Oncology

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving chemotherapy and has a platelet count of 30,000/mm3. Which statement by the client indicates a need for additional teaching? "I removed all the throw rugs from the house." "I use an electric razor to shave." "I floss my teeth every morning." "I take a stool softener every morning."

"I floss my teeth every morning."

A client is recovering from a craniotomy with tumor debulking. Which comment by the client indicates to the nurse a correct understanding of what the surgery entailed? "I am so glad the doctor was able to remove the entire tumor." "I will be glad to finally be done with treatments for this thing." "I guess the doctor could not remove the entire tumor." "Thank goodness the tumor is contained and curable."

"I guess the doctor could not remove the entire tumor."

Following surgery for adenocarcinoma, the client learns the tumor stage is T3,N1,M0. What treatment mode should the nurse anticipate? Palliative care is likely. Repeat biopsy is needed before treatment begins. Adjuvant therapy is likely. No further treatment is indicated.

Adjuvant therapy is likely.

A patient is to receive Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), a nonspecific biologic response modifier. Why would the patient receive this form of treatment? For skin cancer For cancer of the lungs For cancer of the bladder For cancer of the breast

For cancer of the bladder

A client with a nagging cough makes an appointment to see the physician after reading that this symptom is one of the seven warning signs of cancer. What is another warning sign of cancer? Persistent nausea Chronic ache or pain Indigestion Rash

Indigestion

Which is a growth-based classification of tumors? Leukemia Carcinoma Malignancy Sarcoma

Malignancy

The nurse performs a breast exam on a client and finds a firm, non-moveable lump in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast that the client reports was not there 3 weeks ago. What does this finding suggest? Normal finding Benign fibrocystic disease Malignant tumor Malignant tumor with metastasis to surrounding tissue

Malignant tumor

The nurse at the clinic explains to the patient that the surgeon will be removing a mole on the patient's back that has the potential to develop into cancer. The nurse informs the patient that this is what type of procedure? Palliative Prophylactic Reconstructive Diagnostic

Prophylactic

The nurse is caring for a 39-year-old woman with a family history of breast cancer. She requested a breast tumor marking test and the results have come back positive. As a result, the client is requesting a bilateral mastectomy. This surgery is an example of what type of oncologic surgery? Palliative surgery Salvage surgery Prophylactic surgery Reconstructive surgery

Prophylactic surgery

A young client has been diagnosed with cancer that has metastasized to the lungs. During client education, the client's mother asks about tumor staging and its relation to her child's condition. What stage would the nurse expect this client's tumor to be assigned? Stage I Stage III Stage 0 Stage IV

Stage IV

The nursing instructor is discussing the difference between normal cells and cancer cells with the pre-nursing class in pathophysiology. What would the instructor cite as a characteristic of a cancer cell? The cell membrane of malignant cells contains proteins called tumor-specific antigens. Malignant cells contain more fibronectin. Chromosomes are commonly found to be strong. Nuclei of cancer cells are large and regularly shaped.

The cell membrane of malignant cells contains proteins called tumor-specific antigens.

A 36-year-old man is receiving three different chemotherapeutic agents for Hodgkin's disease. The nurse explains to the client that the three drugs are given over an extended period because: The three drugs have a synergistic effect and act on the cancer cells with different mechanisms. The second and third drugs increase the effectiveness of the first drug. The first two drugs are toxic to cancer cells, and the third drug promotes cell growth. The three drugs can be given at lower doses.

The three drugs have a synergistic effect and act on the cancer cells with different mechanisms.

The nurse is teaching a client about cancer prevention. The nurse evaluates teaching as most effective when a female client states that she will Decrease tobacco smoking from one pack/day to half a pack/day. Use sunscreen when outdoors. Obtain a cancer history from her parents. Exercise 30 minutes 3 times each week.

Use sunscreen when outdoors.

The root cause of cancer is damage to cellular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which can be caused by many factors, or carcinogens. What factors can be carcinogenic? Select all that apply. viruses gender age dietary substances environmental factors

Viruses Dietary substances Environmental factors

A nurse is caring for a client receiving chemotherapy. Which nursing action is most appropriate for handling chemotherapeutic agents? Disconnect I.V. tubing with gloved hands. Break needles after the infusion is discontinued. Wear disposable gloves and protective clothing. Throw I.V. tubing in the trash after the infusion is stopped.

Wear disposable gloves and protective clothing.

A nurse is performing a home visit for a client who received chemotherapy within the past 24 hours. The nurse observes a small child playing in the bathroom, where the toilet lid has been left up. Based on these observations, the nurse modifies the client's teaching plan to include: chemotherapy exposure and risk factors. expected chemotherapy-related adverse effects. reinforcement of the client's medication regimen. signs and symptoms of infection.

chemotherapy exposure and risk factors.

