ORGB EXAM MINDTAP QUESTIONS
Most motivation theories in use today have been developed by and about
Americans
Which statement accurately describes the difference between classical and operant conditioning?
Classical conditioning involves two paired stimuli, whereas operant conditioning pairs behavior and response.
Which of the following statements accurately describes ethical behavior at work?
Ethical behavior requires actions consistent with one's own values, those of society, and those of the company.
Which of the following statements is an example of the cognitive component of an attitude?
I believe my coworkers are lazy.
Which of the following is an example of a SMART goal?
I will increase my sales revenues by 20% by the end of the calendar year
All of the following statements accurately describe ERG theory EXCEPT
It groups human needs into three categories: external, regressive, and growth.
What is a benefit of 360-degree feedback in performance appraisals?
It improves the accuracy of performance appraisals.
All of the following statements accurately describe goal setting EXCEPT
It is most useful in small, unpredictable organizations.
Which of the following statements accurately describes family motivation?
It provides energy, even when one's intrinsic motivation is low
Which of the following measures the specific facets of job satisfaction?
Job Descriptive Index (JDI)
Which of the following statements accurately describes job satisfaction?
Job satisfaction depends upon pay, the work itself, promotion opportunities, supervision, and coworkers.
Which need theory of motivation focuses only on higher-order needs and ignores the lower-order needs?
McClelland's Need Theory
Which of the following statements accurately describes the mentoring relationship?
Mentor relationships go through four phases: initiation, cultivation, separation, and redefinition.
Which of the following is an example of counterproductive work behavior (CWB)?
Natalia discovers a shortcut that saves her hours of time on routine projects and keeps the discovery to herself.
All of the following statements accurately describe organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) EXCEPT
OCBs must be carefully managed since each behavior significantly depletes employee energy.
Which of the following statements best represents a Theory Y assumption?
People resist organizational needs because of prior experiences.
All of the following statements accurately describe work attitudes EXCEPT
Positive psychological climates are not enough to generate positive attitudes or good performance.
Which of the following statements accurately describes emotions and moods?
Research has shown that emotions and cognitions are normal parts of decision making
All of the following statements accurately describe rewarding performance EXCEPT
Reward decisions are among the simplest and easiest decisions managers make.
Why are ethical dilemmas so prevalent in business?
Since few ethical issues are clear-cut, they require individual interpretation.
In which of Kohlberg's stages of cognitive moral development are most adults classified?
Stage 4, where people try to live up to the laws and norms of society.
Which of the following statements accurately describes a quality performance feedback session?
Supervisors must establish mutual trust and be vulnerable to challenges from the employee.
All of the following statements accurately describe motivation factors in Herzberg's two-factor theory EXCEPT
The absence of motivation factors leads to dissatisfaction.
With which of the following ideas would Sigmund Freud agree?
The unconscious mind influences human motivation.
The best source for rating an individual's emotional intelligence is
a colleague.
Genevieve is overjoyed to have been chosen to work on her company's most prestigious and challenging project. She asks her supervisor to set up weekly progress meetings, so she can receive timely feedback and to permit her to work from home two days per week, so she can avoid distractions. According to McClelland's Need Theory, Genevieve has a high need for
achievement
Claire and Raj work similar jobs for the same company. Since Raj has more experience than Claire, he earns a higher salary. Claire reacts to this realization by putting in less effort. She now believes she makes more money per hour of "real" work than Raj, which makes her happy. Claire would be considered
an entitled.
All of the following are sources of task-specific self-efficacy EXCEPT
application of desirable consequences
Goran secured three bids for a project at work. He was about to award the job to the lowest bidder when his boss demanded he award the job to the highest bidder—a friend of hers from college. Goran feels torn between his strong sense of fairness and his boss' demand. He is experiencing
cognitive dissonance.
Cultural researchers have found that expectancy theory does not hold up well in cultures that are
collectivist
One benefit of individual reward systems over team reward systems is that they encourage
competition
To affect both job satisfaction and performance, rewards must be
contingent on individual performance.
