Organizational Behavior Chapter #4

Which of the following statements is an example of the cognitive component of an attitude?

I believe my coworkers are lazy. Cognitive elements of an attitude are verbal statements about beliefs.

Which of the following measures the specific facets of job satisfaction? a. Job Descriptive Index (JDI) b. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) c. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) d. ABC model

a. Job Descriptive Index (JDI) The Job Descriptive Index is one of the most widely used measures of job satisfaction. It asks employees to respond to a series of questions describing their jobs.

Which of the following statements accurately describes emotions and moods? a. Research has shown that emotions and cognitions are normal parts of decision making. b. Moods are less enduring than emotions and have no clear cause. c. Emotions have little to no impact on work attitudes. d. People tend to maintain one mood regardless of the time of day.

a. Research has shown that emotions and cognitions are normal parts of decision making

To affect both job satisfaction and performance, rewards must be a. contingent on individual performance. b. valued by society. c. valued by relevant coworkers. d. contingent on company performance.

a. contingent on individual performance. To influence both satisfaction and performance, rewards must be valued by the employee and tied directly to performance.

Leonard is so upset following his performance appraisal, he feels like crying. Because he has several hours left in the work day, he decides to picture himself lying on a tropical beach to improve his mood. This is an example of a. emotional labor. b. emotional contagion. c. mindfulness. d. burnout.

a. emotional labor. Emotional labor is the work that employees do to control their feelings and expression of emotions in the workplace and is a type of emotion regulation.

Which of the following is a work value? a. fairness b. freedom c. intelligence d. self-control

a. fairness Four work values are achievement, concern for others, honesty, and fairness (which means remaining impartial while recognizing different points of view).

Which of the following is a terminal value? a. pleasure b. independence c. honesty d. ambition

a. pleasure Terminal values like pleasure influence the goals to be achieved or the end sates of existence.

A target uses the peripheral route to persuasion when a. she is distracted. b. a great deal of persuasion is needed. c. the information must be carefully processed. d. only quality arguments will change her attitude.

a. she is distracted. In the peripheral route to persuasion, the individual is not motivated to pay much attention to the message's content because she is distracted or perceives the message as personally relevant.

Which of the following statements accurately describes ethical behavior at work? a. The court system ruled that employees have the right to expect privacy at work, so companies are limited in their abilities to monitor employee e-mails. b. Ethical behavior requires actions consistent with one's own values, those of society, and those of the company. c. Organizations cannot depend on individuals to act ethically. d. Ethical behavior can hurt companies but rarely affects them positively.

b. Ethical behavior requires actions consistent with one's own values, those of society, and those of the company.

Why are ethical dilemmas so prevalent in business? a. Most companies are apathetic about the ethics involved in decision making. b. Since few ethical issues are clear-cut, they require individual interpretation. c. Unethical decision making rarely affects company finances. d. Few employees are aware of their own values.

b. Since few ethical issues are clear-cut, they require individual interpretation.

All of the following are major characteristics of a persuasive source EXCEPT a. trustworthiness b. intelligence c. expertise d. attractiveness

b. intelligence Three major characteristics of the source affect persuasion: expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness.

A B Corp is a company that a. monitors the ethical behavior of business. b. uses the power of business as a force for good. c. strives to be the second-best company in the related field. d. experiences five years of slow sales following an ethical scandal.

b. uses the power of business as a force for good. A B Corp is a Certified Benefit Corporation or a company that uses the power of business as a force for good.

All of the following statements accurately describe work attitudes EXCEPT a. Attitudes directly affect work behavior. b. Demanding jobs over which employees have little control negatively affect work attitudes. c. Positive psychological climates are not enough to generate positive attitudes or good performance. d. Attitudes indirectly affect work behavior.

c. Positive psychological climates are not enough to generate positive attitudes or good performance.

