OS session

89) Which of the following methods can be used to produce a file with 3 lines in it? Select all answers that apply.

· $ echo -e 'line one\\nline two\\nline three ' > myfile · $ echo line one > myfile · $ echo line two >> myfile · $ echo line three >> myfile · $ cat << EOF > myfile · \> line one · \> line two · \> line three · \> EOF $

106) Which directory trees usually have frequently changing data, and would not be desirable on a partition that is more static? Select all answers that apply.

· /var · /home · /tmp

53) You propose a new way of doing something, or adding a new feature. Another contributor points out this idea was reject previously. You should (Select all answers that apply):

· Ask whether the need for this feature has grown; the earlier discussion may have been premature · Study the previous discussion and see whether it applies, including whether or not differences between your ideas and the old ones were not seen · Ask whether or not technical abilities have evolved to the point where something that was not feasible can be done today

48) In OSS projects, collaboration is a key element. What are some ways that promote healthy collaboration among contributors? Select all answers that apply.

· Be respectful and open minded · Competition between differing approaches · Divide work fairly among more than one group or individual, and merge late

29) Continuous Integration (Select all answers that apply):

· Can be costly to set up, as it requires a server and staff and training developers to use properly · Minimizes regression bugs, since thorough testing is done at every stage before release (i.e. continuously) · Speeds up the development process, as builds and tests are fully automated · Can put a strain on developers who have to submit changes constantly · Can speed development, as wrong paths can be discovered before they are pursued for a long time

111) Using GRUB lets you (Select all correct answers):

· Choose which Linux kernel to user for boot · Choose between operating systems or different Linux distributions · Choose various options for booting up the system

226) Which of the following distributions use the APT (dpkg) package management system (Select all answers that apply)?

· Debian · Ubuntu · Linux Mint

74) Which of the following are layers of the graphical system interface?

· Desktop Manager · Window Manager · Display Manager

207) Loopback filesystems (Select all answers that apply):

· Have slower performance than just having a native filesystem · Can be useful for testing filesystem features

77) What are ways you can launch a terminal window on a graphical desktop?

· Hit Alt-F2 and then type in the program name (e.g., gnome-termina l, konsole, xterm etc.) · Find the "terminal" option in the Application* or *Favorites* menu · On many but not all desktops, right click anywhere on the background and click on Open Terminal

63) What are some of the most basic Linux components that are completely rooted in UNIX? Select all answers that apply.

· Inode-based filesystem · Multi-process scheduling · Process creation and destruction · Accessing hardware through device nodes

147) What are some installation methods you can use for Linux? Select all that apply.

· Install Linux directly on your machine from the network, CD, DVD, USB, etc · Use live media (CD, DVD, USB stick, etc) · Network-based installation

109) What is the proper order of system initialization stages on most x86-based systems?

BIOS -> GRUB -> init (PID 1)

59) To use Git, you:

Be on any operating system and version that has Git installed, and almost all do

44) The abbreviation BDFL stands for:

Benevolent Dictator For Life

7) Which method best describes the way Linux kernel is developed?

Benevolent Dictatorship

222) Which of the following are packaging system benefits for developers (Select all answers that apply)?

· Integrity of the installation can be verified in a uniform and rapid fashion · Repeatable builds · Generation of dependency data, such as what other packages are needed by a given package, and/or what other packages may need a given package · Simple installation and removal methods

10) OSS is (Select all answers that apply):

Can be more secure because many developers can easily see the code, look for problems, and mitigate problems when they are discovered Secure or insecure depending on the quality and priorities of the project maintainers, but at least users can judge this by open discussion and code inspection

11) For school systems at any level, use of OSS (Select all answers that apply):

Can lower costs by letting low-cost or free software be used Can lower costs by letting older hardware be used

208) Which of the following statements are correct about gcc (Select all answers that apply):

· It compiles programs written in a number of languages · Its name stands for GNU Compiler Collection

142) Which statements are true?

· It is impossible to unload a kernel module being used by another module · It is impossible to unload a kernel module being used by an application.