A decrease in circulating white blood cells is granulocytopenia. neutropenia. leukopenia. thrombocytopenia.

leukopenia

A 16-year-old female client experiences alopecia resulting from chemotherapy, prompting the nursing diagnoses of disturbed body image and situational low self-esteem. The nurse should determine that the client is meeting the goal of improved body image and self-esteem when the client: reports less disruption from pain and discomfort. cries openly when discussing her disease. requests that her family bring her makeup and wig. begins to discuss the future with her family.

requests that her family bring her makeup and wig.

What nursing action best demonstrates primary cancer prevention? Teaching clients to wear sunscreen Teaching testicular self-examination Facilitating screening mammograms Encouraging yearly Pap tests

teaching clients to wear sunscreen

Your patient has recently completed her first round of chemotherapy in the treatment of lung cancer. When reviewing this morning's blood work, what findings would be suggestive of myelosuppression? Increased creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) Decreased sodium levels and decreased potassium levels Increased white blood cells and c-reactive protein (CRP) Decreased platelets and red blood cells

Decreased platelets and red blood cells

According to the TNM classification system, T0 means there is distant metastasis. no regional lymph node metastasis. no evidence of primary tumor. no distant metastasis.

no evidence of primary tumor.

A client undergoes a biopsy of a suspicious lesion. The biopsy report classifies the lesion according to the TNM staging system as follows: Tis, N0, M0. What does this classification mean? Can't assess tumor or regional lymph nodes and no evidence of metastasis No evidence of primary tumor, no abnormal regional lymph nodes, and no evidence of distant metastasis Carcinoma in situ, no abnormal regional lymph nodes, and no evidence of distant metastasis Carcinoma in situ, no demonstrable metastasis of the regional lymph nodes, and ascending degrees of distant metastasis

Carcinoma in situ, no abnormal regional lymph nodes, and no evidence of distant metastasis

The client is receiving a vesicant antineoplastic for treatment of cancer. Which assessment finding would require the nurse to take immediate action? Extravasation Nausea and vomiting Stomatitis Bone pain

Extravasation

A patient with cancer who developed neutropenia several days ago has consequently been placed in a single-bed room that has positive pressure. His daughter has just come to visit her father after arriving from her home in another state and has asked you for his room number. You notice that the daughter has reddened eyes, sniffles, and a dry cough. What instruction should you provide to the daughter? "It's very important that you wash your hands thoroughly before you enter your father's room and as soon as you come out." "Your father is under neutropenic precautions right now so you're not allowed to visit him." "Even though it might be difficult, it's best for your father's health if you get well before visiting him in person, since he's so vulnerable right now." "Your father is extremely vulnerable to infections right now, so I'm going to ask you to make sure you wear a gown when you go into his room."

"Even though it might be difficult, it's best for your father's health if you get well before visiting him in person, since he's so vulnerable right now."

Which statement by a client undergoing external radiation therapy indicates the need for further teaching? "I'll wash my skin with mild soap and water only." "I'm worried I'll expose my family members to radiation." "I'll wear protective clothing when outside." "I'll not use my heating pad during my treatment."

"I'm worried I'll expose my family members to radiation."

A patient will be receiving radiation for 6 weeks for the treatment of breast cancer and asks the nurse why it takes so long. What is the best response by the nurse? "It will allow time for the repair of healthy tissue." "It is not really understood why you have to go for 6 weeks of treatment." "It will decrease the incidence of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia." "It allows time for you to cope with the treatment."

"It will allow time for the repair of healthy tissue."

Which of the following advice does the nurse offer clients who are undergoing unsealed radiation therapy to reduce exposure? Avoid eating for 3 hours after therapy. Avoid drinking plenty of fluids. Avoid kissing and sexual contact. Avoid applying skin moisturizers.

Avoid kissing and sexual contact.

The nurse is providing client teaching for a client undergoing chemotherapy. What dietary modifications should the nurse advise? Avoid spicy and fatty foods. Avoid intake of fluids. Eat wholesome meals. Eat warm or hot foods.

Avoid spicy and fatty foods.

An oncology nurse is caring for a client who has developed erythema following radiation therapy. What should the nurse instruct the client to do? Keep the area cleanly shaven. Apply petroleum jelly to the affected area. Periodically apply ice to the area. Avoid using soap on the treatment area.

Avoid using soap on the treatment area.

The nurse is conducting a health education about cancer prevention to a group of adults. What menu best demonstrates dietary choices for potentially reducing the risks of cancer? Smoked salmon and green beans Pork chops and fried green tomatoes Baked apricot chicken and steamed broccoli Liver, onions, and steamed peas

Baked apricot chicken and steamed broccoli

Which type of surgery is used in an attempt to relieve complications of cancer? Prophylactic Reconstructive Salvage Palliative

Palliative

The nurse knows that interferon agents are used in association with chemotherapy to produce which effects in the client? Enhance action of the chemotherapy Suppression of the bone marrow Decrease the need for additional adjuvant therapies Shorten the period of neutropenia