The best source for rating an individual's emotional intelligence is a. a standardized test. b. the individual's work history. c. a colleague. d. the individual himself/herself.

c. a colleague. Individuals tend to self-report their intentions while colleagues tend to use an individual's actual behavior to rate their emotional intelligence.

Sydney is a single mother with two children, one of whom has a chronic medical condition. Sydney says she stays at her job because it provides medical benefits she likely would not receive at other companies. This is an example of ________ organizational commitment. a. counterproductive b. normative c. continuance d. affective

c. continuance Continuance commitment is organizational commitment based on the fact that an individual cannot afford to leave.

People are more likely to be persuaded into an attitude change when a. their freedom is threatened. b. they are in a bad mood. c. the tone of the message matches their mood. d. they have high self-esteem.

c. the tone of the message matches their mood People are more likely to change their attitudes based on persuasion when they have low self-esteem, are in a good mood, and when the tone of the message matches their mood.

Goran secured three bids for a project at work. He was about to award the job to the lowest bidder when his boss demanded he award the job to the highest bidder—a friend of hers from college. Goran feels torn between his strong sense of fairness and his boss' demand. He is experiencing

cognitive dissonance. Cognitive dissonance is a state of tension that occurs when there is a conflict between attitudes and behavior.

Which of the following statements accurately describes job satisfaction? a. Employees with high negative effect are more likely to be satisfied with their jobs. b. Job satisfaction is directly linked to greater productivity. c. There is a strong correlation between high-paying jobs and job satisfaction. d. Job satisfaction depends upon pay, the work itself, promotion opportunities, supervision, and coworkers.

d. Job satisfaction depends upon pay, the work itself, promotion opportunities, supervision, and coworkers.

Which of the following is an example of counterproductive work behavior (CWB)? a. Jackson shares the news of a coworker's promotion with others in his workgroup. b. Derek has the flu and calls in sick, which means he misses an important client meeting. c. Kendall gets stuck in heavy traffic and is late to work. d. Natalia discovers a shortcut that saves her hours of time on routine projects and keeps the discovery to herself.

d. Natalia discovers a shortcut that saves her hours of time on routine projects and keeps the discovery to herself. Counterproductive work behavior (CWB) is any voluntary, attitude-driven behavior that violates organizational norms and causes harm to the organization and/or employees. Not sharing time-saving information is a form of sabotage.

All of the following statements accurately describe organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) EXCEPT a. The impact of one worker's OCBs can spread throughout an entire department. b. Satisfied workers are more likely to engage in OCBs than those unsatisfied with their jobs. c. OCBs are especially important to organizations using teams. d. OCBs must be carefully managed since each behavior significantly depletes employee energy.

d. OCBs must be carefully managed since each behavior significantly depletes employee energy. Research shows that OCBs actually enhance employee energy and vigor.

In which of Kohlberg's stages of cognitive moral development are most adults classified? a. Stage 1, where people obey rules to avoid punishment. b. Stage 5, where people make decisions based on principles of justice and rights. c. Stage 6, where people follow self-selected ethical principles. d. Stage 4, where people try to live up to the laws and norms of society.

d. Stage 4, where people try to live up to the laws and norms of society. Research suggests that most adults are in Stage 3 or 4.

All of the following influences on attitude formation are related to social learning EXCEPT

direct experience. Social learning is the process of deriving attitudes from family, peer groups, religious organizations, and culture.

Attitudes are best defined as

psychological tendencies expressed by evaluating something with a degree of favor or disfavor.

You are a student in the College of Business at Citywide University, which recently announced that all fees for students in the College of Engineering will double beginning next semester. You believe in quality education at an affordable price and would like to attend the protest rally with your best friends on Saturday, but you decide to attend a family wedding instead. Your decision was likely based on which factor in the attitude-behavior link?

relevance. Since the proposed fee increase is of greater relevance to students in the College of Engineering, students in the business college might skip a protest rally despite their attitudes toward college costs.