Online quiz questions and answers
System 2 thinking is driven by _____________ and is typically ______________.
a. intuition; slow b. conscious thought; fast c. intuition; fast d. the elephant; accurate e. conscious thought; slow
The fundamental attribution error occurs when a person underestimates or does not consider ________________ attributes and focuses too much on ________________ attributes or personal factors.
a. dispositional; discounting b. situational; nonconscious c.situational; dispositional d. nonconscious; situational e. dispositional; situational f. nonconscious; dispositional
If the emotions you most wanted to feel included calmness, peace, and tranquility, we would say that your ideal affect is:
a. high arousal positive b. low arousal positive c. desiring harmony d. desiring happiness e. moderate arousal neutral
What type of measures are used in this study?
a. Observer report b. Self report c. Physiological d. Behavior e. Longitudinal
In this study, what is the dependent variable?
a. College students b. People's responses about fights they had had with their partner c. How people were asked to think about relationships d. People's ratings of their relationship satisfaction
Our backgrounds influence our thinking about the social world. Which two people are more likely to make the fundamental attribution error?
a. A White middle-class college student in the United States b. A store clerk from a working class background in India c. A college student from Japan d. A Korean American lawyer who has just been thinking about her family back home in Korea e. A banker on Wall Street
All of the following are examples of an internal attribution except for which one?
a. After winning close to $100 playing poker, Fred explains that he's always been a very skilled gambler. b. Daphne thinks that the reason her brother is never able to hold a steady job is that he's lazy and quick to get angry with others. c. Shaggy says that the only reason for his recent van accident is that the road he was traveling on that day was wet from a recent rainfall. d. Velma blames her poor grade on her biology exam on the idea that she's never been good at taking multiple-choice exams.
Which of the following is the best summary of the research on automatic (System 1) thinking?
a. Automatic thinking is a problem because it usually produces mistaken judgments. b. Automatic thinking is vital to human survival, but it is not perfect and can produce mistaken judgments that have important consequences. c. Automatic thinking works best when it occurs consciously. d. Automatic thinking occurs only when controlled and conscious thinking can't solve a problem. e. Automatic thinking is amazingly accurate and rarely produces errors of any consequence
What type of study is this?
a. Case study b. Correlational study c. Archival study d. Experimental study e. Descriptive study
Choose the correct description of introspection
a. Figuring out that she is a well-coifed (hairy) baby by noticing that she has much more hair than other babies her age b. Determining that she must love swings based on the fact that she goes on them several times each week. c. "Just knowing" who she is through deep, personal reflection d. Determining that she must love pickles based on the delighted faces of people around her when she eats them e. Determining that she must enjoy walks because the people in her family go on walks nearly every day the weather permits it
Choose the correct description of self-perception
a. Figuring out that she is a well-coifed (hairy) baby by noticing that she has much more hair than other babies her age b. Determining that she must love swings based on the fact that she goes on them several times each week. c. "Just knowing" who she is through deep, personal reflection d. Determining that she must love pickles based on the delighted faces of people around her when she eats them e. Determining that she must enjoy walks because the people in her family go on walks nearly every day the weather permits it
Choose the correct description of vicarious self-perception
a. Figuring out that she is a well-coifed (hairy) baby by noticing that she has much more hair than other babies her age b. Determining that she must love swings based on the fact that she goes on them several times each week. c. "Just knowing" who she is through deep, personal reflection d. Determining that she must love pickles based on the delighted faces of people around her when she eats them e. Determining that she must enjoy walks because the people in her family go on walks nearly every day the weather permits it
choose the best description of the looking glass self
a. Figuring out that she is a well-coifed (hairy) baby by noticing that she has much more hair than other babies her age b. Determining that she must love swings based on the fact that she goes on them several times each week. c. "Just knowing" who she is through deep, personal reflection d. Determining that she must love pickles based on the delighted faces of people around her when she eats them e. Determining that she must enjoy walks because the people in her family go on walks nearly every day the weather permits it
choose the correct definition of social comparison
a. Figuring out that she is a well-coifed (hairy) baby by noticing that she has much more hair than other babies her age b. Determining that she must love swings based on the fact that she goes on them several times each week. c. "Just knowing" who she is through deep, personal reflection d. Determining that she must love pickles based on the delighted faces of people around her when she eats them e. Determining that she must enjoy walks because the people in her family go on walks nearly every day the weather permits it
When we are forming impressions of other people, what is one of the central pieces of information we use in forming our impressions?
a. How easy it is to form a holistic impression of them b. How close to us the person stands c. Their nonverbal behaviors d. How animated the person seems to be e. How warm or cold the person seems to be
Most of us would like to know when we are being lied to. Our book claims that:
a. In general, people are quite good at telling if someone is lying, especially if they pay close attention to the person's face. b. In general, people are quite good at telling if someone is lying, especially if they pay close attention to the person's body. c. In general, people are not particularly good at telling if someone is lying, but experts are very good because they know which cues to pay attention to. d. In general, people are not particularly good at telling if someone is lying and experts are only a little bit better. e. In general, people are not particularly good at telling if someone is lying because there are no reliable cues to use in making this determination.
