Organizational Culture: Chapter 16 (OB)

What are the 3 stages of socialization?

1. Anticipatory stage: begins as soon as a potential employee develops an image of what it would be like to work for a company 2. Encounter stage: begins the day an employee starts work, during which the employee compares the information as an outsider to the information learned as an insider 3. Understanding & Adaptation: newcomers learn the content areas of socialization & internalize the norms & expected behaviors of the organization

What are the 2 processes used to help keep cultures strong?

1. Attraction-Selection-Attrition (ASA) 2. Socialization

What are the 3 major components of an organization's culture?

1. Observable Artifacts 2. Espoused Values 3. Basic Underlying Assumptions

What are the 6 major types of observable artifacts?

1. Symbols: the images an organizations uses, which generally convey messages (i.e. Nike swoosh) 2. Physical Structures: the organization's buildings & internal office designs (i.e. open floor plan) 3. Language: the jargon, slang, & slogans used with an organization 4. Stories: anecdotes, accounts, legends, & myths passed down from cohort to cohort within an organization 5. Rituals: the daily or weekly planned routines that occur in an organization 6. Ceremonies: formal events, generally performed in front of an audience of organizational members

What are the 2 ways to change organizational culture?

1. changes in leadership 2. mergers or aquisitions

What are the 4 general culture types?

1. fragmented culture: employees are distant & disconnected from one another (low sociability, low solidarity) 2. mercenary culture: employees think alike but are not friendly to one another (low sociability, high solidarity) 3. networked culture: employees are friendly to one another, but everyone thinks differently & does hit or her own thing (high sociability, low solidarity) 4. communal culture: employees are friendly to one another and all thing alike (high sociability, high solidarity)

What are espoused values?

The beliefs, philosophies, & norms that a company explicitly states (i.e. published documents, verbal statements)

What are observable artifacts?

The manifestations of an organization's culture that employees can easily see or talk about. They supply the signals that employees interpret to gauge how they should act during the workday.

What is socialization?

The process by which employees learn the social knowledge that enables them to understand & adapt to the organization's culture.

What are basic underlying assumptions?

The taken-for-granted beliefs & philosophies that are so ingrained that employees simply act on them rather than questioning the validity of their behavior in a given situation

What is the ASA framework?

Theory that states employees will be drawn to organizations with cultures that match their personality, organizations will select employees that match, & employees will leave or be forced out when they are not a good fit

What is organizational culture?

the shared social knowledge within an organization regarding the rules, norms, & values that shape the attitudes & behaviors of its employees