Origin of Modern Astronomy & Touring Our Solar Systems: Chapter 21, 22

Compared to Earth's atmosphere, the atmosphere of Mars has surface pressures that are ________.

0.1 times those on Earth; major gases are water vapor and carbon dioxide

The Moon has highland areas which _________ the height of mountains on Earth.

Approach

In the Ptolemaic (Greek model of the universe, the stars are attached to the ___________.

Celestial sphere

The earliest astronomical records appear to have been made by the ancient Chinese, Egyptians, and Babylonians in order to ________.

Determine when to plant crops or hunt animals based on seasonal changes.

Pluto is now classified as a ________ in our solar system.

Dwarf planet

In the Ptolemaic (Greek) model of the universe, ________.

Earth was the center of the universe

This scientist was the first to use the telescope in astronomy.

Galileo

___________ was convicted of heresy for his views of the universe.

Galileo

The most abundant gas in the planetary atmospheres in _________.

Hydrogen

Most of the mass in the solar system is contained ________.

In the sun

The true shape of the planetary orbits was discovered by _________.

Johannes Kepler

___________ is the largest and most massive planet in the solar system.

Jupiter

In 2012 scientists discovered that Mercury has a(n) _________ that is about 100 times weaker than that on Earth.

Magnetic field

Which planet, in addition to Earth, shows clear evidence of water erosion?

Mars

__________ disintegrate and burn up as shooting stars; __________ survive an impact event and a trip through Earth's atmosphere.

Meteors; meteorites

Which planets has the highest recorded wings in the solar system.

Neptune

The first modern astronomer to propose a Sun-centered universe was _________.

Nicolaus Copernicus

The two most abundant gasses in Earth's atmosphere are ________ and _________.

Nitrogen; oxygen

Saturn is famous for its rings. Which of the following Jovian planets does not have rings?

None, all of the Jovian planets have rings

The youngest rocks found on the Moon by Apollo missions are ________ than all but a few rocks on Earth.

Older

Kepler said that the _______go(es) around the _________ on __________ orbits.

Planets; Sun; elliptical

According to the Ptolemaic (Greek) model of the universe, how many heavenly bodies could be observed wandering along the background of stars?

Seven

This scientist determined the nature of the forces that kept the planets in their orbits

Sir Isaac Newton

Which of these men formulated the Law of Universal Gravitation?

Sir Isaac Newton

Galileo discovered that the Sun has "blemishes," which we call_________.

Sunspots

Which observation supports the theory that the planets formed from a disk shaped nebula?

The planets revolve around the Sun in approximately the same plane of the ecliptic.

What did the Mars rover Opportunity discover on Mars that relates to questions about the existence of water on Mars?

The rover found sedimentary rocks that contained minerals that precipitation from water.

Why were planets called "wanderers" by early Astronomers?

They move relative to the stars

Venus has dense clouds and thick atmosphere, yet there is no evidence for water on the surface. Why?

Water could not survive as liquid water on the surface because it is too hot.

A comet is visible because ________.

it is a small object, but it ejects gas and dust that at is dispersed by the solar wind to form a tail thousands of km long