Organizations and Markets Final Exam

Organizing is monitoring performance, comparing it with goals, and taking corrective action.

False

Quality assurance programs have been successful in many manufacturing environments because they increase workers' autonomy over the work process.

False

Smart manufacturing is achieved by instituting employee surveillance and monitoring.

False

Too much conflict in the workplace usually leads to apathy.

False

Although ________ are typically unwritten and seldom discussed openly, they have a powerful influence on group and organizational behavior.

Norms

The simplest definition of productivity is outputs divided by inputs.

True

There are two different approaches to job design. The traditional approach to job design is to fit people to the jobs; the modern way is to fit the jobs to the people.

True

Total quality management (TQM) is a comprehensive approach led by top management and supported throughout the organization that is dedicated to continuous quality improvement, training, and customer satisfaction.

True

Using the SMART framework is a helpful way to state your Wildly Important Goal.

True

Veronica thinks Yu-Chen is arrogant. Yu-Chen thinks Veronica is unprofessional. Forcing Veronica and Yu-Chen to work together could diminish both workers' well-being.

True

For a manager, building an effective team requires work, but the payoff is

a stronger better performing working unit

Victoria, a shift manager in a shoe factory, directly supervises 40 employees on her shift. The 40 workers who report directly to Victoria represent her

span of control

Firms prefer to manufacture in a country that has ________ because it signals a greater opportunity to export products to more markets.

A trade surplus

After three months of boot camp, the group of new Marines had learned many skills and developed lifelong friendships. The final week of boot camp, called Marine Week, signaled that this group had reached the ________ stage, and would soon be moving onto their next assignments.

Adjourning

For most of the 20th century, ________ experienced foreign occupation, civil unrest, major famine, and a strict one-party communist regime.

China

The PDCA cycle is part of

Deming management

Which global entry strategy has the highest degree of risk?

Direct investment

According to equity theory, which type of justice reflects the perceived fairness of how resources and rewards are distributed or allocated?

Distributive

________ is the arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people.

Division of labor

The leader-member exchange (LMX) model of leadership posits that

Each relationship between leaders and followers is distinctive

A joint venture allows companies to pay a fee plus a percentage of the profits in return for using a company's name and assistance with management, marketing, and the training of managers and nonmanagement employees.

False

Filipino shrimpers practice dumping by selling their catch to U.S. customers at a price that is higher than the price of shrimp caught in the United States.

False

For Amanda's annual performance appraisal, her supervisor solicited feedback from three of Amanda's coworkers, the manager of the customer-service department, several of Amanda's clients, and even a few employees in other departments with whom she worked recently. Amanda's performance appraisal is an example of a forced ranking system.

False

In adjourning, conflicts are resolved, close relationships develop, and unity and harmony emerge.

False

Job enlargement enables workers to focus on doing more of the same task to increase productivity. Group starts

False

A committee investigating the impacts of health care reform on the organization is an example of a(n)

Formal Group

________ involves a binding contractual agreement between a firm and another firm or individual whereby the business name and format have already been developed by the originating firm.

Franchising

____ is a control mechanism for making sure the people do the right thing at the right time

Hierarchy of authority

Although they may be subtle, when considering forces for change, job dissatisfaction, absenteeism, and low productivity represent

Human resource concerns

Employees value high self-awareness, appreciation of others, and openness to feedback which are characteristics of a ________ leader.

Humble

Profit-sharing plans, commissions, bonuses, and stock options are examples of

Incentives

According to your text, which of the following is will hinder foreign competition?

Increased use of tariffs and embargoes by countries

Margot is a third grade teacher who spends time each afternoon tutoring students who need a little extra guidance. Margot also volunteers to read to the residents at a nursing home. Margot seems to seek ________ rewards.

Intrinsic

Problems with which entry approach can arise when the partners disagree or if the government places restrictions on the firm's ability to move its profits out of the foreign country and back to its home country?

Joint venture

Supportive, value-based, and work facilitation are examples of the ________ element in House's revised path-goal leadership model.

Leader Behavior

________ focuses on problem solving and performance improvement, or speed with excellence, of a well-defined project.

Lean Six Sigma

Content and process are perspectives on

Motivation

A Truss Above, a home builder in the United States, secures products such as roofing shingles, cabinets, and plumbing materials from a variety of domestic and international suppliers. ________ is the practice of using outside suppliers to help the contractor build homes.

Outsourcing

In the ________ leadership model, a leader makes desirable rewards available in the workplace and clarifies how followers can obtain them.

Path-goal

________ is the set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluating, and providing consequences for performance expectations.

Performance management

When the team executes the strategic plan, it is in which stage of development?

Performing

According to the integrated model, motivation is affected by ________ factors.

