OPS 461 Final Quiz
What characteristics are included under Project Results?
1) Persevere despite challenges. 2) Produce high-quality results. 3) Consistently meet or exceed stakeholder expectations
What happens in Terminations for Default?
1) Problems with the project's cost, schedule, or performance 2) Lost confidence in the contractor
What are the purposes of Quality Control?
1) Reduce number of defects and inefficiencies 2) Improve project process and outputs
What happens in Terminations for Convenience of Buyer?
1) The buyer faces unexpected difficulties or changing priorities 2) Customer's needs change 3) Invoke a contract clause
For Managing a Project Team what are some insights on Assessing Performance of Individuals and Project Teams?
1) Goals of performance assessments: Rewards and promotions; Determine areas for improvement. 2) Assessment can be informal or formal: ◦Informal - observing, asking questions, providing suggestions. ◦Formal - responsibility of the direct manager.
What are Ground Rules? What are 2 different types in regards to Project Management?
1) Ground Rules are acceptable behaviors adopted by a project team to improve working relationships, effectiveness, and communication. 2) Relationship and Process Ground Rules.
What needs to happen within Monitoring and Controlling Project Work?
1) Happens continuously throughout the project 2) Activities need to be timely 3) Allow workers to self-control their work where possible
What characteristics are included under Personal Values?
1) High need for achievement 2) Self-directed behavior 3) Put project needs before their own needs 4) Willingness to consider alternative views 5) Personal commitment to the project
Regarding Control of the Scope, What is Variance Analysis?
1) How large a difference between actual and planned scope 2) Reasons for the difference 3) Action necessary to resolve differences
How do you Ensure Project Benefits are Realized?
1) How well the customers are able to use the deliverables 2) Consider use by direct customers and other stakeholders
What are some things to think about with Pre-Assignment of Project Team Members?
1) Include the implementers in planning when possible 2) More details may be considered 3) Ensure they are available when needed 4) Bringing SMEs on board early may be costly
What are important lessons regarding Project Inspections?
1) Inspect before a critical or expensive process 2) Inspect where one worker hands off work to another worker 3) Inspect at milestones
What are some things to know about Progress through Project Team Development?
1) Most teams will still spend at least some time in most stages 2) Some teams get "stalled" in an early stage and do not progress 3) Setbacks for project teams can occur
What are the 3 ways to terminate a project early?
1) Mutual agreements 2) Terminations for default 3) Terminations for convenience of buyer
What are some things to think about with On-Boarding Project Team Members?
1) On-board core team members during chartering 2) Ensure members understand the project at a high level --> enthusiastic 3) Learn members' personal motives 4) Assign members to specific activities 5) Develop a plan for members' personal improvement
What are some things to think about with Negotiation for Project Team Members?
1) PM may need to negotiate with the functional manager and/or a worker 2) Have good relationships with FMs 3) May need to persuade a worker to work on their project. 4) May need to sell people on the project.
For Managing a Project Team what are some insights on Project Manager Power and Leadership?
1) PMs often have less legitimate power than other managers. 2) Stimulating work is a powerful reward. 3) Team members may do work for the PM out of personal desire. 4) The PM's reputation for success may encourage hard work. 5) Project managers can use the power of the sponsor when necessary.
What are the 7 characteristics of High- Performing Project Teams?
1) Personal Values 2) Behavior Methods 3) Communication Methods 4) Project Methods 5) Feelings for Each Other 6) Personal Rewards 7) Project Results
What is Negative Conflict?
1) Personal conflict 2) Relationship conflict 3) Task conflict
What are the currently Known Values of Earned Value Management?
1) Planned value (PV): the authorized budget assigned to scheduled work. 2) Earned value (EV): the measure of work performed expressed in terms of budget authorized for that work. 3) Actual cost (AC): the realized cost incurred for the work performed on an activity during a specific time period. 4) Budget at completion (BAC): the sum of all budgets established for the work to be performed.
What are the 3 things steps associated with acquiring team members?
1) Pre-assignment of Project Team Members 2) Negotiation for Project Team Members 3) On-Boarding Project Team Members
Who make up the change control board?
