Org Behavior
The adverse psychological, physical, behavioral, and organizational consequence that may occur as a result of stressful events is known as:
. distress
According to the Leadership Grid approach to leadership, a manager who exerts just enough effort to avoid being fired would be consistent with what position on the grid?
1,1
According to Blake and Mouton's Leadership Grid, a manager with a high concern for production and low concern for people would be in what position on the grid?
9,1
The Americans with Disabilities Act defines disabled as:
BABY BUSTERS
Which generation of workers tends to strive for moral rights in the workplace and take a more activist position regarding employee rights?
Baby boomers
Alan Gilbert, music director of the New York Philharmonic, recognizes that his musicians have considerable experience playing classical music. While a director is expected to put his "brand" on the orchestra, Gilbert believes the "best" music is played when all musicians are able to "access their own points of view." During concerts, Gilbert gives the audience a chance to vote through text messages and choose the orchestra's encore piece. Which of the following does Gilbert use to motivate his musicians?
Empowerment
_______________________is the applied science of energy and matter.
Engineering
According to Hambrick and Fukutomi, selection of an enduring theme is the first season in the tenure of a CEO.
False
According to research, managers are predisposed to use a more systematic approach to decision making that is consistent with the rational model.
False
Which of the following sentences is NOT an indication of affect?
He believes that young employees are error prone.
While the globalization of business affects all parts of the organization, which area of the organization is particularly affected?
Human Resources
According to Herzberg, which of the following factors are related to job dissatisfaction?
Hygiene factors
From which of the following levels within an organization would the description of an organization as more like a snake pit, with daily conflict, distress, and struggle come?
Individual Level
The beliefs and assumptions about people, work and the organization best reflect the:
Informal Organization
According to Zaleznik's thinking on leaders as distinct personalities, leaders and managers differ along four different dimensions of personality. Which of the following is NOT one of those dimensions?
Internal versus external orientation
According to Kanter's perspective on power, which of the following is a symbol of powerlessness?
Making external attributions
According to the Protestant ethic, a person should work hard because hard work and prosperity would lead to a place in heaven. The organizational scholar who advanced the Protestant Ethic notion was _____.
Max Weber
n which of the following cultures should you avoid directly saying no?
Mexico
Many U.S. and Canadian firms have located manufacturing plants in Mexico to take advantage of lower labor costs. Additionally, many tariffs on U.S. exports have been reduced. These global changes occurred because of:
Nafta
The work of Hofstede is important because his studies revealed that more differences in work-related attitudes can be explained by:
National Culture
The specific setting within which organizational behavior is enacted would be called the:
Organizational Context
The specific system within which organizational behavior is enacted would be call for;
Organizational Context
Which of the following organizational variables affects human behavior at work?
Organizational Structure
From which of the following levels within an organization would the description of the organization as clockworks in which human behavior is logical and rational come?
Organizational level
Which of the following types of power would a Machiavellian manager rely on?
Personal power
According to the contingency theory developed by Fiedler, what is the most appropriate action where it is found there is a misfit between the leader and the situation?
Reengineer the leader's situation to fit the leader's basic predisposition.
Which of the following statements is incorrect concerning reflective listening?
Reflective listening emphasizes more strongly the role of the communicator.
"Better safe than sorry" is the motto of which type of followers?
Survivors
According to research, which of the following decision-making models portrays the managerial decision process more realistically?
The bounded rationality model
A colleague does not respond to the sarcastic comments of a coworker but compliments the sarcastic colleague for constructive comments. Which of the following statements are true?
The colleague used extinction and positive reinforcement.
Which statement regarding the glass ceiling is correct?
The glass ceiling is a transparent barrier that keeps women from rising above a certain level in organizations.
A contributor is one who is data driven, information sensitive, and one who adheres to performance standards.
True
A group member who becomes a social loafer may negatively affect cohesiveness.
True
A highly cohesive group can set performance output at a level below standard.
True
A lack of awareness of organizational politics is a barrier that holds women back in terms of moving into senior executive ranks.
True
A manager who makes external attributions for negative events looks like he or she has no power.
True
A method to prevent groupthink is to bring in outside experts to evaluate the group process.
True
A review of the research on intuition suggests that while intuition cannot be taught, managers can be trained to rely more fully on the prompting of their intuition.
True
According to Kotter, effective leadership produces useful change in an organization.
True
According to McClelland's need theory, the increased emphasis on teamwork focuses attention on satisfaction of social and affiliation needs.
True
Which of the following people developed the idea of the stress response?
Walter B. Cannon
According to the group development model, which of the following set of issues need to be addressed as part of a group's authority issues?
Who is in charge, management of power and influence, and who has the right to tell whom to do what
Which of the following is true of women managers?
Women tend to use a more people-oriented style that is more inclusive and empowering.
A "wild turkey" in the top management team is:
a devil's advocate who challenges the thinking of the CEO and other top executives.