Personal and Contextual

Which of Hofstede's cultural dimensions relates to a willingness to accept social inequality as natural?

Power Distance

Which of the following is most often used to influence others?

Rational Persuasion

________ power, which all managers have, is power that results from a managers' authority to offer praise and pay raises, even promotions to their subordinates.

Reward

According to the simple model of motivation, what is the next step after you choose a type of behavior you think might satisfy the need?

Rewards

________ leaders focus on providing increased service to others—meeting the goals of both followers and the organization—rather than to themselves.

Servant

The essence of ________ is that organizational culture, structure, and HR practices must align to achieve the company's strategies.

Strategic Human Resource Management

________ refer to collaborative relationships between independent firms, though the partnering firms do not create an equity partnership; that is, they do not invest in one another.

Strategic alliances

________ is the last step in the control process.

Taking corrective action

Jaco is most motivated when he is able to influence his work environment and decide when and how to complete his work. Which of the following best describes Jaco's motivation?

The autonomy aspect of self determination theory

Resistance to organizational change is considered to be the interaction of three causes: employee characteristics, change agent characteristics, and

The change agent employee relationship

Which of the following is a motivating factor according to Herzberg's two-factor theory?

The work itself

________ leadership focuses on clarifying employees' roles and task requirements and providing rewards and punishments contingent on performance.

Transactional

________ leadership helps employees pursue organizational goals over self-interests.

Transformational

A corporate culture is defined as the set of shared, taken-for-granted implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about, and reacts to its various environments.

True

In sexual harassment, the harasser may be a(n) outsider, coworker, supervisor, or someone of the same sex.

True

The world is becoming one market instead of many national ones.

True

Which of the following is the major trade agreement between the United States, Canada, and Mexico?

USMA

Amaia has been very careful to work with her team to finalize next year's goals. She has taken the process seriously and now wants to make sure that others do their part. Amaia is insisting that all employees follow instructions fully and completely. Amaia seems to be exhibiting the

controlling function because she wants to see the right things happen at the right time

When one department store authorized thousands of its sales clerks to handle functions normally reserved for store managers, such as handling merchandise-return problems and approving customers' checks, the store implemented a job ________ technique.

enrichment

According to Victor Vroom, the three primary elements that determine how willing an employee is to work hard at tasks important to an organization are

expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.

Medical knowledge possessed by doctors results in their ________ power.

expert

Chase's Chaises in Arkansas produces high-quality furniture and ships its products to customers in over 40 countries. Chase's Chaises is ________ its products.

exporting

A company that works to create a culture that encourages rank-and-file employees to make suggestions, question the status quo, and also measure employee growth, is developing which perspective of the balanced scorecard?

innovation and learning perspective

A ________ is formed when a firm entering a market pools its resources with those of a local firm.

joint venture

Much to the chagrin of established firms, one clear super trend is that products and services must get to market faster because

more competitors are offering targeted products

The two core principles of TQM are

uniform focus on delivering customer value, and continuous improvement of work processes

Leadership is the ability to marshal human, informational, and other resources to get something done.

False

Management by measurement is a control principle that states that managers should be informed of a situation only if data show a significant deviation from standards.

False

Research shows that compensation is the most motivating factor for workers.

False

The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act makes it illegal for employees of the U.S. government to seize a foreign or domestic company's assets.

False

After three patients sued Guardian Manor, an assisted living facility, for neglect, missing medications, and improper nutritional offerings, Ivana, the CEO, wants to encourage employees to speak up more and to be comfortable voicing concerns. Which of the following would be encouraged by Ivana?

George tells a story about a time when Guardian Manor was first starting out and how the employees banded together.

The trend of the world economy toward becoming a more interdependent system is known as

Globalization

Dontrell and Ebony are expecting their first child this week, but Dontrell has an important meeting at corporate headquarters. To attend this meeting, Dontrell must take the train from Seattle to Vancouver, a trip that takes about four hours. While in Vancouver, Dontrell checks his phone each hour for updates and, as soon as Ebony goes into labor, he will able to return home to Seattle by airplane in less than two hours. Which important development allowed Dontrell to attend the birth of his first child?

He benefitted from the rise of the global village

Employee attitudes, turnover, organizational culture, and resource capabilities are typical metrics in the foundational perspective of the balanced scorecard approach.

True

Goal-setting theory suggests that employees can be motivated by goals that are specific and challenging, but achievable.

True

Managers should expect to encounter criticisms, disagreements, and other on-the-job conflicts regularly.

True

Which of the following is most important for the team leader to encourage during the storming stage of group development?

Voicing of disagreements

When there is a climate of mistrust, employees

are less likely to accept change.

