Oncology quiz 6
The nurse is caring for a patient who smokes two packs/day. Which action by the nurse could help reduce the patient's risk of lung cancer?
Discuss risks associated with cigarette smoking during each patient encounter.
A patient who is diagnosed with cervical cancer classified as Tis, N0, M0 asks the nurse what the letters and numbers mean. Which response by the nurse is accurate?
the cancer involves only the cervix -Cancer in situ indicates that the cancer is localized to the cervix and is not invasive at this time
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is used as adjuvant therapy for a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Which information should the nurse include when explaining the purpose of this therapy to the patient?
-IL-2 enhances the body's immunologic response to tumor cells IL-2 enhances the ability of the patient's own immune response to suppress tumor cells
The nurse teaches a patient with cancer of the liver about high-protein, high-calorie diet choices. Which snack choice by the patient indicates that the teaching has been effective?
blueberry yogurt -Yogurt has high biologic value because of the protein and fat content
During a routine health examination, a 40-yr-old patient tells the nurse about a family history of colon cancer. Which action should the nurse take next?
obtain more information about the family history -The patient may be at increased risk for colon cancer, but the nurse's first action should be further assessment.
The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with stage I colon cancer. When assessing the need for psychologic support, which question by the nurse will provide the most information?
"Can you tell me what has been helpful to you in the past when coping with stressful events?"
A widowed mother of four school-age children is hospitalized with metastatic ovarian cancer. The patient is crying and tells the nurse that she does not know what will happen to her children when she dies. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
"Would you like to talk about options for the care of your children?"
A patient develops neutropenia after receiving chemotherapy. Which information about ways to prevent infection will the nurse include in the teaching plan (select all that apply)?
- cook food thoroughly before eating -avoid public transportation such as buses -talk to the oncologist before having any dental work done
The nurse administers an IV vesicant chemotherapeutic agent to a patient. Which action is most important for the nurse to take?
-Stop the infusion if swelling is observed at the site
A patient who is being treated for stage IV lung cancer tells the nurse about new-onset back pain. Which action should the nurse take first?
Assess for sensation and strength in the legs. -Spinal cord compression, an oncologic emergency, can occur with invasion of tumor into the epidural space
A patient with a large stomach tumor attached to the liver is scheduled for a debulking procedure. Which information should the nurse teach the patient about the outcome of this procedure?
Decreasing the tumor size will improve the effects of other therapy
A patient who has ovarian cancer is crying and tells the nurse, "My husband rarely visits. He just doesn't care." The husband indicates to the nurse that he does not know what to say to his wife. Which nursing diagnosis is appropriate for the nurse to add to the plan of care?
Dysfunctional family processes related to effect of illness on family members
A chemotherapy drug that causes alopecia is prescribed for a patient. Which action should the nurse take to support the patient's self-esteem?
Encourage the patient to purchase a wig or hat to wear when hair loss begins. -The patient is taught to anticipate hair loss and to be prepared with wigs, scarves, or hats
A patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma who is undergoing external radiation therapy tells the nurse, "I am so tired I can hardly get out of bed in the morning." Which intervention should the nurse add to the plan of care?
Establish time to take a short walk almost every day. -Walking programs are used to keep the patient active without excessive fatigue.
A patient undergoing external radiation has developed a dry desquamation of the skin in the treatment area. The nurse teaches the patient about the management of the skin reaction. Which statement, if made by the patient, indicates the teaching was effective?
I can buy aloe vera gel to use on my skin.
The nurse obtains information about a hospitalized patient who is receiving chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. Which information about the patient alerts the nurse to discuss a possible change in cancer therapy with the health care provider?
Increased carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) -An increase in CEA indicates that the chemotherapy is not effective for the patient's cancer and may need to be modified
An older adult patient who has colorectal cancer is receiving IV fluids at 175 mL/hr in conjunction with the prescribed chemotherapy. Which finding by the nurse is most important
Patient has crackles up to the midline posterior chest -Rapid fluid infusions may cause heart failure, especially in older patients
After change-of-shift report on the oncology unit, which patient should the nurse assess first?
Patient who is neutropenic and has a temperature of 100.5° F (38.1° C) -Temperature elevation is an emergency in neutropenic patients because of the risk for rapid progression to severe infections and sepsis
A patient receiving head and neck radiation for larynx cancer has ulcerations over the oral mucosa and tongue and thick, ropey saliva. Which instructions should the nurse give to this patient?
Rinse the mouth before and after each meal and at bedtime with a saline solution. -The patient should rinse the mouth with a saline solution frequently. A soft toothbrush is used for oral care.
During the teaching session for a patient who has a new diagnosis of acute leukemia, the patient is restless and looks away without making eye contact. The patient asks the nurse to repeat the information about the complications associated with chemotherapy. Based on this assessment, which nursing diagnosis is appropriate for the patient?
Risk for ineffective health maintenance related to possible anxiety about leukemia diagnosis -The patient who has a new cancer diagnosis is likely to have high anxiety, which may impact learning and require that the nurse repeat and reinforce information
Which action should the nurse take when caring for a patient who is receiving chemotherapy and complains of problems with concentration?
Suggest use of a daily planner and encourage adequate rest and sleep
When caring for a patient who is pancytopenic, which action by unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) indicates a need for the nurse to intervene?
The UAP assists the patient to use dental floss after eating -Use of dental floss is avoided in patients with pancytopenia because of the risk for infection and bleeding
The nurse is caring for a patient with colon cancer who is scheduled for external radiation therapy to the abdomen. Which information obtained by the nurse would indicate a need for patient teaching?
The patient swims several days each week -The patient is instructed to avoid swimming in salt water or chlorinated pools during the treatment period
A patient who has severe pain associated with terminal pancreatic cancer is being cared for at home by family members. Which finding by the nurse indicates that teaching regarding pain management has been effective?
The patient takes opioids around the clock on a regular schedule and uses additional doses when breakthrough pain occurs
A hospitalized patient who has received chemotherapy for leukemia develops neutropenia. Which observation by the nurse would indicate a need for further teaching?
The patient's visitors bring in fresh peaches -Fresh, thinned-skin fruits are not permitted in a neutropenic diet because of the risk of bacteria being present
The nurse reviews the laboratory results of a patient who is receiving chemotherapy. Which laboratory result is most important to report to the health care provider?
White blood cells (WBC) 2700/µL -The low WBC count places the patient at risk for severe infection and is an indication that the chemotherapy dose may need to be lower or that WBC growth factors such as filgrastim (Neupogen) are needed
The home health nurse is caring for a patient who has been receiving interferon therapy for treatment of cancer. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further assessment?
"I rarely have the energy to get out of bed." -Fatigue can be a dose-limiting toxicity for use of immunotherapy. Flulike symptoms, such as muscle aches and chills, are common side effects with interferon use.
The nurse teaches a postmenopausal patient with stage III breast cancer about the expected outcomes of cancer treatment. Which patient statement indicates that the teaching has been effective?
"I will need follow-up examinations for many years after treatment before I can be considered cured." -The risk of recurrence varies by the type of cancer
A patient with metastatic cancer of the colon experiences severe vomiting after each administration of chemotherapy. Which action, if taken by the nurse, is appropriate?
Administer prescribed antiemetics 1 hour before the treatments. -Treatment with antiemetics before chemotherapy may help prevent nausea
The nurse assesses a patient who is receiving interleukin-2. Which finding should the nurse report immediately to the health care provider?
Crackles heard at the lung bases -Capillary leak syndrome and acute pulmonary edema are possible toxic effects of interleukin-2
The nurse at the clinic is interviewing a 64-yr-old woman who is 5 feet, 3 inches tall and weighs 125 lb (57 kg). The patient has not seen a health care provider for 20 years. She walks 5 miles most days and has a glass of wine two or three times a week. Which topics will the nurse plan to include in patient teaching about cancer screening and decreasing cancer risk (select all that apply)?
- pap testing -sunscreen use -mammography -colorectal screening
The nurse assesses a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who is receiving an infusion of rituximab (Rituxan). Which assessment finding would require the most rapid action by the nurse?
Shortness of breath -Rituximab (Rituxan) is a monoclonal antibody. Shortness of breath should be investigated rapidly because anaphylaxis is a possible reaction to monoclonal antibody administration
A patient who is scheduled for a breast biopsy asks the nurse the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor. Which answer by the nurse is correct?
"Malignant tumors may spread to other tissues or organs." -The major difference between benign and malignant tumors is that malignant tumors invade adjacent tissues and spread to distant tissues and benign tumors do not metastasize
The nurse teaches a patient who is scheduled for a prostate needle biopsy about the procedure. Which statement, if made by the patient, indicates that teaching was effective?
"The biopsy will help decide the treatment for my enlarged prostate."
The nurse receives change-of-shift report on the oncology unit. Which patient should the nurse assess first?
A 24-yr-old patient who received neck radiation and has blood oozing from the neck -Because neck bleeding may indicate possible carotid artery rupture in a patient who is receiving radiation to the neck, this patient should be seen first.
A patient has been assigned the nursing diagnosis of imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements related to painful oral ulcers. Which nursing action will be most effective in improving oral intake?
Apply prescribed anesthetic gel to oral lesions before meals -Because the etiology of the patient's poor nutrition is the painful oral ulcers, the best intervention is to apply anesthetic gel to the lesions before the patient eats
A patient with cancer has a nursing diagnosis of imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements related to altered taste sensation. Which nursing action would address the cause of the patient problem?
Avoid giving the patient foods that are strongly disliked.
The nurse should suggest which food choice when providing dietary teaching for a patient scheduled to receive external-beam radiation for abdominal cancer?
Baked chicken -Protein is needed for wound healing. To minimize the diarrhea that is commonly associated with bowel radiation, the patient should avoid foods high in roughage, such as fruits and whole grains. Lactose intolerance may develop secondary to radiation, so dairy products should also be avoided
External-beam radiation is planned for a patient with cervical cancer. What instructions should the nurse give to the patient to prevent complications from the effects of the radiation?
Clean the perianal area carefully after every bowel movement -Radiation to the abdomen will affect organs in the radiation path, such as the bowel, and cause frequent diarrhea
The nurse supervises the care of a patient with a temporary radioactive cervical implant. Which action by unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP), if observed by the nurse, would require an intervention?
The UAP stands by the patient's bed for 30 minutes talking with the patient.
A patient with leukemia is considering whether to have hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The nurse will include which information in the patient's teaching plan?
Hospitalization is required for several weeks after the stem cell transplant. -The patient requires strict protective isolation to prevent infection for 2 to 4 weeks after HSCT while waiting for the transplanted marrow to start producing cells.
The nurse is caring for a patient receiving intravesical bladder chemotherapy. The nurse should monitor for which adverse effect?
hematuria -The adverse effects of intravesical chemotherapy are confined to the bladder
The nurse is caring for a patient with left-sided lung cancer. Which finding would be most important for the nurse to report to the health care provider?
serum sodium of 126 mEq/L -The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (and the resulting hyponatremia) is an oncologic metabolic emergency and requires rapid treatment to prevent complications such as seizures and coma
