passive transport

solute outside the cell is lower than the inside

hypotonic

solute outside and inside are equal

isotonic

small molecules like...... can move in and out freely

water, oxygen, carbon dioxide

what are the 3 types of passive transport?

1. Diffusion 2. Facilitated Diffusion 3. Osmosis

diffusion always occurs down a _______ (areas from high -> low concentration)

concentration gradient

the difference in the concentration of molecules across a space

concentration gradient

water will cross the membrane toward the higher solute concentration until the _______ of both_____ and _____ even out

concentration gradients water and solutes

random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

diffusion

the simplest type of passive transport that does not require the cell to use energy is ____

diffusion

when the concentration of the molecules of a substance is the same throughout a space, a state of _____ exists

equilibrium

diffusion continues until all molecules are _______ (equilibrium is reached) molecules will still move around but stay _____ out

evenly spaced spread

to stay alive, a cell must _________________

exchange materials such as food and waste with its environment

diffusion of specific particles through transport proteins found in the membrane

facilitated diffusion

osmosis water moves from areas of ___ concentration to __ low concentration water moves freely through _____ in the membrane

high low pores

molecules diffuse faster at ____ temperatures

higher

cell membranes help organisms maintain ____ by controlling what substances may enter or leave the cell

homeostasis

solute outside the cell is higher than the inside

hypertonic

the activities of a cell depend on the _____ that enter and leave the cell

materials

diffusion occurs when molecules ___________

move randomly away from each other in a liquid or gas

passive transport- cell uses ________ molecules move _____ molecules spread out from an area of ___ concentration to an area of ___ concentration

no energy randomly high low

the movement of substances across the cell membrane without any output of energy

passive transport

large molecules like...... can not move in and out of the cell freely

proteins and carbohydrates

____ molecules diffuse faster

smaller

dissolved substances in a solution _____ is mostly water containing many dissolved solutes

solutes cytosol

facilitated diffusion transport proteins are ____-they "select" only certain molecules to cross the membrane transport __ or ___ molecules

specific larger or charged

the rate of diffusion depends on the _____ ____ and type of ___ that are diffusing

temperature size molecules

diffusion is driven by the _____ the molecules possess. Because of their _____, molecules are in constant motion

kinetic energy

diffusion of water across a semi-permable membrane

osmosis

diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

osmosis

osmosis occurs in response to.......

the concentration of solutes dissolved in water