131) Which statement is true:

Command line monitoring tools such as top and vmstat are quite similar on all Linux distributions, but graphical tools vary quite a bit

5) Which method best describes the way Android is developed?

Company-Led

2) What are the three general governance models used in open source projects? Select all answers that apply.

Company-led Benevolent dictatorship Governing board

87) What keys does emacs use for special commands? Select all answers that apply.

Control (Ctrl) Meta

159) The logrotate program:

Cyclically rotates and optionally compresses log files to save space

217) Which of the following statements are true (Select all answers that apply)?

· Java programs developed on other systems can be expected to run without modification on Linux · The biggest problem in porting Java code to Linux is often fear · There are a number of choices which can be used for the Java implementation on Linux machines, and one can switch between them

201) Which of the following statements are true for Logical Volume Management (Select all answers that apply):

· LVM makes it easy to change the size of the logical partitions and filesystems · There can be some changes in performance with LVM · Using LVM breaks up one virtual partition into multiple chunks

205) When mounting a filesystem, it may be specified by any of the following methods (Select all answers that apply):

· Label · UUID · Device node

46) If a project fails in the sense that it stops moving forward, it is likely because (Select all answers that may apply):

· Leadership is poor · There are not enough developers contributing · There is insufficient interest in the wider community of developers

68) Which of the following are important facilities Linux distributions provide?

· Make it easy to install Linux on a wide variety of hardware platforms · Make sure all the different software on the system works together and is updated at once without conflicts · Provide updates, upgrades and bug and security fixes to end user systems in a timely and controlled fashion · Form the connecting bridge between end users and upstream developers, making sure each is aware of the other's situations

123) Using Predictable Network Interface Device Names (PNIDN) has come into use because:

· Many computers are no longer in one location; for example, laptops are on the move, and available interfaces are subject to change · Hardware such as USB devices can be added and removed at runtime · On modern systems, the order in which network hardware is found is less predictable

40) Why is good leadership important for the success of an open source project? Select all answers that apply.

· Moderate conflicts · Have an efficient workflow · Mentor new contributions · Encourage contributors to give their best work

49) OSS project should explicitly encourage diversity with respect to (Select all answers that apply):

· National origin and language · Race · Sex and gender identity

138) Which are the 3 main types of devices connected to your system?

· Network devices · Block devices · Character devices

51) With respect to criticism, an OSS contributor and reviewer should (Select all answers that apply):

· Not hold back, it is important to have open and forthright discussion · Answer thoughtfully and point out where one agrees or disagrees, where changes are accepted or not.

94) Which of the following commands would add newbin, a directory in your home directory, to the PATH (Select all answers that apply)?

· PATH=$HOME/newbin:$PATH · $PATH=$PATH:$HOME/newbin

64) What are the 3 major families of Linux Distributions? Select all answers that apply.

· Red Hat · Debian · SUSE

225) Which of the following distributions use the RPM package management system (Select all answers that apply)?

· SUSE · Red Hat · Fedora · CentOS

70) What are the three basic layers on a Linux graphical interface? Select all answers that apply.

· The Window Manager · The Desktop Manager · The X Window System

118) Which statement(s) are correct?

· The pthreads library enables multithreaded applications to be written just once for many different operating systems. · A process may contain many threads.

117) Select all true statements:

· There is no uniform prescription for how much swap space to use. · Memory used directly by the Linux kernel is never swapped out. · Using swap space lets the system pretend it has more memory than it physically has.

188) Functions (subprograms) are useful in bash scripts because (Select all answers that apply):

· They make things easier to read and comprehend · They eliminate the need to retype the same set of commands more than once · It is better not to have to call another script to get things done

214) Which statements are true (Select all answers that apply):

· Use of shared libraries can cause bugs because the application may conflict with the new library version · Use of shared libraries enables applications to stay up to date with new library features without being recompiled · Use of shared libraries saves memory · Applications can load faster when using shared libraries

143) The lsmod utility shows for each loaded module (select all correct answers):

· What other modules are using it · Its size in bytes · How many processes depend on it

128) What are some of the file transfer tools available to use on Linux systems? Select all answers that apply.

