Path 370 Assessment 2 (CH. 10, 11, 13, 14, 15)
A deficiency of von Willebrand factor impairs a. platelet aggregation. b. platelet adhesion to injured tissue. c. platelet production. d. activation of the coagulation cascade.
b. platelet adhesion to injured tissue.
The megakaryocyte is a precursor to a. white blood cells. b. platelets. c. red blood cells. d. factor IX.
b. platelets.
The most common primary immune deficiency that affects only B cells is a. Bruton agammaglobulinemia. b. selective IgA. c. Wiskott-Aldrich. d. DiGeorge.
b. selective IgA.
In general, the best prognosis for long-term disease-free survival occurs with a. ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia). b. CML (chronic myeloid leukemia). c. AML (acute myeloid leukemia). d. CLL (chronic lymphoid leukemia).
a. ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia).
Which form of leukemia demonstrates the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome? a. CML (chronic myeloid leukemia) b. CLL (chronic lymphoid leukemia) c. ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia) d. AML (acute myeloid leukemia)
a. CML (chronic myeloid leukemia)
What is the correct definition of complete remission (CR) of leukemia? a. CR is less than 5% blasts in marrow and normal CBC values. b. CR is less than 5% leukemic cells in the blood. c. CR is absence of leukemic cells regardless of CBC values. d. CR is the absence of leukemic cells in the blood.
a. CR is less than 5% blasts in marrow and normal CBC values.
Vaccination for pneumococcal pneumonia should be performed before 1 year of age in patients with sickle cell anemia. a. False b. True
a. False
What is necessary for red blood cell production? a. Iron b. Calcium c. Phosphate d. Magnesium
a. Iron
Which characteristic is indicative of hemolytic anemia? a. Jaundice b. Hypovolemia c. Increased total iron-binding capacity d. Increased heart rate
a. Jaundice
Dysfunction of which organ would lead to clotting factor deficiency? a. Liver b. Spleen c. Kidney d. Pancreas
a. Liver
Renal insufficiency is a common complication of which disease? a. Myeloma b. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) c. Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) d. Hodgkin disease
a. Myeloma
The liver is responsible for the synthesis of coagulation factors, with the exception of part of VIII. a. True b. False
a. True
Most carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream as a. bicarbonate ion. b. dissolved carbon dioxide. c. carboxyhemoglobin. d. carbonic acid.
a. bicarbonate ion.
The prothrombin time (PT) and INR (international normalized ratio) measure the integrity of a. extrinsic pathway. b. platelet function. c. fibrinolysis. d. intrinsic pathway.
a. extrinsic pathway.
Patients who experience anemic episodes when exposed to certain drugs most likely have a. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. b. spherocytosis. c. sickle cell anemia. d. thalassemia.
a. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
Red blood cells obtain nearly all their energy from metabolism of a. glucose. b. acetyl coenzyme A. c. fats. d. proteins.
a. glucose.
Red blood cells differ from other cell types in the body, because they a. have no cytoplasmic organelles. b. contain cytoplasmic proteins. c. contain glycolytic enzymes. d. have a longer life span.
a. have no cytoplasmic organelles
Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of a. intrinsic factor. b. erythropoietin. c. iron. d. folate.
a. intrinsic factor.
Dramatic hypotension sometimes accompanies type I hypersensitivity reactions, because a. massive histamine release from mast cells leads to vasodilation. b. toxins released into the blood interfere with cardiac function. c. anaphylaxis results in large volume losses secondary to sweating. d. hypoxia resulting from bronchoconstriction impairs cardiac function.
a. massive histamine release from mast cells leads to vasodilation.
A primary effector cell of the type I hypersensitivity response is a. mast cells. b. cytotoxic cells. c. neutrophils. d. monocytes.
a. mast cells.
A 58-year-old woman is seen in the clinic for reports of severe back pain. Her chest x-ray demonstrates generalized bone demineralization and compression fracture. Blood studies demonstrate elevated calcium levels. The most likely diagnosis is a. myeloma. b. back trauma. c. Hodgkin disease. d. leukemia.
a. myeloma.