The window through which we interact with people and influences the quality, accuracy, and clarity of the communication is called:
a perceptual screen
A key organizational requirement for participation in decision making includes:
a supportive organizational culture.
According to McClelland's research, successful managers tend to have a high need for:
achievement.
Which of the following challenges must managers overcome to remain competitive?
all of above
An individual's psychological tendency expressed by evaluating an entity with some degree of favor or disfavor reflects:
an attitude
The attitude-behavior connection is much closer when:
attitude measurement is done very close to the behavior of interest.
Assume you are a supervisor who strongly endorses keeping an open line of communication with your employees. You always keep your office door open, and you instruct your secretary to not screen phone calls from employees. These conditions include:
attitude specificity.
A multidimensional construct that includes transformational, charismatic, or transactional leadership as the situation might demand is known as:
authentic leadership.
Low self-monitors tend to:
be slow in responding to situational cues
Asking an employee whether he or she would use a new computer software package is an attempt to determine:
behavioral intention.
Generalized self-efficacy is the:
belief about one's own capabilities to deal with the events and challenges that make life demanding
A good group decision approach when the objective is to maximize the number of alternatives is:
brainstorming.
The three major categories of factors that influence one's perception of another person include:
characteristics of the perceiver, the target, and the situation
When one's attitudes and required job behavior conflict, _____ may occur.
cognitive dissonance
The evoking of a shared or common meaning in another person is called:
communication
A person who uses _____ tactics seeks the participation of her target in making a decision or planning how to implement a proposed policy, strategy, or change.
consultation
Blake and Mouton's Leadership Grid identifies a country club manager as someone who:
creates a pleasing, happy work environment and applies minimal supervision.
All of the following are included in reflective listening except:
criticism
Attitudes are learned and two major influences include:
direct experience and social learning
Strain is the same as:
distress
According to Hambrick and Fukutomi, _____ is the last season in a CEO's tenure.
dysfunction
A communication medium that is moderate in both information richness and data capacity is:
electronic mail
A team-oriented work environment places emphasis on:
empowerment and collaboration.
A non-response approach that weakens a behavior is known as
extinction
The basic preference in type theory that represents where you get your energy is the:
extraversion/introversion preference
According to Hambrick and Fukutomi, experimentation is the first season in the tenure of a CEO.
false
According to LMX theory, out-group members are more likely to support the values of the organization and become models of appropriate behavior.
false
The person-environment fit approach to stress emphasizes the:
fit between external and internal role expectations
The schedule of reinforcement that provides the least impact or incentive for performing well is known as:
fixed interval
A deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment resulting from in-group pressures defines _____.
groupthink
A major reason why attitudes derived from direct experience are so powerful is because:
hey are easily accessed and are active in our cognitive processes.
An internal perspective of human behavior tends to explain a person's actions in terms of
his/her past experiences.
The fight-or-flight stress response is most closely associated with which approach to stress?
homeostatic
The medical approach to stress is most similar to:
homeostatic approach
After working as a sales associate in an appliance store for six months, you begin to become dissatisfied with various rules and regulations at the workplace, or:
hygiene factors.
A person using _____ tactics seeks to get her target in a good mood or to think favorably of her before asking the target to do something.
ingratiation
In terms of the work environment, learning:
is a change in behavior acquired through experience and knowledge acquisition
A group is a collection of two or more persons with common interests or objectives, whereas a team:
is usually a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common goal for which they are mutually accountable.
An incorrect assumption about the use of intuition in making decisions is that:
it is seldom a positive force.
A pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one's job or job experiences reflects:
job satisfaction
All of the following are internal behavioral processes except
leading
An individual's generalized belief about internal control versus external control is called:
locus of control
If one of your employees was in the early stages of expressing thoughts and feelings about a problem, especially when there may be some associated anxiety or discomfort, it would be most appropriate for you to:
make affirming contact
Utilizing the cognitive appraisal approach to stress, problem-focused coping emphasizes:
managing the stressor
All of the following are considered a key dimension for being politically skillful except:
manipulativeness.
The element of the communication model that contains the thoughts and feelings the communicator is attempting to elicit in the receiver is the:
message
Which of the following reinforcement consequences would have the most effect under OBM?
money-based reinforcement
individuals with positive affect are:
more likely to help others at work.
According to Herzberg, a major difference between motivator and hygiene factors includes:
motivation factors relate to job satisfaction and hygiene factors relate to job dissatisfaction.