Managers use ________ to visualize how strategic goals relate to one another and to overall firm success.

strategic maps

As a leader, Ervan mentors new employees, encourages socialization, and worries more about building trust than building profits. Ervan is probably a ________ leader.

Employee-centered

Workers who face discrimination in their jobs in the United States can file a complaint with the

Equal employment opportunity commission

Yasuf works as a certified nursing assistant (CNA) for his county's human development center. Because the center needs multiple CNAs working at all times, Yasuf frequently earns overtime pay by working more than 40 hours in a week. Overtime protections were established by the

Fair Labor Standards Act

Authenticity, control, and collaboration are the three drivers of the "trust triangle."

False

Caasi easily influences her co-workers, but not usually for the best. She stirs up controversy and usually spins the conversation to make herself look better. Because Caasi thinks highly of herself and seeks personal power, she could be described as having psychopathy.

False

Collaboration results from formal structures such as designated leaders, planned agendas, and organizational charts.

False

Two advantages of decentralization are that (1) managers are encouraged to ask for assistance to solve their problems, and (2) decisions are made more slowly because they are discussed at a higher level of management.

False

Kylie has been practicing repeating phrases such as, "I know I don't wear the latest fashions, but I am comfortable. Surely others feel like I do." Her boss has also told her to consider meditation as it can help her practice these

Self-affirmations

According to ________ theory, competence, autonomy, and relatedness are the primary motivations for behavior.

Self-determination

In ________ teams, there is an expectation of increased productivity and quality of work life because employees are delegated greater authority and granted increased autonomy.

Self-managed

Studies have shown that informal groups enhance innovation and productivity.

True

Kendall frequently spots issues that will affect both her team in Sacramento and their counterparts in San Bernardino. Kendall plays a ________ role by setting meetings with both teams so they can work openly and coordinate smoothly.

Task

A(n) ________ could be a collection of five employees who are studying industry pay scales, with the goal of making recommendations for adjusting pay grades within their company.

Team

When you become a manager, what should you remember about the behavioral approaches to leadership?

To be an effective leader, behaviors must be matched to fit the situation

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, joining a leadership development group is an example of the self-actualization need. Group starts

True

Assuming they have choices, people will make the choice that promises them the greatest reward if they think they can get it.

True

Disruptive innovation is a process by which a product or service takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a market and then relentlessly moves up the market, eventually displacing established competitors.

True

Over 80% of workers feel their companies could do better to integrate and transition employees into new jobs by making them familiar with corporate policies, procedures, cultures, and politics by clarifying work-role expectations and responsibilities.

True

Rafael's team needed to make a few key decisions regarding their current project. To spark discussion, without hurting people's feelings, Rafael could implement programmed conflict in the form of devil's advocacy or the dialectic method.

True

Samantha, a CEO, was reviewing her firm's budget. She was surprised to see that about 30% of the compensation budget was allocated to fringe benefits. Brandon, the vice president of HR, was correct in explaining that this proportion is typical for private industry.

True

Control helps an organization

detect opportunities

Before setting the objectives of L&D, managers should

determine the needs or skill gaps that need to be improved.

A Deloitte Insights survey found that companies are using AI to

reduce errors and defects, increase productivity, and enhance supply chain management

Resistance to organizational change is considered to be the interaction of three causes: employee characteristics, change agent characteristics, and

the change agent employee relationship

Teamwork is considered the cornerstone of future management.

True

The best leaders display both transactional and transformational leadership styles.

True

YoLanda, an account manager, sets her own work schedule and decides which tasks are priorities that will help meet her goals. YoLanda's job has a high level of autonomy.

True

According to expectancy theory, your ________ is low if you don't think a bonus or raise is going to be big enough to justify working evenings and weekends.

Valence

Team composition reflects the collection of jobs, personalities, values, knowledge, experience, and skills of team members.

True

Claire's Catering is providing food for a major social event next Saturday. Because Claire's does not have enough employees to fully staff the event, the manager should implement talent management to recruit enough workers for the event.

False

Fiedler's contingency leadership model argues that leadership behaviors should be primarily determined by position power.

False

Marina is a manager who has poor leader-member relations with her employees who perform unambiguous, easily understood tasks. She should use a task-oriented leadership style.

False

Members of a group that are asking "What's next?" are in the performing stage of team development.

False

One important reason controls are useful to organizations is so that decision-making power can be centralized to a few key leaders.

False

Reinforcement theory attempts to explain behavior change by suggesting that behavior with negative consequences tends to be repeated, whereas behavior with positive consequences tends not to be repeated.

False

The IT network that allows for the movement of organizational information within that company is known as the organizational structure.

False

The primary purpose of relationship-oriented leadership behavior is to ensure that people, equipment, and other resources are used in an efficient way to accomplish the mission of a group or organization.

False