What is the key difference between the "old" and the "new" view of emotions?
a. In the "old" view, the only distinction that mattered was whether an emotion was pleasant or unpleasant. In the "new" view, it also matters whether the emotion is high arousal or low arousal. b. In the "old" view, only certain positive emotions were seen as making a person more susceptible (for example, to weak evidence). In the new view, all positive emotions are seen as making people more susceptible. c. In the "old" view, the primary distinctions were valence (positive/negative) and arousal (high/low). In the "new" view, there is a third distinction of type (warm/cold). d. In the "old" view, emotions were seen as differing on the dimensions of valence and arousal but were not seen as serving unique functions. In the "new" view, different emotions (even ones that can be similar in valence and arousal) are seen as distinct and serving different functions.
What is the key finding from research on expressive writing--that is, writing for several days about the most traumatic event of your life?
a. In the short term, participants in expressive writing studies are upset. In the long term, they usually drop out of the study. b. By the end of the week, people find the task of writing enjoyable, but it doesn't affect their long-term outcomes. c. In the short term, participants have higher blood pressure and more negative moods. In the long-term, they experience *worse* health outcomes. d. In the short term, participants have higher blood pressure and more negative moods. In the long-term, they experience *better* health outcomes. e. People with less severe traumatic events benefit greatly, while people with severe traumatic events are not helped by it.
What is a potential positive outcome of the planning fallacy?
a. It causes people to finish projects ahead of deadlines, which can make for happy customers and/or allow other projects to be initiated. b. It can help people to break free of the need to use various heuristics in problem-solving situations. c. People might attempt projects that otherwise might have been avoided had the amount of effort or time needed been understood. d. It reduces the need for planning ahead of time and leads to more creative problem-solving approaches in the moment.
Some of the implicit measures of self-esteem seem a little bizarre (signature size, "rate your smell" test). But, the reason that these implicit measures exist and are used is because there are valid concerns about the use of explicit measures of self-esteem. Which of the following two issues are reasonable concerns about the use of explicit self-esteem measures that we discussed in class?
a. Observers may misperceive a person's actual self-esteem when making their ratings. b. A person's responses to explicit self-esteem measures can be influenced by how they want to appear to others. c. Explicit self-esteem measures can never be externally valid. d. A person may be unwilling to be honest about how they truly feel about themselves. e. Explicit self-esteem measures can never fully capture a person's physiological responses. f. Explicit self-esteem measures can only be used in correlational research
In a study about romantic relationships, researchers asked college students to think about relationships in either a "unity" framing (we are one, my better half, made for each other) or in a "journey" framing (we've walked together, a long trail, look how far we've come). Then, the students wrote about two things they had fought over with their partner. Finally, they rated their satisfaction with their relationship. The researchers found that, on average, students who had thought about love as unity had lower relationship satisfaction than students who had thought about love as a journey. In this study, what is the independent variable?
a. People's ratings of their relationship satisfaction b. People's responses about fights they had had with their partner c. The number of fights people actually had with their partner d. How people were asked to think about relationships e. College students
It's Bridgette's first day of work at a new job where she doesn't know anyone. Which of the following two statements are true about how she will form impressions of her new colleagues?
a. She will "add up" people's traits to form an overall impression of them. b. She will be more influenced by positive information that she learns about someone than by negative information she learns about them. c. She will be more influenced by negative information that she learns about someone than by positive information she learns about them. d. She will be very good at detecting when people are being untruthful. e. She will likely be able to form quite accurate impressions of people very quickly.
Making what kinds of attributions for bad events is associated with greater well-being and performance?
a. Specific, internal, unstable b. Global, internal, stable c. Global, external, unstable d. Specific, external, stable e. Specific, external, unstable f. Global, internal, unstable
What are the three core insights of social psychology, described by Dr. Brady on the first day of class?
a. The need to belong b. The illusion of control c. The power of experiments d. The concept of tension systems e. The power of construal f. The power of nonconscious processing g. The power of the situation h. The desire for social change
Which effect explains why first impressions are so important? (Make sure you could explain why!)
a. The primacy effect b. The recency effect c. The contrast effect d. The halo effect e. The thin slices effect
What is one key advantage of experiments?
a. They can provide causal evidence for a claim. b. They yield better data than correlational or archival studies. c. They can prove a theory correct. d. They can be generalized to a broader population. e. They are easier to conduct than correlational or archival studies.
