Organic chemistry

What do sugars usually end in?

"ose" except starch

What is hydrophobic?

Any substance that does not have an affinity for water or it is "repelled" by water. (oils, fats.)

What is hydrophilic?

Any substance that has an affinity or is attracted to a water molecule. (food color.)

What are some polysaccharides used for structural molecules?

Cellulose, Chitin, and Peptidoglycan.

How is glucose stored in animals?

Glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver - insulin helps to convert glucose that we eat into glycogen to store in the liver for later use.

What is the name of the bond that holds monosaccharides together when forming a disaccharide/polysaccharide?

Glycosidic bond

What does dehydration synthesis form?

Larger molecules called macromolecules and/or polymers.

What is adhesion?

The attraction between the molecules of one substance and the molecules of another substance.

What is a disaccharide?

The molecule formed by joining two simple sugars (monosaccharides) by dehydration synthesis.

What is a monosaccharide?

The simplest carbohydrates.

Why are sugars so important?

They contain large amounts of energy and nearly all living organisms use glucose for energy and sugar can also be used for cellular structural support in an organism.

Why are water molecules attracted to one another?

Water molecules have a positive end and a negative end, so the molecules will attract based on "opposites attract."

What is a polar molecule?

When one end of the molecule is more negatively charged than the other end.

What is an organic compound?

a compound that contains tehe element carbon.

What makes something organic?

always contains carbon, usually contains hydrogen, may contain oxygen and nitrogen.

What is a carbohydrate?

an organic compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

What is a lipid?

an organic compound made up of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.

How do plants store glucose?

as starch

What are some inorganic compounds that DO contain carbon?

carbon dioxide (CO2) and calcium carbonate )CaCO3)

What makes something inorganic?

doesn't contain carbon

what is peptidoglycan used for?

gives support to cell walls in bacteria.

What are some examples of isomers?

glucose, fructose, galactose - they are all C6H12O6

what is chitin used for?

hard shell on insects.

What is cellulose used for?

indigestible fiber in plants.

Polysaccharides

many simple sugars bonded together through dehydration synthesis to creat a chain of repeating subunits.

What is an isomer?

organic molecues that have the same chemical (molecular) formula but a different structural formula (or arrangement of atoms)

What is hydrolysis?

reversal of dehydration synthesis. by adding water, it breaks up macromolecules into smaller subunits.

What is cohesion?

the force of attraction between molecules of the same substance - cohesion explains why a drop of water holds together.

How can you tell the difference betwen carbohydrates and lipids?

there are less oxygen atoms in lipids than in carbohydrates.

What is the function of lipids?

they are part of a cells structure and serve as reserve energy supply, insulation and also acts as a protective coating.

Why is water able to dissolve many substances?

water is polar so it is adhesive to many substances.