As an outcome for exceptional performance, Jeffery was provided the opportunity to make a highly visible presentation to the board of directors. However, Jeffery was extremely nervous and upset about the presentation. This consequence was viewed by Jeffery as:
negative
A manager who reduces an employee's pay if the employee comes to work late and refrains from doing so when the employee is on time has:
negatively reinforced the employee's on time behavior
All of the following are strategies used to influence the consequences of behavior except:
neutral consequences
As a supervisor you decide to use positive reinforcement to increase the probability that desired job performance will be repeated. All of the following are appropriate as positive reinforcement except:
no response or feedback when employee fails to complete task on time
If an individual from a country holds a negative attitude towards women in management because of a cultural belief system, but does not reflect behavior consistent with that attitude in a group, the link between the attitude-behavior is probably weak because:
of social constraints
The representation of individuals with disabilities in the workforce is expected to increase dramatically because:
of the Americans with Disabilities Act.
Michael Korda offers a semiserious look at power, and his symbols of power are:
office furnishings, time power, and standing by.
The process of modifying behavior through the use of positive or negative consequences following specific behaviors is called:
operant conditioning
_________________is defined as the study of individual behavior and group dynamics in organizations.
organizational behavior
When a supervisor sends a message to his/her employees who comprise a diverse workgroup, both parties to the message should be sensitive to:
perceptual screens
According to McClelland, people who approach relationships with an exchange orientation and ensure that they get at least their fair share in the relationship use _____.
personal power
A manager withholds information in order to make another manager make an incorrect decision, and therefore look bad. The first manager is displaying:
personal power.
The approach to stress that is based on the concept of homeostasis is known as:
physiological
Which trait is associated with less absenteeism at work?
positive affect
Reinforcement and punishment are administered through:
positive or/and negative consequences
Individuals possessing an internal locus of control:
prefer participative management styles
The major difference between prejudice and discrimination is:
prejudice refers to an attitude, while discrimination refers to behavior.
According to the Michigan studies on leadership, a leader in a(n) _____ work environment uses direct, close supervision or written rules and regulations to control behavior.
production-oriented
The study of organizational behavior is concerned with:
psychosocial, interpersonal, and group dynamics in organizations.
An approach to minimize groupthink is to:
re-examine the preferred solution even if consensus has been reached.
According to the the equity theory, when employees view managers as being overpaid, the employees may:
reduce their commitment.
All of the following are characteristics of a nonprogrammed decision situation except:
routine.
Central to Bandura's social learning theory is the concept of:
self-efficacy
Alderfer's growth need category corresponds to Maslow's:
self-esteem and self-actualization needs.
The extent to which people base their behavior on cues from other people and situations refers to:
self-monitoring
The most common method of assessing personality is the:
self-report questionnaire
The Department of Labor has identified which interpersonal communication skill as being necessary for successful functioning in the workplace?
serving clients
According to John Kotter, leadership, in contrast to management, entails:
setting an organizational direction.
Which of the following sources of diversity has received increasing attention by explaining how homophobia affects productivity?
sexual orientation
Providing the time to identify and isolate the listener's personal responses and exclude them from the dialogue is one of the purposes of:
silence
The person-environment fit approach to studying and understanding stress emphasizes:
social and organizational role stress
The process of interpreting information about another person is
social perception
The unconscious preparation to fight or flee that a person experiences when faced with any demand is known as:
stress
Which type of situation is interpreted the same way by different individuals, evoking agreement on the appropriate behavior in the situation?
strong situation
A group decision technique that facilitates expert input by using a panel of experts is _____.
the Delphi technique
Richness in a communication message refers to:
the ability of the medium to convey the meaning
Attention to diversity has particularly increased in recent years because of
the changing demographics of the working population
Which of the following is NOT one of the five things the attitude-behavior correspondence depends upon?
the experimental model used to test the relationship
According to Fiedler, the effectiveness of leaders is dependent on:
the favorableness of their situation.
A structured approach to decision making that focuses on generating alternatives silently, prevents criticism of alternatives, and uses a voting process to identify group choices is:
the nominal group technique.
Psychology is defined as:
the science of human behavior
The demand, person, activity, or event that triggers an uncomfortable encounter is known as:
the stressor
Attitudes are an important factor in organizational behavior because:
they are closely linked to behavior.
A key understanding to the relationship between hygiene and motivation factors is that:
they are independent.
A _____ is a multicultural top team in which all but one member come from the same background.
token group
A distinguishing feature of Maslow's need hierarchy is the progression hypothesis that says only ungratified needs motivate behavior.
true
A new line of research called full engagement emphasizes the management of energy rather than management of time.
true
A police officer exercises both legitimate and coercive power when she subdues a criminal.
true
According to Tuckman, a group goes through predictable stages of development after it is developed.
true
Adam Smith formulated the "invisible hand" and the free market to explain the motivation for individual behavior. The "invisible hand" refers to:
unseen forces of a free market system.
If a random number of responses must be emitted before reinforcement occurs, it is a:
variable ratio schedule
An antidote for groupthink in self-managed teams is:
welcoming dissent.
An expatriate manager is one who:
works in a country other his or her home country.
As a supervisor, you decide you need to communicate with several of your employees about below standard or unsatisfactory work. Which of the following would be the best way to send your message?
written memo followed by a face-to-face meeting
