Oceanography final
Oxygen comprises about ______ percent of the Earths present atmosphere.
20%
A full lunar tidal cycle is ______.
24 hours and 50 min in duration
Although coral reefs cover less than half a percent of the oceans surface area, they are home to _______ of all marine species.
25%
On average, close to _____ percent of the commercial catch is discarded as bycatch
25%
The Earth is approximately ________.
4.6 billion years old
Nearly how many argo floats are operating worldwide?
4000
An estimated _____ of wetlands worldwide have been destroyed in the past century.
50%
Scientist currently have documented the existence of more than _______ dead zones.
500
Deep ocean currents occur in the deep zone below the pycnocline, so they influence about ____ of all ocean water.
90%
More than _____ of the approximately 230,000 known marine species live in diverse environments within or on the ocean floor.
98%
What percent pf the oceans biomass relies either directly or indirectly on organic mater supplied by photosynthetic primary productivity?
99.9%
Satellites are used to map the ocean floor because:
All of the above statements are correct
Which of the following is deigned to prevent or retard shoreline erosion?
All of these are used to try to prevent or retard shoreline erosion
Which set of fins is used as stabilizers?
Anal and caudal
Which of the following is the only current that completely circumscribes Earth?
Antarctic Circumpolar
The four principal ocean basins (plus an additional ocean) on Earth are the ______
Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans
If one were to walk from the ocean landward across a barrier island complex, in which order would one encounter the following environments?
Beach, dune, barrier flat, high marsh, low marsh
What does CCD stand for?
Carbonate Compensation Depth
which of the following is true for downwelling?
Carries dissolved oxygen to the deep-sea floor
Which of the following statements about coastal waters is correct?
Coastal waters serve as nursery grounds for many species that inhabit the open ocean.
which conditions in the ocean promote high productivity?
Cold water, rich nutrients
The ________ is a transition zone between the continental slope and deep-ocean floor comprised of a huge submerged pile of debris.
Continental rise
Older lithosphere is destroyed in association with:
Deep-sea trenches
Compared to an eastern boundary current in a gyre, which of the following statements is true for a western boundary current?
Deeper currents, increased current velocity, warmer water, and narrower current are all true of western boundary currents
Large deposits of sediment at the mouths of rivers are called:
Deltas
Which of the following Is found at a depositional shore?
Deltas
Deep ocean currents are driven by _______ and caused by _________.
Density differences; differences in salinity and temp
Which of the following is an example of an oceanic-oceanic divergent plate boundary?
East Pacific Rise
Longitude lines are either ______ or _______
East or West
When the tides appear to move water away from the shore it is called ________.
Ebb tide
When the tides appear to move water in toward the shore it is called _______.
Flood tide
Which of the following is NOT an eastern boundary current?
Gulf Stream
The particle size on a beach _______.
Is related to whatever material is locally available
_______ protect a harbor or bay entrance and usually occurs in pairs.
Jetties
A _____ is the time that elapses between when the moon is directly overhead and the next time the moon is directly overhead.
Lunar Day
Which of the following is the deepest trench?
Mariana
Which of the following is a feature of an emerging shoreline?
Marine terraces
Latitude lines are either _____ or _______
North or South
Convergent active margins are associated with which type of boundary?
Oceanic-Continental convergent
The largest of the ocean basins, which currently covers more than half of the ocean surface is the ________.
Pacific Ocean
Which of the following was used as evidence for continental drift?
Paleomagnetic reversals
The correct order of seafloor features from the coast to the mid-ocean ridge is _______.
Shelf, slope, rise, abyssal plain
The longshore current generally flows which direction along both the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts of the US?
Southward
A linear ridge of sediment attached to land at one end might be called a:
Spit
Identify the mismatched pair.
Squid—Annelid
Which of the following statements is true of surface ocean currents?
Surface currents form circular patterns in the major ocean basins called "gyres".
Which of the following is TRUE concerning the deepest part of the ocean?
The depth of this trench exceeds the height of Mount Everest
Plate tectonics and evolution, which are held with a high degree of confidence because of rigorous testing and verification, are example of _______.
Theories
Which of the following occurs when seafloor spreading rates increase?
There is a rise in sea level
which of the following occurs when seafloor spreading rates increase?
