Opening Clearing, and Maintaining the Airway

What is the recommended ratio of compressions to breaths for adults for one responder performing CPR? A. 30 comrressions to 2 breaths B. 15 compressions to 2 breaths C. 30 compressions to 1 breath D. 15 compressions to 1 breath E. 100 compressions per minute and one breath every 6 to 8 sceonds.

A. 30 compressions to 2 breaths. the most correct answer is "a", "e" is also technically correct, as 100 compressions should be applied per minute and one breath should be given every 6 to 8 seconds. However, the question asked specifically for the ratio, so answer "a" addresses the form of the question more specifically. With 2 responders, it is recommended to give 2 breaths for each 15 compressions. For individuals without training, it is recommended to perform compressions only and to allow the contraction and passive expansion of the thoracic cavity to pull air into and push air out of the lungs.

What is the recommended suction time for children when suctioning the airway clear? A. 5 seconds B. 10 seconds C. 15 seconds D. 20 seconds E. 25 seconds

B. 10 seconds. When suctioning the mouth, the suction tip should be inserted into the mouth only as far as the responder can see. Suctioning should be performed while withdrawing the suction tip. For children, the recommended suction time for each pull is 10 seconds. For adults, the recommended time per pull is 15 seconds.

What is the preferred method for opening the airway in patients suspected of a spinal injury? A. Head-tilt chin-lift B. Jaw thrust C. Placing the patient in a recovery position. D. Triple airway maneuver.

B. Jaw thrust In patients who are not suspended of having a spinal injury, the head-tilt chin-lift is the preferred maneuver for opening the airway. However, this technique involves significant flexion of the neck and may exacerbate an existing spinal injury or cause a secondary injury. Because of this, it is advisable to use the jaw thrust when there is the potential of a spinal injury. The only contraindication for the jaw thrust is if the patient shows significant facial injury. The triple airway maneuver is the combination of head-tilt chin-lift, jaw thrust, and the manual opening of the mouth. This is a thorough method for opening the airway, but inadvisable if dealing with either significant facial damage or potential spinal injury. To place the patient in a recovery position, roll them on their side. This clears the tongue from the airway and is suitable for patients breathing spontaneously, especially in cases in which patient may vomit and block the airway.

What is the proper pressure setting for a portable suction device? A. 150 mmHg B. 200 mmHg C. 300 mmHg D. 400 mmHg E. 450 mmHg

C. 300 mmHg Whether working with a fixed or portable suction device, the desired setting is 300 mmHg.

When suctioning the mouth, which catheter tip is most appropriate? A. Flexible-tipped catheters B. French catheters C. Yankauers D. None of the above.

C. Yankauers Yankauers is also known as the rigid-tipped catheter, and it is the recommended catheter tip for suctioning the mouth. Flexible-tipped catheters, also known as french catheters, are the preferred catheter tips for suctioning the nose or trachea.

What conditions require suctioning of the patient's vocal cords prior to intubation? A. The vocal cords cannot be visualized. B. The patient has been vomiting or has vomited after the airway has been opened. C. the oral cavity is filled with vomit, blood, or mucus. D. All of the above.

D. All of the Above. the key consideration to determine whether or not suctioning is necessary in whether or not the vocal cords can be visualized. If the patient has been vomiting or the oral cavity has filled with mucus or blood then the responder will be unable to visualize the vocal cords. this will make it necessary to suction the oral cavity clear. Only once the vocal cords can be visualized should intubation be performed.

What are the recommended steps according to current best practice for beginning CPR? A. Open airway, check breathing, and begin compressions. B. Check breating, open airway, and begin compressions. C. Begin compressions, check breathing, and open airway. D. Open airway, begin compressions, and check breathing. E. Begin compressions, open airway, and check breathing.

