On your own
Implication for reversibility
Suggest that if ease exercising for a period of time, you will lose the benefits of exercising
internisty is a apparently more important than repetition T/F
T
Peak bone mineral density achieved by females is
less than that achieved by males.
athletes who are amenorrheic are more likely to devolve
lower peak bone mass than athletes with normal menstrual function
Peak of stress fracture is between ages
10 and 15.
Most Females by what age they should have amassed 85-90% of bone mineral content
18
Most males by what age they should have amassed 85-90% of bone mineral content
20
Peak bone mass is typically attained between ages
30-35
What groups are most at risk for either stress responses or stress fractures
Amenorrheic female athletes young growing athletes of both sexes
Implication for specificity
Applies to the specific bones being stressed
Implication for individualization
Different people responding exercise differently.
stress fracture refers to
Hairline break in the bone that occurs in the absence of acute trauma. is clincally systematic
Define osteoporosis
Loss of mineral bone density, resulting in bones that are weak and susceptible to fracture
stress response (stress reaction) refers to
Maladaptive areas of bone hyperactivity where the balance between absorption and deposition is progressively lost such that resorption exceeds deposition
why people are at risk for either stress responses or stress fractures
May due to normal imbalance between bone matrix formation and mineralization. fatigued from overuse
peak bone mass and mineral density are influenced by
Mechanical factors, nutrition, hormonal levels, and genetics
lose the protective influence of estrogen, and the rate of bone loss is accelerated if estrogen is not pharmacologically replaced.
Menopause women
Has a positive effect on bone health
Physical activity
Four principles of training
Specificity, overload, individualization, and reversibility
Define amenorrhea
The absence of menses and may be classified as either primary or secondary.
During the entire time, osteoblastic activity outweigh osteoclastic activity to yield a net gain of bone T/F
True
Skeletal consolidation phase occurs when peak bone mass occurs T/F
True
Primary amenorrhea refers to
a late or delayed menarche
First 20 years of life are characterized by
active growth in bone mass.
Implication for overload
can be manipulated by increasing repetitions or intensity
Secondary amenorrhea refers to the
cessation of menstruation or menstrual periods that occur at intervals greater than 90 days after an established periodicity has been achieved
osteopenia is a condition of
decreased levels of bone mineral density
Skeletal consolidation phase occurs during
early adulthood, when peak bone mass occurs.
Is important determinet of BMD
genetically determined limits to the amount of DMD
childern and adolescents should be encouaged to participate in
high impact activities for bone development
Is necessary to develop a strong skeleton system
nutrtion calcium intake
Diagnosed when BMD is greater than one SD below but no more than 2.5 SD below values for young and normal adults
osteopenia
a condition of porosity and decreased BMD
osteoporosis
defined as BMD greater than 2.5 SD below normal young and adults
osteoporosis
the only way to achieve gentic potential is to
pay careful attention to the factors than an individual can modify
The Mechanical factors affecting bone are
physical activity and gravity
this principle apple to bone
reversibility
neither the level of activity needed to maintain bone mineral density or at which bone loss occurs nor the rate of bone loss is known
reversibility principle
Established Osteoporosis refers to
the condition of osteoporosis as defined and one or more fractures
Genetic makeup determined
the limits to the amount of DMD
overload principle
weight-bearing exercises result in positive adaptations to the skeleton
peak bone mass and mineral density are developed during
young adulthood