Shorten the period of neutropenia

The nurse is caring for a client with an advanced stage of breast cancer and the client has recently learned that her cancer has metastasized. The nurse enters the room and finds the client struggling to breathe and the nurse's rapid assessment reveals that the client's jugular veins are distended. The nurse should suspect the development of what oncologic emergency? Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) Metastatic tumor of the neck Increased intracranial pressure Spinal cord compression

Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS)

The physician is attending to a 72-year-old client with a malignant brain tumor. The physician recommends immediate radiation therapy. What is a reason for the physician's recommendation? To analyze the lymph nodes involved To remove the tumor from the brain To prevent the formation of new cancer cells To destroy marginal tissues

To prevent the formation of new cancer cells

The client is diagnosed with a benign brain tumor. Which of the following features of a benign tumor is of most concern to the nurse? Emission of abnormal proteins Tumor pressure against normal tissues Cells colonizing to distant body parts Random, rapid growth of the tumor

Tumor pressure against normal tissues

A client has been diagnosed with a neoplasm and is seeking further information and possible treatment. The primary care physician described the neoplasm as "insidious." What does the word "insidious" mean? aggressive slow-growing terminal life-threatening

slow-growing

Which should a nurse thoroughly evaluate before a bone marrow transplant (BMT) procedure? Family history Drug history Allergy history Blood studies

Blood studies

A client diagnosed with cancer makes the following statement to the nurse: "I guess I will tell my health care provider to forego the chemotherapy. I do not want to be throwing up all the time. I would rather die." Which of the following facts supports the use of chemotherapy for this client? Chemotherapy treatment can be adjusted to optimize effects while limiting adverse effects. Most clients believe the discomfort is well worth the cure for cancer. Clinical trials are opening up new cancer treatments all the time. Nausea and vomiting are only a factor for the first 24 hours after treatment.

Chemotherapy treatment can be adjusted to optimize effects while limiting adverse effects.

A client who is receiving chemotherapy for esophageal cancer complains of "feeling sick to my stomach all the time." What is the best suggestion the nurse can make to help alleviate this client's nausea? Consume warm or hot foods. Drink more soft drinks. Eat low-fat foods. Consume more salty foods.

Eat low-fat foods.

The nurse is providing an educational presentation on dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of cancer. Which of the following food selections would demonstrate a good understanding of the information provided in the presentation? Select all that apply. Steamed broccoli and carrots Turkey breast on whole wheat bread Crispy chicken Caesar Salad Vegetable and cheddar quiche Egg white omelet with spinach and mushrooms Smoked salmon

Egg white omelet with spinach and mushrooms Steamed broccoli and carrots Turkey breast on whole wheat bread

What intervention should the nurse provide to reduce the incidence of renal damage when a patient is taking a chemotherapy regimen? Encourage fluid intake to dilute the urine. Withhold medication when the blood urea nitrogen level exceeds 20 mg/dL. Limit fluids to 1,000 mL daily to prevent accumulation of the drug's end products after cell lysis. Take measures to acidify the urine and prevent uric acid crystallization.

Encourage fluid intake to dilute the urine.

A nurse is administering daunorubicin through a peripheral I.V. line when the client complains of burning at the insertion site. The nurse notes no blood return from the catheter and redness at the I.V. site. The client is most likely experiencing which complication? Extravasation Flare Erythema Thrombosis

Extravasation

A client with a diagnosis of prostate cancer is scheduled to have an interstitial implant for high-dose radiation (HDR). What safety measure should the nurse include in this client's plan of care? Limit the time that visitors spend at the client's bedside. Teach the client to perform all aspects of basic care independently. Assign male nurses to the client's care whenever possible. Situate the client in a shared room with other clients receiving brachytherapy.

Limit the time that visitors spend at the client's bedside.

Which of the following laboratory findings, would be identified by the nurse as the greatest risk for a cancer client scheduled for implantable port? Hemoglobin 10 g/dl Platelet count 98,000/mm3 Hematocrit 36.0% White blood cell count 10,800/mm3

Platelet count 98,000/mm3

After being seen in the oncology clinic, a client with severe bone marrow suppression is admitted to the hospital. The client's cancer therapy consisted of radiation and chemotherapy. When developing the care plan for this client, which nursing diagnosis takes priority? Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements Anxiety Risk for injury Risk for infection

Risk for infection

The nurse is evaluating the client's risk for cancer. The nurse should recommend the client change which lifestyle choice? works as a secretary at a medical radiation treatment center drinks one glass of wine at dinner each night eats red meat such as steaks or hamburgers every day uses the treadmill for 30 minutes on 5 days each week

eats red meat such as steaks or hamburgers every day

The nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for chemotherapy. Which is the best statement the nurse can make about the client experiencing chemotherapy-induced alopecia? "New hair growth will return without any change to color or texture." "Clients with alopecia will have delay in grey hair." "Wigs can be used after the chemotherapy is completed." "The hair loss is usually temporary."

"The hair loss is usually temporary."

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, second only to heart disease. Half of all men and one third of all women will develop cancer during their lifetimes. Which types of cancer have the highest prevalence among both men and women? lung and colon skin and brain lung and skin colon and skin

lung and colon