· Your browser · FTP · rsync · curl · wget

186) Which of the following commands are equivalent (Select all answers that apply)?

· [[ -f file.c ]] && cat file.c · if [[ -f file.c ]] ; then cat file.c ; fi · if [ -f file.c ] ; then cat file.c ; fi · if test -f file.c ; then cat file.c ; fi

197)Which of the following commands are equivalent (Select all answers that apply):

· chown donald.ducks file · chown donald file ; chgrp ducks file · chown donald:ducks file

102) Which of the following pseudo-directories are empty when the system is not running (Select all answers that apply)?

· dev · /sys · /proc

125) You can see statistics for the eth0 interface by (select all answers that apply):

· doing sudo ifconfig eth0 · doing sudo ip -s link show eth0 · looking at /sys/class/net/eth0/statistics

203) Which of the following are journaling filesystems (Select all answers that apply):

· ext4 · XFS · btrfs

187) Which commands will list all files under the current directory ending in "~" (Select all answers that apply)? Note: Output lists may differ in format.

· find . -name "*~" -exec ls -l {} '; · ls -l $(find . -name "*~") · find . -name "*~" -ls · find . -name "*~" | xargs ls -l

97) Which commands will get both the normal and error outputs of prog into afile?

· foo > file 2>&1 · foo >& file

136) Which are high level graphical system monitoring tools?

· gnome-system-monitor · ksysguard

83) Which of the following are command line help utilities?

· info · help · man

79) You can invoke the graphical help system directly from the command by doing:

· khelpcenter or kdehelpcenter if you are running a KDE desktop · gnome-help if you are running a GNOME desktop

82) Select the true statements about getting documentation on echo (Select all answers that apply).

· man echo gives the information about the system utility at /usr/bin/echo or /bin/echo · help echo gives the information about the command embedded in the bash shell

78) What are some of the basic command line tools that can be found on Linux that can be used to get help?

· man pages · --help and help · info

120) Which of the following are utilities used to work with swap space?

· mkswap · swapon · swapoff

132) Which of the following utilities can be used to monitor I/O activity? (We encourage you to try all of them, as this is the best way to learn)

· sar · iostat · vmstat · iotop

181) Which of the following commands will replace all instances of the word "dog" with "pig" in the file named some_file and send the output to stdout (Select all answers that apply)?

· sed -e s:dog:pig:g some_file · sed -e s/dog/pig/g some_file · cat some_file | sed -e s/dog/pig/g

124) Which command(s) will bring the network interface eth0 up and assign an address to it?

· sudo ifconfig eth0 up 192.168.1.100 · sudo ip addr add 192.168.1.100 dev eth0

146) How could you ensure the httpd service (Apache) is restarted if it is already running, say to absorb a revised configuration file (select all correct answers)?

· sudo systemctl restart httpd · sudo systemctl stop httpd && sudo systemctl start httpd

156) Which command(s) can upgrade an entire system (Select all answers that apply)?

· sudo yum update · zypper update · sudo apt-get dist-upgrade · dnf update

28) Which of the following are some of the questions you have to consider when testing to ensure all pieces of a distributed development project work as expected? Select all answers that apply.

Does the project still compile? Do changes that overlap with each other conflict? Can changes that overlap with each other be applied at the same time? Are there good test suites that can be used on representative workloads, to ensure things are working properly?

155) Depending on Linux distribution, which commands can install the libaio package and any packages it needs to function that are not already installed (Select all answers that apply)?

· sudo zypper install libaio · sudo dnf install libaio · sudo apt-get install libaio · sudo yum install libaio

133) Which of the following utilities can be used to monitor process and system load activity? (We encourage you to try all of them as this is the best way to learn)

· top · ps · uptime

85) What are some of the most common editors that can be found on any Linux distribution? Select all answers that apply.

· vi · gedit · emacs · nano · kate

110) Which files need to be in the /boot directory for the system to boot up (select all that apply)?

· vmlinuz · initramfs

220) Which of the following are Integrated Development Environments that can be used for Java on Linux (Select all answers that apply)?