The goal of long term heparin for the management of a deep vein thrombosis is to a. prevent further clot formation. b. dissolve the thrombus. c. relieve edema. d. prevent clot dislodgement.
a. prevent further clot formation.
A serious complication of deep vein thrombosis is a. pulmonary embolus. b. hypertensive crisis. c. extremity necrosis. d. stroke.
a. pulmonary embolus.
An increase in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen occurs with a. shift to the left. b. elevated PCO2. c. hyperthermia. d. shift to the right.
a. shift to the left.
Autologous stem cell transplantation is a procedure in which a. stem cells are harvested from the patient and then returned to the same patient. b. stem cells are transferred to the patient from an identical twin. c. there is a high rejection rate. d. stem cells are transferred to the patient from an HLA-matched donor.
a. stem cells are harvested from the patient and then returned to the same patient.
A patient is diagnosed with a tortuous blood vessel of the right hand that bleeds spontaneously. This patient presents with a. telangiectasia. b. purpura. c. thrombocytosis. d. petechiae.
a. telangiectasia.
The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is a measure of the integrity of a. intrinsic pathway. b. fibrinolysis. c. platelet function. d. extrinsic pathway.
a. the intrinsic pathway.
Activation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by a. tissue thromboplastin. b. factor VII. c. platelet factors. d. collagen exposure.
a. tissue thromboplastin.
Peripheral edema is a result of a. venous thrombosis. b. atherosclerosis. c. hypertension. d. arterial insufficiency.
a. venous thrombosis.
A normal bleeding time in association with normal platelet count, and increased prothrombin time (PT) and INR, is indicative of a. vitamin K deficiency. b. hemophilia B. c. idiopathic thrombocytopenia. d. hemophilia A.
a. vitamin K deficiency
The arterial oxygen content (CaO2) for a patient with PaO2 100 mm Hg, SaO2 95%, and hemoglobin 15 g/dL is _____ mL oxygen/dL. a. 210 b. 19.4 c. 21.05 d. 1909.8
b. 19.4
A 5-year-old patient's parents report loss of appetite and fatigue in their child. The parents also state that the child refuses to walk as a result of pain. The child's most likely diagnosis is a. CLL (chronic lymphoid leukemia) b. ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia) c. AML (acute myeloid leukemia) d. CML (chronic myeloid leukemia)
b. ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)
Burkitt lymphoma is most closely associated with a. immunodeficiency syndromes. b. Epstein-Barr virus. c. history of cigarette smoking. d. radiation exposure.
b. Epstein-Barr virus.
Seasonal allergic rhinitis is most involved in type II hypersensitivity reactions. a. True b. False
b. False
Certain autoimmune diseases are associated with the presence of specific proteins on a person's cells. These proteins are called ________ proteins. a. TCR or BCR b. HLA or MHC c. antibody receptor d. complement
b. HLA or MHC
The principle Ig mediator of type I hypersensitivity reactions is a. IgA. b. IgE. c. IgG. d. IgM.
b. IgE.
Which causes vasoconstriction? a. α-Adrenergic antagonist b. Norepinephrine c. Acetylcholine d. Calcium channel blocker
b. Norepinephrine
Which group of clinical findings describes the typical presentation of ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)? a. Elevated WBC count found on routine examination, asymptomatic b. Pain in long bones, infection, fever, bruising c. Vertebral fracture, hypercalcemia, bone pain d. Painless enlarged cervical lymph node, fever, weight los
b. Pain in long bones, infection, fever, bruising
The relationship of blood flow (Q), resistance (R), and pressure (P) in a vessel can be expressed by which equation? a. Q = R/P b. Q = P/R c. P = Q/R d. R = PQ
b. Q = P/R
Hemophilia B is also known as Christmas disease. a. False b. True
b. True
The only known curative treatment for CML is allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from a suitable donor. a. False b. True
b. True
Two of the most serious oncology emergencies associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma are obstruction of the superior vena cava and compression of the spinal cord. a. False b. True
b. True
A commonly ingested substance associated with prolongation of the bleeding time is a. acetaminophen. b. aspirin. c. caffeine. d. tobacco.
b. aspirin.