Sydney is a single mother with two children, one of whom has a chronic medical condition. Sydney says she stays at her job because it provides medical benefits she likely would not receive at other companies. This is an example of ________ organizational commitment.
continuance
What is the first step in performance management?
define performance in behavioral terms
Which of the following is an individual contribution, according to Etzioni's exchange relationship?
developmental potential
All of the following influences on attitude formation are related to social learning EXCEPT
direct experience
Which of the following terms in Kelley's attribution theory refers to the cue indicating the degree to which an individual behaves the same way in other situations?
distinctiveness
Leonard is so upset following his performance appraisal, he feels like crying. Because he has several hours left in the work day, he decides to picture himself lying on a tropical beach to improve his mood. This is an example of
emotional labor
Which characteristic of effective performance appraisal systems refers to the fair evaluation against established criteria, regardless of individual differences?
equitability
Which of the following terms refers to healthy, normal stress?
eustress
Adam Smith's idea of self-interest focuses on which aspect of motivation?
external incentives
While in group meetings, Josef tends to daydream and ignore the business at hand. When Josef does participate, his supervisor compliments his ideas and thanks him. When Josef daydreams, his supervisor says nothing. This is an example of
extinction
Which of the following is a work value?
fairness
Expectancy theory assumes that
high effort correlates to strong performance, which results in a coveted reward.
Which of the following terms refers to the belief that performance is related to rewards?
instrumentality
All of the following are major characteristics of a persuasive source EXCEPT
intelligence
In the cognitive approach to learning, which of the following personality preference types most likely will scan research reports for the overall theme and then go with their gut as to what research findings can be apply to their organization?
intuitive thinker
Which of the following combinations of informational cues would lead to an internal attribution?
low consensus, low distinctiveness, and high consistency
Loehr's full engagement idea asserts that people must
manage energy rather than time
Which of the following is a goal-setting program developed by Peter Drucker based on interaction and negotiation between employees and managers?
management by objectives
David McClelland's needs theory involves three ________ needs.
manifest
To understand altruistic, fair, and equitable behavior, we must understand an individual's
moral maturity
Aaron knows he works much harder than Byron, has a more advanced university degree, but makes about one-third less money. According to Adams's theory, Aaron is perceiving a situation of
negative inequity
Sumi is known for her inability to be on time for group meetings. When she is late, her boss nags her about it. When she is on time, her boss says nothing. This is an example of
negative reinforcement.
The power of earning rests on a direct link between
performance and rewards
Which of the following is a terminal value?
pleasure
Which motivational theory classification emphasizes the nature of the interaction between the individual and the environment?
process theories
Attitudes are best defined as
psychological tendencies expressed by evaluating something with a degree of favor or disfavor.
You are a student in the College of Business at Citywide University, which recently announced that all fees for students in the College of Engineering will double beginning next semester. You believe in quality education at an affordable price and would like to attend the protest rally with your best friends on Saturday, but you decide to attend a family wedding instead. Your decision was likely based on which factor in the attitude-behavior link?
relevance
Drew is committed to his work because of the excellent retirement plan. Which need in Maslow's hierarchy is fulfilled in this example?
safety and security
In America, self-actualization is the pinnacle need on Maslow's hierarchy. When studying cultures with a high need to avoid uncertainty, researchers found workers' pinnacle need to be
safety and security
Which of the following did researchers classify both as a motivational factor and a hygiene factor?
salary
A target uses the peripheral route to persuasion when
she is distracted.
Which theory of learning asserts that learning occurs when we observe other people and model their behavior?
social learning
Which of the following is a hygiene factor according to Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation?
supervision
All of the following are reliability problems in performance appraisal systems EXCEPT
the poorly defined task performance
People are more likely to be persuaded into an attitude change when
the tone of the message matches their mood.
The intersection of actual performance and measured performance is called
true assessment.
A B Corp is a company that
uses the power of business as a force for good.