Organizational Behavior: Chapter 5

Expectancy theory can be used to predict __________________ in situations where there is a choice between two or more alternatives.

behavior (page ____________________________________)

Managers should design jobs that fulfill __________________________ level needs to create committed and motivated employees.

higher (page ____________________________________)

Idiosyncratic- Job design terms that individuals negotiate for themselves involving schedule flexibility, career development, or other adjustments are known as______________________________ deals.

idiosyncratic (page ____________________________________)

Job Rotation- Advantages of designing jobs using job rotation include:

increased worker flexibility for scheduling through cross-training providing employees with a broader perspective of the organization building employee knowledge and ability to promote from within (page ____________________________________)

Idiosyncratic- The goals of idiosyncratic deals in job design include:

increasing employees' intrinsic motivation increasing employees' productivity (page ____________________________________)

Motivation- Since we are unable to see someone's _____________________, we can only infer it from their behavior or the results of their behavior.

motivation (page ____________________________________)

Job rotation is the top-down approach that:

moves employees from one specialized job to another (page ____________________________________)

Equity Theory- In equity theory, inputs can include:

personality traits skills and knowledge education (page ____________________________________)

Intrinsic Motivation- A sense of accomplishment after learning a new skill is a form of _____________________ motivation.

intrinsic (page ____________________________________)

Motivation-Select all the reasons that motivation is important to managers:

it creates positive organizational citizenship they want their employees to be engaged and committed to their work they want to attract high-quality job applicants (page ____________________________________)

McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory- David McClelland's theory states that employee behavior is driven by:

needs we acquire as we live our lives (page ____________________________________)

Equity Theory- According to equity theory, people compare:

their own inputs to the outputs received by others their own inputs and outputs to those of relevant others (page ____________________________________)

Herzberg's theory states that there are ____________ separate sets of factors that create satisfaction and dissatisfaction on the job.

two (page ____________________________________)

Valence- The question that asks " How much do I value the rewards I will receive?" represents which element of Vroom's expectancy theory?

valence (page ____________________________________)

Job enrichment is the job design method that uses _____________________ loading to improve motivation.

vertical (page ____________________________________)

Self-determination theory is based on research that shows we all want to fulfill three innate needs that create intrinsic motivation.

Competence Provide tangible resources, rewards, and recognition for learning new skills provide resources such as time, coaching, and training to build knowledge Autonomy delegate meaningful assignments and back employee decisions develop trust in employees using new technology to work off site relatedness create commitment to a common purpose with a corporate vision create family-type work environment (page ____________________________________)

Compensation- According to the National Labor Relations Act, companies are not allowed to stop which category of employees from discussing compensation?

Rank and file workers (page ____________________________________)

McClelland's theory, developed in the 1940s, proposed that employee behaviors are driven by three ______________________________________.

acquired needs (page ____________________________________)

Inequity- Managers can improve feelings of inequity over pay by:

communicating reasonable expectations making sure objective measures for rewards are understood (page ____________________________________)

Self-determination theory assumes that three innate needs, ________________________, autonomy, and relatedness drive our behavior.

competence (page ____________________________________)

Herzberg's theory classifies motivators as related to the work ______________________ in the job being performed.

content (page ____________________________________)

Motivation- The general categories of motivation theories include:

content theories process theories (page ____________________________________)

Extrinsic- Jordan received a pay raise, which is a(n) _________________________ form of motivation.

extrinsic (page ____________________________________)

Motivation- Select al of the psychological processes that underlie motivation:

intensity of behavior or thought persistence of behavior or thought direction of behavior or thought (page ____________________________________)

Self-determination theory focuses on _________________________ motivation because research shows that it has more positive impact on task performance than _________________________ motivation.

intrinsic extrinsic (page ____________________________________)

McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory- According to McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory, the need to influence or teach others to achieve is the:

need for power (page ____________________________________)

Performance- Goal setting sets in motion a(n) ______________________________ cycle of performance.

positive (page ____________________________________)

Scientific Management- The kind of management that sets standards established by facts gained from systematic observation, experiment, or reasoning is:

scientific management (page ____________________________________)

Self-determination Theory- The theory that assumes that our behavior and well-being are influenced by three innate needs, competence, autonomy, and relatedness is:

self-determination theory (page ____________________________________)

Goal Specificity- The quantifiability of a goal is known as goal ___________________________.

specificity (page ____________________________________)

Motivation- Job content factors that create motivation include:

stimulating work advancement recognition (page ____________________________________)

McGregor's Theory _________ proposes a set of assumptions about people at work; that they are responsible, creative, and committed.