Eclipse NetBeans

9) From a business perspective, use of OSS (Select all answers that apply):

Enables use of ingredients from other sources and speeds development Makes marketing easier as some ingredients are already well-known and trusted

154) What does EPEL stand for?

Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux

100) You can create a new partition by typing p. True or False?

False

115) Threads in a process do not share any information with each other. True or False?

False

121) It is not easy to turn off the new naming scheme and go back to using the old classic names. True or False?

False

127) FileZilla is the dominant ftp server in use on Linux. True or False?

False

139) Devices are easily registered using only their names. True or False?

False

148) You cannot test what a distribution looks like using live media. You must always have Linux installed on your hardware. True or False?

False

149) Most Linux distributions have only one graphical interface. True or False?

False

153) Linux distributions do not include graphical interfaces for package management. True or False?

False

161) When creating a new account with useradd, all distributions will create a home directory by default. True or False?

False

174) By default, man pages are sent through the more command. True or False?

False

175) awk was created at Microsoft in the 1970s. True or False?

False

191) The type of file is determined by examining its extension rather than content. True or False?

False

20) You can immediately start contributing to an open source project. No prior research, knowledge or preparation is needed. True or False?

False

21) Most open source projects succeed. True or False?

False

215) The concept of Write Once, Run Anywhere works better on the client side than on the server side. True or False?

False

22) Community members with offensive behavior will not be removed from an open source project.

False

223) You have to be a superuser to build a binary RPM package on CentOS and openSUSE. True or False?

False

34) You can switch to a different license for your project at any time, without difficulty. True or False?

False

42) A benevolent dictatorship will allow subproject maintainers to make the decisions. True or False?

False

54) Both public and private repositories on GitHub are free of charge. True or False?

False

55) GitHub and other similar hosting providers do not offer a full GUI interface. True or False?

False

86) GNOME offers a graphical interface four the vi editor, called gvim, while KDE does not offer a graphical interface for the vi editor. True or False?

False

93) Porting scripts from csh variants is relatively easy and straightforward. True or False?

False

99) The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) has always been administered by The Linux Foundation. True or False?

False

37) FUD stands for:

Fear,Uncertainty and Doubt

210) GCC stands for:

GNU Compiler Collection

36) Which of the following is a "copyleft" license?

GPL

6) Which method best describes the way FreeBSD is developed?

Governing Board

26) You have worked hard on implementing a new feature for and OSS project and submitted your work. A senior maintainer liked you ideas, but ignored your implementation and substituted their own new one to the same end. You should:

If the other implementation is successful at achieving its purpose, you should accept the result gratefully (after registering you displeasure that rather than reviewing and modifying you work, it was abandoned), and contribute to improving the new implementation as needed

27) On a project mailing list, some inserts an irrelevant politica, or philosophical comment into an otherwise technical discussion and this is at least mildly offensive to you. A good and proper response could be (Select all that apply):

Ignore the comment and just answer the technical issues Politely ask the post to not make such comments. If they counter with more and stronger statements, ask any discussion moderators to quiet the issue offline if needed

4)Linux began:

In 1991 with an Internet post by a student in Finland

194) Which statement is correct?

In Linux, file types are rarely determined by extension letters

30) What is the correct order of the Continuous Integration process stage?

Integration, Delivery and Deployment

56) Select the correct statement. GitHub:

Is a private company acquired by Microsoft in 2018

216) Which of the following is true for Eclipse?

It has been used primarily for Java projects, but it also supports a number of other languages

135) Which statement is true?

It is easier to monitor system activity using command line tools, since they vary little from one Linux distribution to the next.

204) For a filesystem to be mounted at boot:

It must be listed in /etc/fstab

33) There are many tooling suites used for Continous Integration. The most widely used one is:

Jenkins

76) Which of the following are Desktop Managers?

