the West Coast of the United States toward the East Coast of the United States?
in the same direction as air in the upper atmosphere
How does air move near the top of a cyclone?
F
T or F . An iceberg is a variety of sea ice
along and behind
Where does rain occur in a cold front
Inter-tropical Convergence Zone
area where warm, moist air rises close to the equator
westerly winds
the temperate regions are characterized by
30%
The average albedo of Earth's surface is about:
Saffir-Simpson
The intensity of tropical cyclones is measured by meteorologists using the __________ scale.
T
The large atmospheric circulation cells that occur between the equator and 30° latitude in each hemisphere are called Hadley cells. T or F
troposphere
The lowermost portion of the atmosphere where most weather occurs is called the:
polar easterlies
prevailing wind pattern at polar latitudes
High pressure low pressure
Air always moves from______ regions toward ________ regions
Sea Breeze
Air warmed by the land that rises and is replaced by cooler air from the ocean may produce a:
cold, dry sinking air in the polar high regions produces little precipitation
Earth's polar regions (above 60° latitude) are classified as deserts because __________.
C
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A. maximum sustained winds B. minimum central pressure C. sea surface salinity D. storm surge E. storm diameter
B
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A. nitrogen B. albedo C. oxygen D. troposphere E. water vapor
T
The Coriolis effect describes how moving objects on Earth appear to follow curved paths due to Earth's rotation. Tor F
T
The Saffir-Simpson scale rates the relative intensity of tropical cyclones. T or F
T
The angle at which direct sunlight strikes the ocean's surface is important in determining the amount of solar energy that is absorbed.
F
The autumnal equinox occurs when the sun is directly overhead along the equator in March. T or F
Tropopause
boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere
troposphere
lowest portion of atmosphere
nitrogen and oxygen
the atmosphere is composed almost entirely of
zone of wastage
the part of a glacier where snow melting exceeds snow accumulation
along and in front
where does rain exist in a warm front
23.5 N latitude
where is the tropic of cancer located at