E. Begin compressions, open airway, and check breathing. Until 2010, the recommended procedure was to open the airway, check breathing, and begin compressions. The mnemonic that corresponds with this order of operations is ABC, airway, breathing, compressions. However, a significant amount of evidence accumulated to suggest that patient outcome is better when compressions are begun immediately. Since 2010, the best practice is considered to begin compressions immediately, then to open airway and check breathing. This shifts the current mnemonic to CAB, compressions, airway, breathing.

When is an oropharyngeal airway adjunct recommended? A. When the gag reflex is intact. B. When the patient has an altered level of consciousness. C. When the patient cannot maintain their airway without assistance. D. When the patient is unresponsive and lacks an intact gag reflex. E. None of the above.

D. When the patient is unresponsive and lacks an intact gag reflex. Oropharyngeal airway adjuncts are inserted through the mouth and into the pharynx. An oropharyngeal airway is only suitable if the patient is unresponsive and lacks an intact gag reflex. If can be used for both patients that require manual ventilation and those that are breathing normally. If the patient's gag reflex is intact, then the nasopharyngeal airway adjunct is recommended. This adjunct is led through the nose and into the pharynx It is suitable for patients with altered levels of consciousness who are unable to maintain their airway without assistance.

In which of the following circumstances is the recovery position appropriate? A. The patient is conscious and breathing spontaneously. B. The patient is unconscious and breathing spontaneously. C. the patient is unconscious and is not breathing spontaneously. D. the patient is conscious and in not breathing spontaneously. E. all of the above

B. The patient is unconscious and breathing spontaneously. The recovery position is recommended for patients if they are unconscious and breathing spontaneously. If the patient is both conscious and breathing spontaneously, then they will likely be capable of maintaining their airway without assistance. If the patient is unconscious and is not breathing spontaneously, then they will need resuscitation until spontaneous breathing resumes. It is rare for patients to be both conscious and not breathing spontaneously. In fact, a patient not capable of breathing spontaneously will either be unconscious or just about to lose consciousness.

What is the function of the airway adjunct? A. To provide supplemental oxygen. B. To keep the mouth open. C. To keep the tongue from blocking the airway. D. All of the above.

D. All of the above. An airway adjunct primarily serves to keep the mouth open and to keep the tongue from blocking the airway. The airway adjunct is commonly implemented when patients require supplemental oxygen or manual ventilation.

Which of the following is the correct description of the technique for the jaw thrust? A. Lift the shoulders of the patient to tilt the head backwards and lift the chin up. B. Place the thumbs on the chin and press down lightly and firmly to open the mouth. C. Place the patient in the sniffing position. D. Press down on the forehead to tilt the head backwards and lift the lower part of the face upwards from just below the point of the chin. E. place the index and middle fingers behind the posterior angles of the jaw and lift the mandible forward to open the airway.

E. place the index and middle fingers behind the posterior angles of the jaw and lift the mandible forward to open the airway. In order to perform the jaw thrust, the responder should place middle and index finger of eachhand behind each point of the jaw and lift upward. this will displace the mandible forward and lift the tongue away from the airway. In some instances, this maneuver alone will not open the mouth. If this is the case, the mouth can be opened manually by placing the thumb on the lower teeth and the index finger on the upper teeth, then moving the thumb down and the index finger up. If the patient has significant facial injury, then the jaw thrust is contraindicated.

Which of the following is the appropriate technique for the head-tilt chin-lift? A. Lift the shoulders of the patient to tilt the head backwards and lift the chin up. B. Place the thumbs on the chin and press down lightly and firmly to open the mouth. C. Place the patient in the sniffing position. D. Press down on the forehead to tilt the head backwards and lift the lower part of the face upwards from just below the point of the chin. E. Place the index and middle fingers behind the posterier angles of the jaw and lift the mandible forward to open the airway.

D. Press down on the forehead to tilt the head backwards and lift the lower part of the face upwards from just below the point of the chin. The head-tilt part of the maneuver is to press down gently yet firmly on the forehead. The chin-lift portion is to place the fingers below the point of the chin and lift upwards. This places the patient in the sniffing position, the position which is ideal for intubation and manual ventilation.