KDE GNOME XFCE

57) Sites that offer services similar to GitHub include (select all that apply):

Launchpad GitLab GitKraken

25) When there is someone in the project community that gets abusive or just difficult to deal with, you should (Select all answers that apply):

Let established community members moderate the conflict Actually read what they are saying; even if phrased in a nasty manner, the points might need addressing, and you can respond to them calmly

32) The Linux Kernel Continuous Integration Project was initiated by:

Linaro

66) Which of the following are members of the Debian distribution family (Select all answers that apply)?

Linux Mint Ubuntu

69) Select all true answers:

Linux borrowed heavily from basic UNIX features, but is not actually an implementation of the UNIX operating system. The term Linux really applies only to the core kernel, not the entire operating system.

206) LVM stands for:

Logical Volume Management

151) What type of command is rpm?

Low-level command

126) What does MTU stand for?

Maximum Transfer Unit (usually 1500 bytes by default) for Ethernet packets

18) Which of the following are widespread fully OSS projects (Select all that apply):

None of the above

195) If the first character in the long file listing is a "-", the listed object is a:

Normal File

62) How was The Linux Foundation formed?

OSDL and the Free Standards Group merged in 2007 to form The Linux Foundation

38) Select the true statement:

OSS and Closed Source Software can co-exist in a product, but careful analysis should be done to make sure proper boundaries are respected and enforced

50) The majority of OSS projects carry out their discussions in English. Therefore (Select all answers that apply):

One should always speak as clearly as possible, and while not being dull, think about the audience and what they will be familiar with

14) Which of the following are examples of successful open source projects? Select all answers that apply.

OpenStack ONAP Hyperledger Fabric Kubernetes

199) Which of the following is true about journaling filesystems?

Operations are grouped into transactions

35) What are some considerations that go into OSS license selection (Select all answers that apply)?

Policy on patents Should all modifications be public (restrictive vs permissive)

67) Which of the following are Enterprise Linux Distributions (Select all answers that apply)?

RHEL SUSE

3) What are the main types of Open Source Software (OSS) licenses? Select all answers that apply.

Restrictive

224) Use of a package management system (Select all true statements):

Simplifies upgrade and update of individual software packages, as well as the system

144) Udev (select all correct answers):

Stands for User Device · Loads and unloads device drivers and other kernel modules as needed · Is responsible for populating the /dev directory once the system is up and running.

23) When first getting involved in an OSS project, you should (Select all answers that apply):

Start by helping test and report results

8) What are some of the advantages of open source software development? Select all answers that apply.

Stronger and more secure code Developers have the means to build better software Potentially faster bug repairs Reduced costs

12) School systems can benefit from using OSS because (Select all answers that apply):

Students may learn how to join projects and contribute from an early age or stage in their education Students can more easily learn about how things really work as compared to using closed source operating systems and applications As the world's IT infrastructure becomes more and more OSS-based, students will be better prepared to enter the work force especially as developers

24) When working on an OSS project, the best strategy is to:

Submit changes one at a time in a sequential manner, even if the full change will not do much until the entire patch series is incorporated

112) Select the order in which the following system initialization methods were introduced:

SysVinit -> Upstart -> systemd

19) Which of the following document preparation systems are OSS projects (Select all that apply):

TeX,LaTex and related versions LibreOffice

45) The job of a mentor includes:

Teaching contributors how to handle criticism, as well as how to give constructive criticism Finding ways to empower people to give their maximum contribution Training new project contributors in how to submit their work successfully in the right form

15) The git version control system arose from needs of which project:

The Linux Kernel

103) Which of the following statements describes the best practice?

The current directory should not be placed in the path

221) If you are experienced in using Eclipse on another operating system, when moving to Linux:

The interface and functioning should be almost the same and have little or no learning curve required

73) In the X Window System:

The server handles matters such as display and input devices, while the client can be anywhere and is the running application.

228) Which of the following statements are true (Select all answers that apply)?

The source package contains one file in RPM-based systems The source package contains multiple files in Debian-based systems

227) With RPM, all information to configure, compile and install is contained in:

The spec file

212) Why might you choose to link your program statically, rather than use a shared library version?