1) Project Manager 2) Sponsor 3) Core Team 4) Key Stakeholders
For Managing a Project Team what are some insights on Managing Project Conflicts?
1) Project charters may help head off potential conflict between individuals. 2) Stakeholder analysis and communications planning can identify and deal with potential sources of conflict
What is involved in Writing a Transition Plan?
1) Provide appropriate documentation to users ◦Include Instruction manual(s) for how to use the project deliverables 2) Ensure quality problems are avoided 3) Ensure project deliverables transition into operational role 4) Ensure maintenance, upgrades, and training take place
What are Post-Project Activities?
1) Reassign Workers 2) Celebrate Success and Reward Participants 3) Provide Ongoing Support 4) Ensure Project Benefits are Realized
What characteristics are included under Feelings for each other?
1) Recognize interdependence 2) Flexible on how members contribute to the project. 3) Share risks with teammates. 4) Understand, appreciate, like, and trust each other. 5) Share in strong project leadership.
What are things required in Report Performance?
1) Report weekly/daily 2) Emphasize specifics 3) Report the target date, current status 4) Update the risk register and issues logs 5) Consider recommended changes
What are the results of Monitoring and controlling work projects?
1) Revisit the project charter 2) Adjust the project plan 3) Adjust day-to-day instructions 4) Proceed to project closing
What are the Indexes of Earned Value Management? How do you calculate them?
1) Schedule performance index (SPI): a measure of schedule efficiency . SPI= EV/PV 2) Cost performance index (CPI): a measure of cost efficiency of budgeted resources. CPI= EV/AC
What are the Variances of Earned Value Management? How do you calculate them?
1) Schedule variance (SV): a measure of schedule performance. SV= EV - PV 2) Cost variance (CV): the amount of budget deficit or surplus as a given point in time. CV= EV - AC
What characteristics are included under Project Methods?
1) Share information freely and widely 2) Discuss important topics openly 3) Value conflict over approaches 4) Discourage personal conflict 5) Proactively report potential problems
What occurs in Knowledge Management?
1) Should occur throughout the project life 2) Most apparent as a project comes to a close 3) Capture lessons learned 4) Disseminate and use lessons learned
How do you create the Closeout Report?
1) Summary status of the project 2) Lessons learned 3) Review of project's original justification 4) Ensure records are in a workable format 5) Store records for easy access
What is "Validate Scope?"
1) The process of formalizing acceptance of the completed project deliverables. 2) Formal acceptance of project deliverables 3) Buyer provides the seller with a formal written acceptance 4) Proceed to closing stage 5) Use a project closeout checklist to itemize project activities and/or deliverables
What is involved in Direct and Manage Project Work?
1) The process of leading and performing the work defined in the project management plan and implementing approved changes to achieve the project's objectives. 2) Empower <-----> Control
What characteristics are included under Behavior Methods?
1) The right skill mix. 2) Help each other. 3) Constant focus on improvement. 4) Effective time and meeting management. 5) Strive for innovation 6) Capture, share, and use lessons learned.
How do you Provide Ongoing Support?
1) Training, change management, other services 2) Ensure customers can effectively use project deliverables
How do you reassign workers?
1) Update personnel records 2) Make honest recommendations 3) Help team members secure next assignments
How would you Control Scope?
1) Use a proactive approach - what might cause change? 2) Try to avoid changes to scope 3) Work from a scope baseline
What happens in a Mutual Agreement?
1) What deliverables or partial deliverables go to the buyer 2) What compensation goes to the seller 3) Resolve outstanding issues
What are the sources of work to be Performed?
1) Work package level of the WBS 2) Approved corrective actions 3) Preventive actions 4) Defect repairs
What do Unknown Risks Require?
1) contingency time 2) budget 3) other resources
What is the Definition of "Acquire Project Team"
The process of confirming human resource availability and obtaining the team necessary to complete project assignments.
What are the 2 Sources of Project Conflict?
1) Constructive Conflict 2) Negative Conflict
What are the stages of Project Team Management?
1) Forming - develop team operating methods 2) Storming - stress at the magnitude of the project 3) Norming - feel part of the team 4) Performing - feel close to team mates 5) Adjourning - feeling of loss when team disbands
What is Earned Value Management?