Velocity of blood flow is measured in a. kilometers per minute. b. centimeters per second. c. yards per hour. d. millimeters per minute.
b. centimeters per second.
A cause of thrombocytopenia includes a. secondary polycythemia. b. chemotherapy. c. reduced erythropoietin. d. hypoxemia.
b. chemotherapy.
When systemic vascular resistance is decreased, blood flow a. stays the same. b. decreases. c. moves to the extremities. d. increases.
b. decreases.
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome is an example of a(n) a. excessive immune response. b. deficient immune response. c. hypersensitivity reaction. d. primary acquired immunodeficiency.
b. deficient immune response.
Widespread activation of the clotting cascade secondary to massive trauma is called a. idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura. b. disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). c. Hageman disease. d. hemophilia B.
b. disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
Venous obstruction leads to edema because it ________ pressure. a. increases arterial blood b. increases capillary hydrostatic c. decreases tissue d. increases capillary oncotic
b. increases capillary hydrostatic
The patient is a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). As part of treatment, the patient must undergo several weeks of chemotherapy. The most serious complication of chemotherapy is a. vomiting. b. infection. c. alopecia. d. anemia.
b. infection.
Clinical manifestations of chronic arterial obstruction include a. decreased pressure proximal to the obstruction. b. intermittent claudication. c. distal hyperemia. d. edema.
b. intermittent claudication.
A newborn has melena, bleeding from the umbilicus, and hematuria. The newborn most likely experiencing a. disseminated intravascular coagulation. b. vitamin K deficiency bleeding. c. acquired vitamin K deficiency. d. von Willebrand disease.
b. vitamin K deficiency bleeding.
A patient presents to the physician's office with pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin. The patient is most likely between the ages of _____ years. a. 6 months and 2 b. 25 and 45 c. 4 and 7 d. 15 and 18
c. 4 and 7
Which clinical finding is indicative of compartment syndrome? a. Redness and swelling b. Peripheral edema c. Absent peripheral pulses d. Atrophy of distal tissues
c. Absent peripheral pulses
A child with a history of recent strep throat infection develops glomerulonephritis. This is most likely a type _____ hypersensitivity reaction.
c. III
Which condition enhances lymphatic flow? a. Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure b. Increased tissue hydrostatic pressure c. Increased interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure d. Increased capillary oncotic pressure
c. Increased interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Which is not a manifestation of acute arterial obstruction? a. Pulselessness b. Pallor c. Purpura d. Pain
c. Purpura
Which is not considered to be a risk factor for thrombus formation? a. Stasis of blood flow b. Vascular trauma c. Thrombocytopenia d. Circulatory shock
c. Thrombocytopenia
Excessive red cell lysis can be detected by measuring the serum a. methemoglobin. b. hemoglobin. c. bilirubin. d. erythropoietin.
c. bilirubin.
Treatment for hemophilia A includes a. heparin administration. b. platelet transfusion. c. factor VIII replacement. d. factor IX replacement.
c. factor VIII replacement.
The conversion of plasminogen to plasmin results in a. clot retraction. b. platelet aggregation. c. fibrinolysis. d. activation of thrombin.
c. fibrinolysis.
Blood flow is slow through capillaries because capillaries a. are so far away from the heart. b. are so narrow. c. have the largest total cross-sectional area. d. have no smooth muscle.
c. have the largest total cross-sectional area.
When a patient is struck in the eye by a baseball, the result is redness and swelling. This increase in blood flow to a localized area is called a. edema. b. autoregulation. c. hyperemia. d. hypoxia.
c. hyperemia.
The effects of histamine release include a. decreased gut permeability. b. bronchodilation. c. increased vascular permeability. d. vasoconstriction.
c. increased vascular permeability.