The static program will not use new versions of shared libraries as they become available, and thus may avoid breakage and bugs

119) The OOM KIller

Tries to keep the system running by killing processes which are using more memory than can be supplied

114) You can use the sudo swapoff -a command to turn off all swap memory. True or False?

True

129) gnome-system-monitor is a graphical monitoring tool installed on any Linux distribution that provides the GNOME desktop. It generates statistics in real time, but you don't have the ability to save the data. True or False?

True

130) ksysguard is another graphical monitoring tool, which has far more extensive capabilities than gnome-system-monitor. True or False?

True

140) udev makes sure the system recognizes any new devices which are plugged in, and also when devices are removed. True or False?

True

150) On SUSE systems, YAST is your basic interface for all system administration. True or False?

True

172) sed stands for stream editor. True or False?

True

185) Functions must always be defined before they are used. True or False?

True

209) gdb can properly debug multi-threaded programs. True or False?

True

41) An open source project cannot function without trust. True or False?

True

43) In open source projects, failure is more common than success. True or False?

True

71) All recent GNOME-based Linux distributions look very similar as far as starting up, logging in, and shutting down. True or False?

True

196) If the first character in the long file listing is an "s", the listed object is a:

Unix Domain Socket

31) Which statement is true?

Use of Continuous Integration and revision control methods are independent, but are usually employed together

39) Select the true statement:

Use of OSS has no predetermined effect on legal costs. It can lower them, since proper license enforcement can be built-in early, or it can raise them by having more people pick at the code if attribution has been sloppy

95) To make an environment variable (VAR) effective for only one command (foobar), you should do:

VAR=value ./foobar

16) Which of the following are OSS projects used to construct a graphical user interface (GUI)?

Wayland GNOME KDE X Window System

13) Developers working in OSS will:

Will often find it easier to get good jobs because their work will be more open to inspection

88) Which of the following statements is true?

You can go back and forth between editors as much as you would like without a conversion process

75) If you are running a GNOME desktop manager:

You can run KDE-based applications most of the time, as long as the underlying libraries have been installed by the distribution

60) To use GitHub and the other sites that provide repository hosting:

You can work from either a graphical interface or a command line

65) In order to install and use Linux:

You need a computer or an account in a cloud environment such as AWS, Azure or Google Cloud

98) Which of the following commands has the correct syntax for specifying an alias?

alias doitall="make clean; make all; evince output.pdf"

218) Which utility can be used to select the default Java Implementation on a Linux system?

alternatives

61) What is usually the default shell for Linux?

bash (Bourne Again SHell)

200) Which of the following commands can be used to see what filesystems your system currently understands?

cat /proc/filesystems

176) Which of the following commands will create a new file test1 from the command prompt?

cat > test1

179) Which command is used to combine three files into a fourth file?

cat file1 file2 file3 > file4

173) To combine the files test1 and test2 into the file newtest, type:

cat test1 test2 > newtest

198) Which command will give all users the right to look at a file, but give only the owner the right to change it or execute it:

chmod 744 some_file

183) Which command is used to extract columns from a file to work on them later?

cut

152) Which command lists the files in the package named "foobar"?

dpkg --listfiles foobar

105) Which command will list the partition information on the first hard disk and then exit?

fdisk -l /dev/sda

167) Which command will list all files under the current directory with a .cfg extension, and then delete them?

find . -name "*.cfg" -exec rm {} ';'

211) A good choice of compiler options for day-to-day use would be:

gcc -O2 -Wall -pedantic program.c

17) Which of the following are projects emanating from the Free Software Foundation?

glibc gcc gdb bash

171) Which command will print out all lines beginning with "X" in all files in the current directory?

grep "^X" *

182) Which commands can be used to print the lines that contain the numbers 0-5 in a file (Select all answers that apply)?

grep [0-5] filename grep [0,1,2,3,4,5] filename

122) Which networking configuration interface is newer and has extended capabilities?

ip

219) Which commands will show you information about which version of Java you are running (Select all answers that apply):

java -version $ readlink -f $(which java)

213) To find the shared libraries used by /usr/bin/cp you can do (Select all answers that apply):

ldd /usr/bin/cp ldd $(which cp)