Y (page ____________________________________)

Locke- According to Locke and Latham's research on the mechanisms behind goal setting theory, goals:

create persistence (page ____________________________________)

Job Design- Altering specific jobs to improve employee experience and productivity is job ___________________________.

design (page ____________________________________)

Distributive Justice- The form of organizational justice that reflects the perceived fairness of how rewards are allocated is:

distributive justice (page ____________________________________)

Intrinsic- Promote high intrinsic motivation by designing jobs with the five core job characteristics is the goal of the:

job characteristics model (page ____________________________________)

Maslow proposed a model based on the premise that the current most-pressing need:

must be met before the next emerges as a motivator (page ____________________________________)

Needs- Hunger or thirst are examples of physiological deficiencies that arouse behavior known as _______________________________.

needs (page ____________________________________)

Equity Theory- The theory that uses our perceptions of ______________________,___________________________ and comparisons of ratios to others is equity theory.

outputs inputs (page ____________________________________)

Job characteristics

skill variety- requires the ability to use several different skills to perform a job Task identity- requires the completion of a whole or identifiable piece of work autonomy- an individual experiences freedom, discretion, and independence in doing the job task significance-the extent to which a job affects the lives of others inside or outside of the organization feedback- an employee receives direct and clear information about the effectiveness of their job performance (page ____________________________________)

Scientific Management- Fredrick Taylor's scientific management designed jobs based on:

systematic observation standards established by facts experiments and reasoning (page ____________________________________)

Voice- When employees are able to offer challenging, but constructive opinions to managers, their perception of procedural justice is improved because they have ________________________.

voice (page ____________________________________)

Job design

Top-down approaches- management changed the activities in jobs to increase motivation bottom-up approach- employees redesign their own jobs, increasing engagement idiosyncratic ideals- individual employees and managers jointly negotiate the tasks to be completed (page ____________________________________)

Maslow- The Hierarchy of Needs Theory stating that motivation is based on five basic needs was formulated by Abraham __________________________.

Maslow (page ____________________________________)

Theories of Motivation- Which of the following are content theories of motivation?

McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y Acquired Needs Theory Maslow's Hierarchy (page ____________________________________)

Maslow- According to Maslow's Hierarchy, managers should focus on motivating employees with:

emerging needs (page ____________________________________)

Maslow's Hierarchy- Match the need from Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs to the explanation on the right.

Self-actualization-desire for self-fulfillment esteem-need recognition, prestige, and self-confidence love- need for love, affection, and belonging safety- need to be safe from physical and psychological harm physiological- basic needs such as food, air and water (page ____________________________________)

McGregor- According to McGregor, Theory X managers' assumptions about employees include that they:

can only be motivated with rewards and punishments dislike work must be monitored frequently (page ____________________________________)

Self-determination theory is based on research that shows we all want to fulfill three innate needs that create intrinsic motivation. Match the need to the statement that best matches it.

competence needs-I need to feel knowledgeable and capable of completing a goal autonomy needs-I need to feel independent and able to influence my environment. Relatedness needs-I want to be connected with others and belong to a group (page ____________________________________)

Equity Theory- Pay, promotions, challenging assignments, participation in decision making are all considered ____________________________ in Adam's equity theory.

outputs (page ____________________________________)

Locke and Latham's findings about goal setting theory include that:

people need the ability and resources to achieve the goal goals that are specific and difficult lead o higher performance successful goal achievement reinforces employee satisfaction and leads to setting higher goals (page ____________________________________)

Herzberg's Theory- The hygiene factors in Herzberg's study include:

relations with one's supervisor salary working conditions (page ____________________________________)