The major cause of death from leukemic disease is a. kidney failure. b. hypovolemic shock. c. infection. d. malnutrition.
c. infection.
Blood flow throughout the periphery is regulated by a. velocity. b. cardiac output. c. the autonomic nervous system. d. hemodynamics.
c. the autonomic nervous system.
Which type of leukemia primarily affects children? a. CML (chronic myeloid leukemia) b. AML (acute myeloid leukemia) c. CLL (chronic lymphoid leukemia) d. ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)
d. ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)
A diagnostic laboratory finding in myeloma is a. elevated blood glucose levels. b. decreased platelet count. c. increased IgM antibody titer. d. Bence Jones proteins in the urine.
d. Bence Jones proteins in the urine.
Which condition is associated with an elevated reticulocyte count? a. Renal disease b. Aplastic anemia c. Hypertension d. Hemolytic anemia
d. Hemolytic anemia
The hypersensitivity reaction that does not involve antibody production is type a. II. b. III. c. I. d. IV.
d. IV.
A low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) are characteristic of which type of anemia? a. Folate deficiency b. Erythropoietin deficiency c. Vitamin B12 deficiency d. Iron deficiency
d. Iron deficiency
What is the effect on resistance if the radius of a vessel is halved? a. Resistance doubles. b. Resistance decreases by half. c. Resistance decreases by a factor of 16. d. Resistance increases by a factor of 16.
d. Resistance increases by a factor of 16.
Which disorder is associated with a type III hypersensitivity mechanism of injury? a. Graves disease b. Erythroblastosis fetalis c. Seasonal allergic rhinitis d. Systemic lupus erythematosus
d. Systemic lupus erythematosus
Which vessel normally demonstrates the most rapid blood flow? a. A venule b. An arteriole c. A capillary d. The vena cava
d. The vena cava
While in the hospital for management of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), a patient develops severe thrombocytopenia. The most appropriate action for this condition is a. chemotherapy. b. isolation. c. anticoagulant therapy. d. activity restriction.
d. activity restriction.
A laboratory test finding helpful in confirming the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia is a. elevated total and indirect bilirubin. b. elevated MCHC and MCV. c. positive direct or indirect Coombs test. d. elevated total iron-binding capacity.
d. elevated total iron-binding capacity.
The most effective therapy for anemia associated with kidney failure is a. iron administration. b. vitamin B12 and folate administration. c. high-protein diet. d. erythropoietin administration.
d. erythropoietin administration.
A 3-year-old boy who exhibits prolonged bleeding after minor trauma and a prolonged aPTT, but a normal platelet count, is likely to be diagnosed with a. thrombocytopenia. b. liver dysfunction. c. disseminated intravascular coagulation. d. hemophilia.
d. hemophilia.
An important mediator of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is a. complement. b. antigen-antibody immune complexes. c. T cells. d. histamine.
d. histamine.
Risk factors for atherosclerosis include a. low-fiber diet. b. female gender. c. high-protein diet. d. hyperlipidemia.
d. hyperlipidemia.
Myasthenia gravis is a type II hypersensitivity disorder that involves a. symptoms of glomerular disease. b. symptoms of arthritis or polyarthralgia. c. symptoms of hyperthyroidism. d. impaired muscle function.
d. impaired muscle function.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation may be treated with heparin therapy to a. enhance fibrinolysis. b. enhance liver synthesis of clotting factors. c. activate platelets. d. inhibit clotting factor consumption.
d. inhibit clotting factor consumption.
The primary source of erythropoietin is provided by the
d. kidney.
The most appropriate treatment for secondary polycythemia is a. chemotherapy. b. phlebotomy. c. volume expansion with saline. d. measured to improve oxygenation.
d. measured to improve oxygenation.
Thalassemia may be confused with iron-deficiency anemia, because they are both a. hyperchromic. b. genetic. c. responsive to iron therapy. d. microcytic.
d. microcytic.