Organizational Ethics Exam 1

Identifying Personal Values

"desirable goals, varying in importance, that serve as guiding principles in people's lives.

Five I's

1. Identify the Problem 2. Investigate the Problem 3. Innovate by Generating a Variety of Solutions 4. Isolate a Solution 5. Implement the Solution

Developing Ethical Competencies

A practical approach to organizational ethics is founded on the premise that we can develop our ethical expertise or competency just as we develop our abilities to manage, do cost accounting, and oversee operations. we can master the knowledge and skills that can help us behave more like moral experts

Barriers to Obeying our callings

Ambition is one significant barrier to obeying our callings Avoidance sense of caution doubts about our own abilities self-imposed limitations compliance with orders from authority figures.

Discovering your Vocation

Determining your purpose in life having a sense of meaning fosters perseverance, buffering us from the effects of stress and allowing us to overcome obstacles. Second, when we are using our abilities and interests, we enjoy a feeling of personal satisfaction or self-actualization. This sense of satisfaction increases our level of commitment and reduces the likelihood that we will poison the ethical climate of the organization. Third, having a clear direction makes us better stewards.

Utilitarianism

Do the greatest good for the greatest number based on the premise that our ethical choices, like other types of decisions, should be based on their outcomes. English philosophers and reformers Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) and John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) believed that the best decisions (1) generate the most benefits relative to their disadvantages, and (2) benefit the largest number of people.

Federal Employees Behaving Badly

Ethics officials at the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) believe that the best way to avoid ethical failures is by learning from the moral failures of others. With that premise in mind, the DoD's Office of General Counsel created the Encyclopedia of Ethical Failure. This training manual provides real examples of federal employees who, intentionally or unintentionally, violated standards of conduct. It also describes the sanctions the offenders received as a result.

Aristolean Ethics

Good habits are voluntary routines or practices designed to foster virtuous behavior. Every time we engage in a habit—telling the truth, giving credit to others, giving to the less fortunate—it leaves a trace. Over time, these residual effects become part of our personality, and the habit becomes "second nature." In other words, by doing better, we become better. We also become more skilled in demonstrating the virtue.

Is this anyway to run a prison

Halden prison in Norway has all the amenities you would expect at an expensive resort and then some. Prisoners can take advantage of a sound studio, a climbing wall, jogging trails, a "kitchen laboratory" for cooking classes, and two-bedroom homes for hosting their visiting families. They live in dormitory-style rooms complete with flat-screen televisions and mini-refrigerators. (There are no bars on the cells.) Furnished with stylish furniture and artwork, Halden placed second in an interior design competition, losing only to a spa hotel.

National Security or Computer Security

In 2017, the world was rocked by massive computer attacks, the largest hitting 2,000 organizations in 65 countries. Hackers shut down hospitals in Britain, the Chernobyl nuclear site, Ukraine's national bank, a Russian energy company, Merck pharmaceutical, and the Danish shipping company Maersk. They locked up computer files at a number of U.S. businesses, releasing the information after users paid a ransom.

Kant's Categorical Imperative

Individuals should do what is morally right no matter what the consequences are. "what is right for one is right for all."

Rawl's Justice as Fairness

Principle 1: Each person has an equal right to the same basic liberties that are compatible with similar liberties for all. Principle 2: Social and economic inequalities are to satisfy two conditions: (a) they are to be attached to offices and positions open to all under conditions of fair equality of opportunity, and (b) they are to be to the greatest benefit of the least advantaged members of society.

Organizational Ethics

The moral values, beliefs, and rules that establish the appropriate way for an organization and its members to deal with each other and with people outside the organization. identifying the unique characteristics of organizations and determining what sets ethical choices and actions apart from other forms of decision making and behavior.

Seligman's six core virtues

Wisdom and Knowledge Courage Humanity Justice Temperance Transcendence

incremental steps

a series of small steps that lead to the eventual learning of an entire task

altruism

based on the principle that we should help others regardless of whether or not we profit from doing so. seeks to benefit the other person, not the self.

Confucianism

believed that the ideal society is based on a series of harmonious, hierarchical relationships (starting in the family and extending all the way up to the pinnacle of government) marked by trust and mutual concern. Ideal citizens are individuals of high character who engage in lifelong learning and always strive to improve their ethical performance. Ideal leaders govern by setting a moral example

Discovering Your Personal Gifts

discovering how you can use your gifts to serve others in the workplace

Kidder's five values

honesty, respect, responsibility, fairness, and compassion

Donaldson and Dunfee's hyper norms

principles so fundamental that they constitute norms by which all others are to be judged. Hypernorms are discernible in a convergence of religious, political and philosophical thought. An "authentic norm" is one that is generated within a community's moral free space and which satisfies the requirements of terms 1 and 2 of the macrosocial contract. Authentic norms are based upon the attitudes and behaviors of the members of their source communities. A "legitimate norm" is an authentic norm that is compatible with hypernorms.

Framing

the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments.