Ottoman Sultans

Osman II 1618-1622

Son of Ahmed I and Mâh-Firûze Hadice (Khadija) Vâlidā Sultân; Deposed in a Janissary riot on 19 May 1622; Murdered on 20 May 1622 by the Grand Vizier Kara Davud Paşa (Black Da'ud Pasha) from compression of his testicles

Ibrahim 1640-1648

Son of Ahmed I and Mâh-Peyker Kösem Vâlidā Sultân; Deposed on 8 August 1648 in a coup led by the Sheikh ul-Islam; Strangled in Istanbul on 18 August 1648[37] at the behest of the Grand Vizier Mevlevî Mehmed Paşa (Sofu Mehmed Pasha).

Murad IV 1623-1640

Son of Ahmed I and Mâh-Peyker Kösem Vâlidā Sultân; Reigned until his death

Mehmed I 1413-1421

Son of Bayezid I and Devlet Khātûn; Reigned until his death.

Selim I 1512-1520

Son of Bayezid II and Kül-Bahār Khātûn; Reigned until his death.

Bayezid II 1481-1512

Son of Mehmed II and Mükrîme (Sitt-î Mū'kārîmā) Khātûn; Abdicated; Died near Didymoteicho on 26 May 1512.

Mustafa I 1617-1618

Son of Mehmed III and Fûlâne Valide Sultan; Deposed due to his non-syndromic mental retardation in favour of his young nephew Osman II.

Ahmed I 1603-1617

Son of Mehmed III and Handan Vâlidā Sultân; Reigned until his death

Bayezid I 1389-1402

Son of Murad I and Gül-Çiçek Khātûn; Captured on the battlefield at the Battle of Ankara (de facto end of reign); Died in captivity in Akşehir on 8 March 1403

Mehmed III 1595-1603

Son of Murad III and Sâfiyā Vâlidā Sultân; Reigned until his death

Orhan 1326-1362

Son of Osman I and Malhūn (Māl) Khātûn; Reigned until his death.

Mehmed II (return) (Fatih the Conqueror) 1451 -1481

Second reign; Conquered Constantinople in 1453; Reigned until his death.

Murad II (return)1446-1451

Second reign; Forced to return to the throne following a Janissary insurgence Reigned until his death.

Mustafa I (return) 1622-23

Second reign; Returned to the throne after the assassination of his nephew Osman II; Deposed due to his syndromic mental retardation and confined until his death in Istanbul on 20 January 1639

Osman I 1299-1236

Son of Ertuğrul Ghazi and Khālîma Khānum; On 27 July 1299, declared his independence from the Anatolian Seljuk Empire. Reigned until his death

Osman Bey 1281-1299

Son of Ertuğrul Ghazi and Khālīma Khānūm; Elected by the Beys and Ghazis of the Kayı tribe as chief in succession to his father Ertuğrul Ghazi, and invested as Prince (Amir) by Âlâ ād-Dīn Kayqubad III, Sultan of The Anatolian Seljuq Sultanate of Rûm. Became an independent sovereign on the collapse of the Sultanate of Iconium on July 27, 1299.

Sulieman II 1687-1691

Son of Ibrahim and Sâliha Dil-Âşûb (Dilâshûb) Vâlidā Sultân; Reigned until his death

Mehmed IV 1648-1687

Son of Ibrahim and Turhan Hadice (Khadija) Vâlidā Sultân; Deposed on 8 November 1687 following the Ottoman defeat at the Second Battle of Mohács; Died in Edirne on 6 January 1693

Ertuğrul Bey 1230-1281

Son of Kaya Alp Oğlu Süleyman Şah and Haimā (Hayme) Ana; Reigned until his death. Father of Osman Ghazi and the elected leader of the Kayı clan of the Oghuz tribe.

Murad II 1421-1444

Son of Mehmed I and Âminā (Emine) Khātûn Abdicated of his own free will in favour of his son Mehmed II.

Mehmed II 1444-1446

Son of Murad II and Hadice Âlime Hūmâ Khātûn Surrendered the throne to his father after having asked him to return to power.

Murad I 1362 - 1839

Son of Orhan and Nilūfer Khātûn; Reigned until his death; Killed on the battlefield at the Battle of Kosovo on June 15, 1389.

Sulieman (Magnificent) 1520-1566

Son of Selim I and A'ishā Hafīzā (Ayşe Hafsa) Vâlidā Sultân; Reigned until his death.

Murad III 1574-1595

Son of Selim II and Afîfe Nûr-Bānû Vâlidā Sultân; Reigned until his death

Selim II 1566-1574

Son of Suleiman I and Hürrem Sultan (Khūrrām or Kārimā); Reigned until his death