There is a rise in sea level
The function of a swim bladder is ______.
To allow a fish to change position in the water column
_________ is the upward movement of cold, deep, nutrient-rich water to the surface
Upwelling
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does NOT fit the pattern.
Ventral
Highly productive areas of coastal upwelling are found along the ________ margins of continents, where surface currents are moving ________ the equator.
Western; toward
Surface ocean currents are driven primarily by ________ and modified by ________.
Wind; the Coriolis effect and land
The ______ zone includes more than 80% of the benthic environment
abyssal
The _____ zone has no light, and it exist below about 1000 meters (3300 ft)
aphotic
Organisms with small bodies, extremely large mouths, and sharp teeth are likely to be found in the
bathypelagic zone
Which set of fins is used for moving fast?
caudal and pectoral
The area of the ocean that produces the largest standing stock of commercial fish is in the:
coastal areas
Sediment is supplies to the coastal zone by ______.
coastal erosion local biological activity rivers
The Mid-Atlantic ridge is an example of a ______.
divergent plate boundary
Converging surface waters are areas of ________ and ________ productivity.
downwelling; low
A grunion is a marine _______ that comes completely out of the water to spawn.
fish
Which of the following contains calcium carbonate
foraminiferans
The attraction between earth and the moon is an example of _______ force
gravitational
Geostrophic circulation is within a gyre driven by:
gravity and the Coriolis effect
Coastal wetlands are characterized by:
high levels of organic matter in the tidal zone and oxygen poor muds .
If the side of the Earth that faces the moon experiences a high tide, then the side of the Earth that is opposite from the moon will have a/an:
high tide
Earth is a layered sphere with the ________-density material found near the center of Earth and the ________- density material located near the surface.
highest; lowest
A tentative, testable statement about the general nature of a phenomenon is called a _______?
hypothesis
Eustatic changes in sea level might include:
increased glacial melting due to the global warming.
Tidal movement, turbidity currents, wind stress, and even passing ships at the surface create ________ waves.
internal
The maximum sustainable yield (MSY) is best defined as ______.
largest catch that can be taken without overfishing.
Warm air is _______ dense, so it ______.
less; rises
Compared with solar day, a lunar day is _______.
longer than a solar day
In the ocean, where are the youngest rocks found?
mid-ocean ridges
Cold air is ______ dense, so it _______.
more; sinks
The Hawaiian islands are located where the pacific plate is _______
moving over a hotspot or mantle plume
The term bycatch or incidental catch refers to
non-target species that are caught along with commercial species.
New lithosphere is produced in association with:
oceanic ridges
The gently sloping and fast-spreading parts of the mid-ocean ridge are called ______.
oceanic rises
The number of organisms present in the surface water above the ocean floor is called _____.
productivity
The method that is used most frequently to investigate sediment and rock layers of the sea floor is _____.
sound waves (specifically seismic reflecting profiling)
The mass of a population of fish present at a given time is called its
standing stock
The single most important factor that determines the distribution of life in the oceanic province is _______.
sunlight
The two factors that are most important in determining the density of air are ______.
temperature and water vapor content
Relatively few abyssal plains are located in the Pacific Ocean due to ______.
the presence of convergent active margins
Relatively few abyssal plains are located in the pacific due to
the presence of convergent active margins
Satellites are used to map the ocean floor because ________.
the shape of the ocean surface reflects large features on the seafloor
The Ekman spiral is caused by _______.
the wind and the Coriolis effect
The vertical difference between consecutive high and low tides is called the _______.
tidal rage
As a result of the Coriolis effect in the northern hemisphere, winds always are deflected:
to the right of their original direction.
Equatorial currents are driven by the:
trade winds
An area that experiences semidiurnal tides will have:
two high tides and two low tides of nearly equal height daily
Diverging surface waters are areas of ________ and ________ productivity.
upwelling; high
The Bay of Fundy is well known for which tidal characteristic?
very high tidal range
Worldwide, scientists estimate that there are about 125,000 known seamounts, many of which originated at ________ centers.
volcanic
Waves converge on headlands due to:
wave refraction
A tidal current can produce a rapidly spinning body of water called a vortex or ________.
whirlpool