What was the purpose of the quiz on the first day of class, as related to hindsight bias?
a. To illustrate that it is easy to be overconfident in our answers once we have justified them b. To highlight that psychology is a domain where we can think we "knew it all along" -- even if that's not true c. To show that we tend to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors d. To point out the class, as a whole, still has a lot to learn
Rachel has noticed that she very quickly devours the snacks that she buys from Trader Joe's (a store). She intends to eat these snacks only occasionally, but that's not what usually happens when she gets them home. What is advice could you give Rachel to manage her physical environment in a way that would be likely to help her self-regulate her snack eating?
a. To put the snacks in a difficult-to-reach location b. To reflect on why she wants to eat snacks only occasionally rather than frequently c. To buy snacks from a different store d. To put the snacks on the counter, so that she has a reminder of her goal e. To surround herself with friends who make healthy eating choices
According to our Principles textbook, the "ABCs" of social psychology refer to:
a. affect, behavior, cognition b. attitudes, behavior, construal c. actions, benefits, costs d. antecedent, behavior, consequence
Which of the following is in the correct order, with the briefest experience first and the longest experience last?
a. affect, mood, emotion b. affect, emotion, mood c. emotion, mood, affect d. emotion, affect, mood e. mood, affect, emotion f. mood, affect, emotion
You conduct a survey of musical preferences at Wake Forest. First, you ask students what their favorite kind of music is. Then, you ask them what percentage of other students at Wake Forest would list the same kind of music as their favorite. It turns out, most students think their favorite kind of music is more popular than it really is. You have just found evidence consistent with which phenomenon?
a. anchoring b. overconfidence c. false consensus effect d. counterfactual thinking e. cognitive accessibility f. rationalization
If Margot is a researcher interested in the relationship between the total revenue generated by arcades in the US and the per capita cheese consumption in the US, her research question is...
a. based on a convenience sample b. experimental c. correlational d. silly e. based on experience sampling f. descriptive
If someone in a research study is in cahoots with the experimenter (i.e., secretly working for the experimenter), they are called a(n)...
a. confederate b. accomplice c. decoy d. collaborator e. dummy
Although he claims to hate reality television, Simon never misses an episode of the show Hoarders even though he has to watch all by himself because none of his friends and no one else in his dorm is interested. Simon's watching of Hoarders is:
a. high in distinctiveness. b. high in consistency c. low in consistency. d. low in distinctiveness. e. low in consensus. f. high in consensus
The fact that you now smell milk before drinking it after accidentally drinking some spoiled milk several months ago demonstrates how emotions can:
a. influence thoughts b. prepare the body for immediate action c. motivate future behaviors d. speed up the processing of our "System 1" e. be processed in the prefrontal cortex
In the "Research Methods in Social Psychology" article from our NOBA textbook, the authors describe a study conducted on the Facebook online platform: "...Researchers at Facebook attempted to test whether emotional contagion—the transfer of emotional states from one person to another—would occur if Facebook manipulated the content that showed up in its users' News Feed And it did. When friends' posts with positive expressions were concealed, users wrote slightly fewer positive posts (e.g., "Loving my new phone!"). Conversely, when posts with negative expressions were hidden, users wrote slightly fewer negative posts (e.g., "Got to go to work. Ugh."). This suggests that people's positivity or negativity can impact their social circles." What ethical principle did researchers in this study arguably violate?
a. informed consent b. benefits should outweigh risks c. privacy d. deception e. random selection
Dr. Hanna studies testosterone levels in people who are aggressive. What type of measures does Dr. Hanna use in their studies?
a. physiological // Observer report b. evolutionary c. intracellular d. behavioral
People naturally use mental "shortcuts" to simplify their social world. These shortcuts are known as:
a. schemas b. impact bias c. heuristics d. self-fulfilling prophecies e. priming f. attitudes
Anna's professor is impressed that she always participates in class. The professor assumes that she is also a well-liked, kind person who will earn a good grade on the upcoming exam. This is an example of:
a. selective perception b. System 2 thinking c. forced consistency d. discounting principle e. fundamental attribution error f. halo effect
Consider the image below. Who is most likely to make situational attributions for the person in the green shirt's actions, and which effect explains why this is the case?
a. the person in the pink shirt; fundamental attribution error b. the person in the green shirt; actor-observer difference the person in the pink shirt; contrast effect c. the person in the grey shirt; halo effect d. the person in the green shirt; fundamental attribution error e. the person in the grey shirt; actor-observer difference f. the person in the green shirt; self-fulfilling prophecy
Which is more abstract--a theory or a hypothesis?
a. theory b. hypothesis
After developing a research question, a researcher must create a(n) ______________, or testable prediction of how the question will be answered. Then, the researcher needs to ______________ the variables by defining them and explaining how they will be measured.
a. theory; operationalize b. hypothesis; operationalize c. replication; manipulate d. hypothesis; manipulate e. theory; construe f. operationalization; randomly assign
People around the world typically agree in how they label photos depicting the emotions of happiness, surprise, sadness, anger, disgust, and fear.
a. true b. false