1) A methodology that combines scope, schedule, and resource measurements to assess project performance and progress. 2) A decision-making tool 3) Examine project status at a given point in time 4)Understand project's progress in terms of cost and schedule
What is Change Control?
1) A process whereby modifications to documents, deliverables, or baselines associated with the project are identified, documented, approved, or rejected. 2) The decision to approve the proposed change needs to be made by the correct person or group.
What is Variance?
1) A quantifiable deviation, departure, or divergence away from a known baseline or expected value. 2) What metrics to keep 3) What to measure 4) How to report results
What are characteristics included under Project Methods?
1) Agree on common goals and objectives 2) Jointly plan the project 3) Work together to accomplish activities. 4) Proactively identify/ solve problems. 5) Hold each other mutually accountable
How do you Capture Lessons Learned?
1) At milestones and at the end of a project 2) Identify major project issues 3) One issue at a time to determine what went wrong and how it might be avoided in future projects. 4) List significant successes and discuss what caused each
How would you Control Schedule and Costs? What are some methods?
1) Changes must be made through the integrated change control system 2) Ensure no more money than authorized is spent 3) Earned value management; Project scheduling software features
What is Constructive Conflict?
1) Conflict over how to proceed 2) Conflict over how to complete a project 3) Competition for ideas
How do you build Individual and Team Capabilities?
1) Demonstrate personal leadership. 2) Utilize project management tools. 3) Demand situational leadership. 4) Create a desirable team identity. 5) Teach personal responsibility. 6) Develop understanding and respect.
What are some steps to Manage Communications?
1) Determine project information needs 2) Establish an information retrieval and distribution system 3) Collect information on executed work and work in progress 4) Report progress to all stakeholders
What characteristics are included under Personal Rewards?
1) Enjoyment of their work 2) High spirit and team morale 3) Pride in being part of the team 4) Satisfaction in project accomplishments
How would you Disseminate and Use Lessons Learned?
1) Establish a method for documenting and sharing lessons learned 2) Decide how to store lessons for easy access 3) Code each lesson by type of project, stage in project life cycle, issue it concerns
What are the Estimates of Earned Value Management? How do you calculate them?
1) Estimate to complete (ETC): the expected cost needed to finish all the remaining project work. ETC=(BAC - EV)/CPI 2) Estimate at completion (EAC): the expected total cost of completing all work expressed as the sum of actual cost to date and the estimate to complete. EAC= AC+ETC
How do you close a project?
1) Finalize all activities needed to finish the project 2) Write Transition Plan 3) Knowledge Management 4) Create the Closeout Report
How do you Head Off Early Project Terminations?
1) Find other stakeholders who can provide funds 2) Look internally to find ways of continuing with the project 3) PMs make recommendations for early termination if they feel it is warranted 4) Communicate quickly and honestly
How do you Monitor Project Quality?
1) Focus on inputs, processes, and outputs 2) Ensure materials, information, and other inputs meet specifications 3) Minimize rework Use internal inspection to ensure the deliverables
What is involved in Monitoring and Controlling Project Risk?
1) For previously identified risk events: ◦Track identified risks ◦Execute response plans ◦Evaluate their effectiveness. 2) Consider multiple responses to a given risk
What are some Relationship Ground Rules?
1. Encourage participation 2. Discuss openly 3. Protect confidentiality 4. Avoid misunderstandings 5. Develop trust 6. Handle conflict
What are some Process Ground Rules?
1. Manage meetings 2. Establish roles 3. Maintain focus 4. Consider alternatives 5. Use data 6. Make Decisions
What are the 6 steps to Conflict Resolution Processes and Styles?
1. Understand the conflict. 2. Agree on conflict resolution goals. 3. Identify causes of conflict. 4. Identify potential solutions for conflict. 5. Pick desired conflict solution. 6. Implement chosen solution.
What does Monitor mean in Project Work?
Collect project performance data with respect to a plan, produce performance measures, and report and disseminate performance information.
How do you Control Quality?
Compare specific project measurements with stakeholder's standards
What does Control mean in Project Work?
Comparing actual performance with planned performance, analyzing variances, assessing trends to effect process improvements, evaluating possible alternatives, and recommending appropriate corrective action when needed.
