Org. Behavior Final chapter 15

what is a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more person? (metaphor comparing functions of companies to the different organs in the human body)

Organization

what two cultures are associated with the open system?

adhocracy and market

what contingency approach to designing organizations has decision making occur when key decisions are made by top management (used in mechanistic organizations)

centralized

what approach to organizational design tends to be more effective when they are structured to fit the demands of the situation?

contingency

what contingency approach to designing organizations has decision making occur when important decisions are made by middle and lower level managers (used in organic organizations)

decentralized

what are the four generic effectiveness criteria?

goal accomplishment, internal processes, strategic constituency satisfaction, and resource acquisition

what is at the top of the organizational chart?

hierarchy of authority

what organizational structure is designed around a central core of key functions and outsources other functions to other companies or individuals who can do them faster or cheaper? (AKA network structure)

hollow

what can be done to improve organizational learning?

improve 5 steps, know leader behavior and organizational culture drive organizational learning

what is the fourth level in the organizational chart?

line and staff positions

what type of organizational structure combines a vertical structure with an equally strong horizontal overlay; and generally combines functional and divisional chains of command to form a grid with two command structures?

matrix

what type of organizational structure uses outsourcing, and the company assembles product parts, components, or modules provided by external contractors

modular

what organizational system depends on constant interaction with the environment for survival

open system

what part of the contingency approach to designing organizations are flexible networks of multitalented individuals who perform a variety of tasks

organic

what reveals basic dimensions of organizational culture?

organization charts

what are the structures of accountability and responsibility used to develop and implement strategies, and the human resource practices and information and business processes that activate those structures?

organizational design

what reveals the basic dimensions of organizational structure?

organizational systems

what are the key issues when making organizational design?

strategy and goals, technology, size, and human resources

what two cultures are associated with a closed system?

clan and hierarchy

what are the two organizational systems?

closed and open

what organizational system is a self-sufficient entity, closed to the surrounding environment

closed system

what are the four common denominators of all organizations?

coordination effort, aligned goals, division of labor, hierarchy of authority

what type of innovation is targeted at existing customers and they rely on optimizing existing products/services for existing customers?

core

what type of organizational structure had employees segregated into groups based on similar products, customers/clients, or geographic regions?

divisional

neither mechanistic or organic types are superior to the other. what do they depend on?

environment

what type of organizational structure groups people according to the business functions they perform? (i.e manufacturing, marketing, and finance)

functional

what organizational structures are examples of an open organization?

hollow, virtual, and modular

what type of organizational structure with teams or workgroups either temporary or permanent, that are created to improve collaboration and work on common projects?

horizontal

what are the three categories of organizational design?

horizontal, open, traditional

what are the five subprocesses of organizational learning?

information acquisition, information distribution, information interpretation, knowledge integration, organizational memory

what is the creation of something new that makes money; finds a pathway to the consumer; and is more likely to occur when organizations have the proper supporting forces

innovation

what are the two type of virtual structures?

internal virtual network and network virtual structures

what kind of organization proactively creates, acquires, and transfers knowledge; and changes its behavior on the basis of new knowledge and insights

learning

what part of the contingency approach to designing organizations are rigid bureaucracies with strict rules, narrowly defines tasks, and top down communication

mechanistic

what type of innovation is a change in the way a product or service is conceived, manufactures, or distributed?

process

what type of innovation is a change in the appearance or the performance of a product or service or the creation of a new one?

product

what is the second level in the organizational chart?

span of control

what are the six starting points for organizational innovation?

specific direction, direction change, curiosity and experimentation, wealth and money, necessity, and combination of seeds

what type of innovation is targeted at creating new markets and customers and they rely on developing breakthroughs and inventing things that don't currently exist

transformational

what type of organizational structure's members are geographically apart, usually working with email and other forms of information technology; and generally appears to customers as a single, unified organization with a real physical location

virtual