104) If file does not exist, which command will produce an error?

ln file file2

169) Which command will find all files and directories in the system whose name ends with cfg?

locate -r "cfg$"

84) To get a short help message about a command such as ls, listing options and arguments, type

ls --help

168) Which command will list all files and directories on the system with cfg in their name?

ls -l $(locate cfg)

137) The command that gives you information about currently loaded modules is:

lsmod

202) What command would create a new logical volume named mylv of size 256 GB in volume group VG ?

lvcreate -L 256G -n mylv VG

189) How would you get the value of a variable named VAR into a script?

read VAR

193) "666" permission means:

read-write permission for all users

170) Which commands can change all occurrences within a file of the string boris to natasha (Select all answers that apply)?

sed -e s:boris:natasha:g file sed -e s/boris/natasha/g file

165) Differences between su and su - include (Select all answers that apply):

su preserves more information, such as current directory, path and environment variables su - starts a new login shell, while su just continues the current shell, but gives it super privileges

164) Which provides stronger security and auditing for system activity:

sudo

166) Which is the proper way to use sudo with echo?

sudo bash -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"

141) Which command should you use to disable vboxdrv?

sudo systemctl disable vboxdrv

145) Which command will ensure the httpd service (Apache) starts at system boot?

sudo systemctl enable httpd.service

72) What is the easiest way to install KDE on a CentOS 7 system?

sudo yum groupinstall KDE

180) Which of the following commands can be used to view the last 15 lines of a file (Select all answers that apply)?

tail -15 some_file tail -n15 some_file

177) Which of the following file manipulation utilities removes duplicate lines from a text file and replaces them with single lines?

uniq

163) Adding a new user to a group is done with:

usermod

92) Which editor can always be found installed by default on virtually any Linux system?

vi

91) Which pair of editors has partisan advocates who tend to wage war over which is better than the other?

vi and emacs

90) Which statement is true?

vi involves switching between command and insert mode by hitting the Escape key

134) Your system seems memory-starved and is slowing down. Which utilities would give you information about your memory usage?

vmstat free pmap

96) Which of the following expressions will give the correct mathematical result (7) for x = 10 (Select all answers that apply)?

· $ echo $(expr $x - 3) · $ echo $(($x - 3 ))

81) Which commands get a list of all man pages named "file" (Select all answers that apply)?

$ whatis file

184) Which of the following special environment variables is the command name?

$0

1) Which of the following are some of the major milestones in the history of open source software?

-The Free Software Foundation -The creation of the Linux operating system -The birth of Ubuntu

162) Basic information about the characteristics of a user's account can be found in:

/etc/passwd

158) Where would the user named student usually find their personal files?

/home/student

116) A rather complete picture of memory usage can be gotten by viewing the following pseudofile:

/proc/meminfo

157) System logging files are kept under:

/var/log

108) What runlevel is reserved for the system halt state?

0

80) Which chapter in man contains information about standard user commands?

1

192) How many characters do you get at the beginning in the description of a file?

10

160) The first non-root user ID when the system is installed will be:

1000

178) By default, split breaks up a file into:

1000-line segments

107) How many versions does GRUB have?

2

113) Which runlevel is multiple user with no graphical desktop?

3

101) For the most basic commonly used partitioning scheme, you would have:

3 partitions

190) Select the correct statement:

A bash function must be placed before it is used in a script

47) Which statements is true?

A project should have a clear license to begin with. It may possibly make a change later if it really needs to, but that is often non-trivial if there are quite a few contributors It is not bad. Many seeds are planted and only some bloom, and it is difficult to predict which ones. It is always good to encourage a lot of new ideas and methods, and let them compete until the winners emerge.

52) Some one on an OSS mailing list introduces a political aside and perhaps a preference during a technical discussion. Appropriate responses include (Select all correct answers):

Acknowledge the issue but briefly without putting down anyone with differing opinions. Avoid amplifying Ignore the point and just address the technical issues as needed.

58) When using a GitHub public repository:

Anyone on the Internet can download the data, but only authorized collaborators can upload information and modifications