Odyssey Characters and Literary Terms

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Cicones

Citizens of Thrace, allies of Troy; Odysseus and his men raid Thrace after they leave Troy. After the crew loots too much, these people kill six men per ship.

epithet

an adjective or descriptive phrase expressing a quality characteristic of the person or thing mentioned

Achaeans

another word for the Greeks; specifically, the people in northeastern Greece.

Tiresias

blind prophet who advised Odysseus

hubris

excessive pride/ arrogance

Charybdis

female monster who sucks water to form a deadly whirlpool

Poseidon

god of the sea, earthshaker

Hermes

messenger and herald of the gods

Telemachus

son of Odysseus and Penelope, heir to the throne of Ithaca, young prince, poised

Helios

sun god, mad at Odysseus for eating his cattle

Laertes

the father of Odysseus

Calypso

the sea nymph who detained Odysseus for seven years

invocation to the muse

the summoning of a deity or the supernatural asking for help to tell a story/ work on a piece of art; the poet's appeal to the goddess of poetry

Underworld

the world of the dead

Homeric simile

Compare heroic or epic events to simple and easily understandable everyday events; long--usually over many lines.

the Sirens

Creatures who can spellbind any man alive who catches their voice in the air. Ravishing singers

Ithaca

Home of Odysseus

Alcinous

King of the Phaeacians, who helps Odysseus.

Zeus

King of the gods

Phaeacia

Land where Nausicaa and her parents rule - they hear Odysseus' story and help him get home.

Lotus Eaters

Legendary people visited by Odysseus, they live on a plant whose fruit induces stupor and forgetfulness of home

Odysseus

Main character of the Odyssey. Son of Laertes and Anticleia, husband of Penelope and father of Telemachus. A cunning, shrewd and eloquent hero.

Circe

The "lustrous witch-goddess" who transforms Odysseus's crew into swine when he lands on her island.

Penelope

The wife of Odysseus and a symbol of devotion and fidelity

Homer

A Greek poet, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey

Polyphemus

A cyclops (one-eyed giant) and son of Poseidon

Antinous

Bold suitor, leader of the suitors, first to get shot with arrow.

Troy

A kingdom that was destroyed by the Greeks in the Trojan War. It is located on the western coast of Asia Minor

odyssey

A long journey

epic hero

A main character in an epic whose legendary or heroic actions are central to his/her culture, race, or nation.

Aeolus

A mortal whom Zeus has appointed keeper of the winds.

Olympus

A mountain in Greece, which is home to many of the gods and goddesses

Laestrygonians

A race of cannibals who throw boulders at Odysseus' ships

Scylla

6 headed monster lives on this island

Cyclopes

Race of one-eyed monsters who live lawless and don't fear the gods

Athena

Sparkling eyed goddess, gray eyed goddess, and favorite daughter of Zeus. Greek goddess of wisdom, war and peace; friend of Odysseus

hero's journey

a character follows steps in order to accomplish a task or transform into a better person

epic

a long narrative poem from the oral tradition about the deeds and adventures of a hero and is meant to teach us about life

mythology

a set of beliefs held by a culture

in medias res

a story that begins in the middle of things; starting in the middle, so most of the story is a flashback


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